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1、Martin時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)1PPT課件Martin時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)1PPT課件時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動詞形式。因此,當(dāng)我們說時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候,指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動詞形式。英語時(shí)態(tài)分為16種:一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時(shí),以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。2PPT課件時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在英語共有十六種時(shí)態(tài),其表現(xiàn)形式如下(以study為例): 一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在Studystudies am studyingis studyingare studying have s

2、tudiedhas studied have been studyinghas been studying 過去studied was studyingwere studying had studied had been studying 將來shall studywill study shall be studyingwill be studyingshall have studiedwill have studied shall have been studyingwill have been studying 過去將來should studywould study should be s

3、tudyingwould be studying should have studiedwould have studied should have been studyingwould have been studying 3PPT課件英語共有十六種時(shí)態(tài),其表現(xiàn)形式如下(以study為例): 一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)概念:表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動作(有時(shí)間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事件)的一種時(shí)間狀態(tài)。 1)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語everyday,usually,always,often,sometimes等連用。Mrs. Peter always carries a

4、n umbrella.(說明這是她的習(xí)慣,表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣帶著傘) He is very busy now. 2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 4PPT課件一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)概念:表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)3)表示客觀真理 There are seven days in a week. 注意:此種用法即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in prima

5、ry school.5PPT課件一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)3)表示客觀真理 5PPT課件一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 4) 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,(僅限于某些表示“來、去、動 、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動詞 )可以與表示未來時(shí)間的狀語搭配使用 。常見的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。The next train leaves at 3 oclockthis afternoon. (下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車How often does this shuttle bus run? (這班車多久一趟?) 6PPT課件一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 6PPT課件一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)間狀語:al

6、ways, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):be動詞;行為動詞否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesnt,同時(shí)還原行為動詞。一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動詞。7PPT課件一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)間狀語:always, usually, 練習(xí):1、我們每天上六節(jié)課。2、他經(jīng)常6:30起床。3、Sha

7、nghai in the east of China.(上海位于中國的東部)4、安娜英文寫得很好但她說得不好。5、下一趟汽車下午2點(diǎn)開。liesWe have six classes everyday.He often gets up at 6:30.Anna writes good English but does not speak well.The next bus leaves at 2:00 this aftnoon.8PPT課件練習(xí):1、我們每天上六節(jié)課。liesWe have six 二. 一般過去時(shí)概念:表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為;過去主

8、語所具備的能力和性格。1) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或情況,帶有確定的時(shí)間狀語。I slept well last night.2) 表示過去習(xí)慣性動作,過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)的動作。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.(只是表明她過去的動作,不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘)I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。 (不涉及到現(xiàn)在,不說明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒)9PPT課件二. 一般過去時(shí)概念:表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過二. 一般過去時(shí)3) 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用used to doHe used to drink.(意味著他現(xiàn)在不喝

9、酒了。喝酒這個(gè)動作終止了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我過去是在早晨散步。(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)10PPT課件二. 一般過去時(shí)3) 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用used 二. 一般過去時(shí)3)有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去確定的時(shí)間的狀語,但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過去時(shí)。I didnt know you were in Paris.(因?yàn)樵谡f話時(shí),我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前,所以只能用過去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)11PPT課件二. 一般過去時(shí)3)

10、有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去確定的時(shí)間的狀二. 一般過去時(shí)時(shí)間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):be動詞;行為動詞否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didnt,同時(shí)還原行為動詞。一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;用助動詞do的過去式did提問,同時(shí)還原行為動詞。12PPT課件二. 一般過去

11、時(shí)時(shí)間狀語:ago, yesterday, t二. 一般過去時(shí)行為動詞的一般過去式變化規(guī)則行為動詞的過去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)則:(1)一般在動詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped。末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,先變y為i,然后再加-ed。如:study-studied。(2)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come

12、-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。13PPT課件二. 一般過去時(shí)行為動詞的一般過去式變化規(guī)則13PPT課件二. 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)的公式:肯定: be分為was/were v+ed否定: was/were not didnt+v疑問: was/were+主語 did+主語+v 14PPT課件二. 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)的公式:14PPT課件練習(xí):1、A:你上個(gè)星期去了北京嗎 B:是的,我去了。/不,我沒去。2、A:你昨天晚上干了什么事情? B:我做作業(yè)了。3、他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。Did you go to Beijing last week?Yes

13、,I did./No,I didnt.What did you do last night?I did my homwork.He used to visit his mother once a week.15PPT課件練習(xí):1、A:你上個(gè)星期去了北京嗎Did you go to三. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing) 概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。強(qiáng)調(diào)“此時(shí)此刻”。時(shí)間狀語:now, at this time, these days, look, listen, etc.He is reading a book now. 他正在看書。(目前正在干的事情) They are doi

14、ng homework these days. 這幾天他們都在做作業(yè)。 基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing16PPT課件三. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing) 概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話三. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.He is buying a bike.He isnt buying a bike.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首。Is he buying a bike? 17PPT課件三. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)否定形式:am/is/a練習(xí)1、他正在讀書2、Look!He his mother do the housework.看

15、!他正在幫他媽媽做家務(wù)。3、They in the room.(sing)4、We (play) games now.5、Its 10:00 a.p. My mother (lie) in the bed.He is reading a book.is helpingare singingare playingis lying18PPT課件練習(xí)1、他正在讀書He is reading a book.四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 概念:表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。其形式為was /were + V-ing 。常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用:at this time yesterday, at

16、 that time。或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。 19PPT課件四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 概念:表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing否定形式:was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。20PPT課件四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing20PP四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)A) 表示在過去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動作。例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前,瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。)B) 如果when, whi

17、le這樣的時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過去時(shí),則另一個(gè)句子常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時(shí)我正在洗頭發(fā)。) 21PPT課件四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)A) 表示在過去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動練習(xí)1、I (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2、They (not make) a model ship when I saw him.3、When the bell rang, Jenny (wait) in he

18、r seat. 4、She (make) her dress the whole afternoon.5、My brother came into the bedroom while I (dance). was havingwere not makingwas waitingwas makingwas dancing22PPT課件練習(xí)1、I (have) my b五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done) 概念:過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果,過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語:recently, lately, sincefor,in the

19、 past few years, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has + done否定形式:have/has + not +d one.一般疑問句:have或has。 23PPT課件五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done) 概念:過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)A) 表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。 I have been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候,我在車站已等了20分鐘。 24PPT課件五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)A) 表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have

20、done)B) 表示從過去某時(shí)刻開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況,并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時(shí)間狀語常用since加一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for加一段時(shí)間,或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。He have worked in that factory since 1949. 他自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。 By nine oclock this morning , we have gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到今早9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。 25PPT課件五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)B) 表示從過去某

21、時(shí)刻開練習(xí)1、I (spend) all of my money so far.2、My father (go) to work. 3、Mary (ill) for three days.4、I (live) here since 1998.5、She (pass) the exam so far. 6、My father (be) in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.have spent(含義:我現(xiàn)在沒錢花了)has gone(含義:我爸爸現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒了)has been illhave livedhas passedhas

22、 been(還在所呆的地方)26PPT課件練習(xí)1、I (spend) all of六. 過去完成時(shí)(had done) 概念:過去完成時(shí)是表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作、事情。它表示的是發(fā)生在“過去的過去”的動作,只有在和過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動作相比較的時(shí)候才會使用過去完成時(shí)。 時(shí)間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):had + done.否定形式:had + not + done.一般疑問句:had放于句首27PPT課件六. 過去完成時(shí)(had done) 概念:過去完成時(shí)是表六. 過去完成時(shí)(ha

23、d done)1. 由時(shí)間狀語來判定 ( 1 ) by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.28PPT課件六. 過去完成時(shí)(h

24、ad done)1. 由時(shí)間狀語來判定六. 過去完成時(shí)(had done)2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。 1)She said that she had seen the film before. 2)After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.3)We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 29PPT課件六. 過去完成時(shí)(had done)2. 由“過去的過去”練習(xí)1、She (live) here for several years.2、By the time my parent

25、s reached home yesterday, I (cook) the dinner already.3、He asked me during the summer holidays.(他昨天問我假期去了哪里)4、 By the end of last week, they _ (complete) the bridge. had livedhad cookedwhere I had beenhad completed30PPT課件練習(xí)1、She (liv七、一般將來時(shí) 概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week

26、, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.31PPT課件七、一般將來時(shí) 概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、七、一般將來時(shí)A) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.B) 有些動詞,如:arrive, close, come, do, go, have, leave,

27、open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,可以表示將來時(shí)。例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May. 32PPT課件七、一般將來時(shí)A) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do練習(xí)1、There a meeting tomorrow afternoon.(明天下午將會有個(gè)會議)2、If they come, we (have) a meeting.3、He in three days.(他3天后

28、會回來)4、There (is) a birthday party next Sunday.5、It (take) us a long time to learn English well.is going to bewill havewill come backwill bewill take33PPT課件練習(xí)1、There 八、過去將來時(shí)概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。 時(shí)間狀語:the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were/going to + do;would/s

29、hould + do.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。34PPT課件八、過去將來時(shí)概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于八、過去將來時(shí)判斷這種時(shí)態(tài)的依據(jù)是:要有表示過去的“動作”,而不是時(shí)間。例: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。) 例:I knew he was about to go to England.例:Sh

30、e said she was leaving this evening.35PPT課件八、過去將來時(shí)判斷這種時(shí)態(tài)的依據(jù)是:要有表示過去的“動作”,練習(xí)1、We didnt know whether he (speak) at the meeting.2、Jenny said she (spend) her holiday in China.3、I heard that they (return) to Shanghai soon.4、Lily rang up her mother that (buy) some books.was going to speakwould spendwere g

31、oing to returnwould buy36PPT課件練習(xí)1、We didnt know whether he 九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)概念:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),是英語中,動詞的一種基本時(shí)態(tài),其構(gòu)成為:主語+助動詞(have)+動詞的過去分詞+其他成分。其表達(dá)的意思有兩種:1.表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作,并且還將持續(xù)下去。2.表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。37PPT課件九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)概念:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),是英語中,動詞的一種九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+have(has)been+動詞-ing (一)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作,并且還將持續(xù)下去。 例:The Chi

32、nese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中國有2000年的造紙歷史。(動作還將繼續(xù)下去) 38PPT課件九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+have(has)been+動詞-i九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(二)表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了。(人還沒到,如同在電話里說的,還會繼續(xù)等)39PPT課件九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(二)表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動練習(xí)1、We (work) on this project for ove

33、r a month now.2、I (learn) English since three years ago. 3、I (write) a book.4、He (work) here for five years.5、They (live) in this city for ten years.have been workinghave been learninghave been writinghas been workinghave been living40PPT課件練習(xí)1、We 十、 將來完成時(shí) 概念:表示從將來的某一時(shí)間開始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài)(即是在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作),或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來時(shí)間,但對其后的另一個(gè)將來時(shí)間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。41PPT課件十、 將來完成時(shí) 概念:表示從將來的某一時(shí)間開始、延續(xù)到另一十、 將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)(shall/will have done)例 The conference _ a full week by the time it

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