Unit 2 Success 詞匯（教案）-高中英語北師大版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊

1、北師大2019版選擇性必修一 unit 2詞匯精講persistent adj.執(zhí)著的,堅持的；持續(xù)的I had a persistent cough for over a month.我持續(xù)咳嗽已經(jīng)一個多月 了。【辨析】continual:強調(diào)重復或持續(xù)發(fā)生，但連續(xù)之間允許有間斷。adj.不間斷的，不停的Continual dropping wears away the stone. ，商水穿石。continuous:語意最強，強調(diào)在時間和空間上沒有間斷。adj,連續(xù)的，沒有中斷的We must be continuous to study.我們必須不斷學習。successive:強調(diào)事物一

2、個接一個地發(fā)生，無間斷。adj.連續(xù)的，相繼的，繼承的They have not been helped by the educational policies of successive governments. 歷屆政府的教育政策并未使他們獲益。constant:多指習慣性的重復和不變的持續(xù)。adj.始終如一的；不斷的；忠實的The weather has been constant this week.這星期的天氣很穩(wěn)定。Constant rejections made him feel worthless.不斷地遭到拒絕使他覺得一無是 處。persistent:普通用詞，可指不懈的努力

3、，也可指任何連續(xù)不斷或重復出現(xiàn)的事物。persist v.堅持,持續(xù)She persisted in her search for the truth.她執(zhí)著的追求真理。If the symptoms persist, consult your doctor.如果病癥持續(xù)不消除的話，就得去看醫(yī)生。determined adj.堅定的，堅決的，下定決心的be determined by由所決定to be determined有待決定的They determined to hold on to the last.他們決定堅持到最后。v. determine決決定optimistic adj.樂觀的

4、，樂觀主義的She is not optimistic about the outcome. 她對結(jié)果并不樂觀。pessimistic adj.悲觀的，消極的There is no reason to be pessimistic about the future. 沒有理由對未來悲觀。disciplined adj.遵守紀律的self-disciplined:自我嚴格要求的；自我要求的；自律的；嚴格自律的For me it meant being very disciplined about how I run my life.對我而言，它意味著要以非常有紀律的方式生活。discipline

5、 n.紀律；訓練；學科/ vt.訓練；懲罰retire from 從退休And David Beckham is retiring from soccer. 大衛(wèi)貝克漢姆即將退役。He took to gardening after he retired.adj. retired退休的，退役的Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.許多退休的人都以從事園藝為嗜好。n. retirement退休，退役；退休生活，隱居retirement pay / benefit 退休金 pension 養(yǎng)老金You have thought about

6、 your life in retirement?你有想過退休以后的生活嗎？leadership n.領(lǐng)導，領(lǐng)導地位，領(lǐng)導才能under the leadership of 在的領(lǐng)導之下He undertook the leadership of the team.Britain has lost her leadership in the shipbuilding industry.devotion n.奉獻，忠誠，獻身Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.The core values are credibi

7、lity, team work, diligence and devotion.我們公司的核心價值觀是老實守信、團結(jié)協(xié)作、勤奮努力和樂于奉獻。v. devote奉獻，投入devote to把.奉獻給I wanted to devote more time to my family.It cant be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem.【辨析】dedicate:正式用詞，指獻身于某一崇高事業(yè)或目的，也可指把著作題獻給他人。vt.致力，獻身She dedicated much of her life to h

8、elping children in need.devote:普通用詞，指決心把全部身心、精力、時間等獻給某一目標，某一個人或致力于某 一事業(yè)。advanced adj.先進的，高級的advanced technology 先進的技術(shù)advanced education 高等教育advanced English/mathematics 高級英語/高等數(shù)學We have both elementary and advanced training sessions.advance v.前進；開展；提出；/n.前進，進步；開展；改進in advance提前，預先make advances接近；預付；

9、取得進步Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.Weve, were making really big advances here this year.forwards adv.向前，今后put forward v.提出；拿出；放出；推舉出look forward期待；盼望brought forward 提出I can only put this one forwards, it wont go back. 我只能往前調(diào) 沒方法往后調(diào)。forward adj.向前的，迅速的/ adv.向前地He took two steps forwar

10、d.Artificial intelligence will make a huge leap forward.人工智能將產(chǎn)生巨大飛躍。collapse v.倒塌；瓦解；暴跌The roof of the old house collapsed.Their economy is teetering on the brink of collapse.他們的經(jīng)濟正搖擺于崩潰的邊緣。reference n.提及，參考；查閱；推薦信I scanned through the reference materials.Avoid any reference to his illness.refer v.提

11、及，涉及；參考，查閱refer to:參考；涉及；查閱refer to as把稱作Its unclear what exactly he was referring to.現(xiàn)在并不清楚他指的是哪件事。Its referred to as the lungs of the earth.faith n.信任，相信faith in對的信任；對有信仰；對有信心Weve lost faith in the governments promises.我們不再相信政府的承諾。【辨析】belief:普通用詞，指單純從主觀上的相信，不著重這種相信是否有根據(jù)。faith:語氣較強，強調(diào)完全相信；有時也能僅憑感覺產(chǎn)

12、生的相信。confidence:指對某人某事有充分信心，斷定不會使人失望，因而給予信任。conviction:多指根據(jù)長期交往或?qū)嵺`，對某人某事有了認識和了解后產(chǎn)生的信心和相信, 側(cè)重其堅定性。n.確信，堅定的信仰；定罪，判罪You have not the courage of your convictions.你沒有勇氣坦白成認你真正的思想。credit:語氣最弱，著重以聲譽為信任的基礎(chǔ)。trust:強調(diào)相信、信任的完全可靠。adj. faithful忠實的，忠誠的The dog is a faithful friend of man.狗是人忠實的伙伴。discipline n.訓練；懲罰

13、；紀律；學科strengthen discipline 力口強紀律He insists on discipline in the classroom.Mathematics and physics are re I ated disciplines.They are very stern in their discipline.【辨析】drill:側(cè)重進行有系統(tǒng)的，嚴格和重復的練習。n./v.鉆孔；訓練They have been doing military drills together for years.他們多年來一直在一起進行軍事演習。exercise:主要指為強壯體魄而進行的鍛煉，

14、也可指進行練習以保持已經(jīng)獲得的技巧。v.練習；運動；鍛煉 take/do exercise做運動Exercise will improve your appetite for food.practice:指把所學的理論或知識用于實踐以獲得技藝與技巧。n.練習；實踐common practice慣例，習慣做法 in practice實際上，事實上Practice is the sole criterion of truth.實踐是檢驗真理的唯一標準。training:普通用詞，泛指為從事某種職業(yè)而進行的身體或智力方面的訓練。訓練；培養(yǎng)professional training 職業(yè)訓練 trai

15、ning camp 集訓營In this profession, training and experience are of equal importance.在這個行業(yè)中，培訓和經(jīng)驗有著相等的重要性。discipline:既可指訓練又可指為到達某種熟練程度而進行的約束。v. discipline訓練；處分；約束rejection n.嫌棄；拒絕接受These feelings of rejection and hurt remain.這些遭到拒絕和傷害的感覺仍然存在。v. reject拒絕；抵抗；丟棄It lies with you to accept or reject the prop

16、osals.接受或是拒絕這些建議由你決定bitter adj.痛苦的；刺骨的；辛酸的bitter taste 苦味bitter cold 嚴寒The leaves taste rather bitter.這些葉子嘗起來相當苦。adv. bitterly痛苦地；悲憤地；苦澀地Some of them bitterly attacked their former friends.他們中有些人惡毒地攻擊他們過去的朋友。promotion n.提升，晉升；推銷sales promotion 促銷The announcement of his promotion took us all by surpr

17、ise.宣布他的提升讓我們都很感意外。label vt.標注；貼標簽；n.商標；標簽brand label品牌標簽He attached labels to all his bags.他在所有的袋子上都系上標簽。His enemies labeled the boy a thief.他的敵人把這個小孩叫做小偷。All goods should be labeled with a price.所有貨物都應該標明價格。entrance n.進入許可；入口；v.使著迷college entrance examination 高考； 大學入學考試entrance ticket門票，入場券The ent

18、rance to the lab is straight ahead.Readers were entranced by this vision.income n.收入，收益income tax所得稅low income低收入gross income 總U攵入So you have plenty of disposable income.He deceived his friends about his income.實驗室入口就在前方。此情此景讓讀者神往不已。所以你就有大把可支配收入?！尽笆杖搿薄縠arnings:實驗室入口就在前方。此情此景讓讀者神往不已。所以你就有大把可支配收入。allo

19、wance:指收入中的補貼局部。income:與earnings含義很相近，但前者強調(diào)總收入。salary:指按年定下，按月或星期平均給予的報酬，指腦力勞動者的薪水。wage:多用復數(shù)形式，指按小時、日或星期的報酬，通常指體力勞動者的工資。pay:是個通用詞，可取代salary與wage.fee:指提供某種服務收取的固定費用。He insists on discipline in the classroom.他一貫強調(diào)課堂紀律。8mmitted adj.忠誠的，堅定的，盡心盡力的be committed to致力于；委身于；以為己任They are committed socialists.他

20、們是堅定的社會主義者。They are committed to building an open global economic.他們致力于建設(shè)開放型全球經(jīng)濟。commit v.犯罪；承諾；委托commit oneself承諾，容許負責commit suicide 自殺commit a crime才口罪；孑已下罪行He would not commit himself in any way.他不愿作任何承諾。n. commitment投入，忠誠，奉獻，承諾enthusiastic adj.熱心的，熱情的enthusiastic about熱情；對熱心She gave a clear pres

21、entation, and sounded enthusiastic about the product.她的展示清晰明確，聽起來對產(chǎn)品很有熱情。be keen onambitious adj.有抱負的，雄心壯志的They are ambitious although they are poor.他們雖窮卻很有志氣。n. ambition野心，雄心；抱負，志向It had been her lifelong ambition.這是她終身追求的目標appreciative adj.欣賞的,感激的，理解的We have been very appreciative of their support

22、. 我們對他們的支持一直非常感激。v. appreciaten.appreciationinjury n傷，損害adj. injured 受傷的【辨析】hurt:普通用詞，較口語化，側(cè)重指給有生命的東西造成機體上或精神、感情上的或輕或重 的傷害。injure:較hurt正式，多用于有生命的事物。既可指傷害別人的事物。即可指傷害別人的健 康、外貌、自尊心、名譽等，又可指使別人受傷或東西受損，同時含有受傷害局部至少暫時 喪失功能的意味。wound:專指對身體的重傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)斗中受的傷，強調(diào)外部創(chuàng)傷；也可指精神方面的傷害。 harm:主要用于有生命的東西，語氣略強于injure,指引起嚴重的痛苦和損

23、傷；有時也用于 抽象事物，指造成任何不良后果。damage:通常指對無生命物體的損害，并有降低其價值，破壞其功能等的后果。disable:強調(diào)使傷殘career n.職業(yè)，事業(yè)She takes up nursing as a career. 她以看護為職業(yè)。Personally, I would give priority to career development. 我個人認為，我傾向于職業(yè)開展?！就x表達】profession9 occupation9 causecooperation n.合作，協(xié)作in cooperation with 與.合作I was trying to fost

24、er peace and cooperation. 我在試圖促進和平與合作。v. cooperate合作，協(xié)作He agreed to cooperate with the police investigation.他同意酉己合警方調(diào)查。ultimate adj.最終的；根本的；極限程度的ultimate goal終極目標Plants are the ultimate source of all foodstuffs.植物是所有食物的最終來源。adv. ultimately 最終地/eventually/ finallyfortune n.財富，運氣；命運good fortune好財運,好運；

25、順景make a fortune發(fā)財，賺大錢He made a fortune by selling houses.他靠賣房子發(fā)了財。By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她投資精明，積累 了一筆財富。adj. fortunate好運的，幸運的How fortunate that he had been able to love!他能夠去愛是多么幸運??！unfortunate adj.不幸的；令人遺憾的It was an unfortunate accident.那是一次不幸的事故。dormitory n.宿舍A dormitory is

26、 the typical dwelling of a college student.宿舍是大學生的典型住所。lodging house 宿舍，公寓；【辨析】lodging:常用lodgins,指臨時租借的房間或宿舍。accommodation:泛指各種居住住所，一般指暫時下榻之地。apartment:通常指占用或居住時間較長的成套房間，在美國比擬常用。quarters:指某一局部人集中的居住區(qū)。suite:可泛指任何設(shè)備完善的一套房間，但多指包括起居室。furniture n.家具Most of the furniture was quite tasteful.大局部家具都很高雅。guilt

27、y adj.內(nèi)疚的，有罪的guilty of:有之過錯;對感到內(nèi)疚Joe felt guilty at having deceived the family.喬因欺騙家人而感到內(nèi)疚?！颈嫖觥縞riminal:側(cè)重指某種行為是違犯法律的，因而應受到懲罰。adj.犯罪的，刑事的； n.罪犯guilty:主要指某種行為違反道德標準，也可指違犯法律。hybrid n.混合物，雜種；adj.雜種的，混合的A commercial hybrid rice plant was produced a year later.一年以后生產(chǎn)出了一株商業(yè)雜交水稻。Hybrid cars do little harm

28、to the environment.混合動力汽車對環(huán)境危害不大。devote v.奉獻，致力于devote to將奉獻給;把專用于devote oneself to 致力于； 獻身于The original intention was to devote three months to the project.最初的計劃是在這個工程上投入三個月的時間?！颈嫖觥縟edicate：正式用詞，指獻身于某一崇高事業(yè)或目的，也可指把著作題獻給他人。v.致力，獻身dedicate oneself to 專心致志Huge resources have been dedicated to the fight

29、 against the coronavirus.大量資源被用于抗擊冠狀病毒。devote:普通用詞，指決心把全部身心、精力、時間等獻給某一目標，某一個人或致力于某 一事業(yè)。n. devotionproduction n.產(chǎn)量，產(chǎn)品；生產(chǎn)，制作We are aiming at a higher production level. 我們旨在提高生產(chǎn)水平。Demand is outpacing production.需求正在超過生產(chǎn)?！颈嫖觥縨anufacture: 一般指機器大量制造的產(chǎn)品。produce:多指農(nóng)產(chǎn)品（尤指蔬菜水果等）。product: 一般指工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，也可泛指各種各樣的產(chǎn)品。p

30、roduction:含義廣泛，不同場合有不同的意思，可表示產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物，尤指人類智力或藝 術(shù)勞動的產(chǎn)品。The processing factory managed to make the most of our fresh local in the countryside.A. production B. productC. outputD. produceminimum adj.最小的，最低的；n.最小值，最低限度a minimum of至少，最少的They want to spend a minimum of both time and money.他們想花費最少的時間和錢。Costs s

31、hould be kept to a minimum,本錢應保持在最低限度。maximum adj.最大值的；n,最大值You can renew any item a maximum of three times.任何東西最多可 以續(xù)借三次。reject v.拒絕，抵抗，丟棄It lies with you to accept or reject the proposals.接受或是拒絕這些建議由你決定。contract n.合約，契約He mailed me the contract.【辨析】agreement:普通用詞，含義最確定，泛指個人、團體或國家之間取得一致而達成的任何協(xié) 議、協(xié)定

32、或合同、契約等，可以是口頭的，也可以是書面的。contract:側(cè)重指雙方或多方訂立的具有法律效力的正式的書面合同或契約。treaty:指國家之間經(jīng)外交談判后依照國際法簽訂的正式條約。convention:比treaty更專門化，但不及treaty正式。也可指國家之間就有關(guān)事情簽訂的條 約。bargain:通常指商業(yè)交往中的購銷合同。understanding:指不具約束力的非正式的協(xié)議。accord:多指國際間的非正式協(xié)議。contract n.感染，訂約distraction n.注意力分散，心煩意亂Keep your focus and avoid the distractions.Th

33、e children are driving me to distraction today.今天孩子們鬧得我心煩意亂。v. distract轉(zhuǎn)移,分心distract from 轉(zhuǎn)移；使從分心It was another attempt to distract attention from the truth.這又是企圖分散人們對事實真相的注意力。convince v.使信服；說服convince by通過使人相信convince sb of sth使某人信服某事She utterly failed to convince them.她根本沒有說服他們。We dont need to be

34、convinced of anything we dont already know.也無需認同任何我們尚不知曉的道理。They convinced the teacher by what they have done.他們以實際行動換取了 老師的信任。adj. convincing令人信月艮的convincing evidenceadj. convinced確信的.深信的【辨析】persuade:普通用詞，指通過勸說、感情交流等而使對方做勸說者所希望的事。v.說服，勸告persuade sb to do sth勸說某人做某事persuade sb of sth使某人相信;使某人信服 How

35、can I persuade you to keep off alcohol?urge:語氣強，指不斷地熱情地規(guī)勸誘導。convince:指憑行動、事實或言語使他人從思想感情上信服。strivev,努力，奮斗；抗爭 (strove/striven)strive for爭取，奮斗strive to develop努力開展；大力開展strive against 對抗strive for freedom 力爭自由Strive for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最壞的打算，爭取最好的結(jié)果。You should always strive to achieve

36、more, however well you have done before.不管以前做得多么好，你應該始終爭取更大的進步【辨析】attempt：較正式用詞，側(cè)重已經(jīng)開始，且希望完成，但常隱含著不一定有預期的結(jié)果。try:普通用詞，可與attempt換用，但強調(diào)努力或嘗試，后跟不定式表示努力或爭??；后跟 動名詞表示嘗試。endeavour:正式用詞，指盡最大努力、認真地克服困難去做某事。v./n.竭力，盡力They could not do it, despite their best endeavours.We must always endeavour to improve our wo

37、rk.strive:和endeavour一樣，表示付出巨大努力，但strive側(cè)重勞累與緊張，而不強調(diào)努力的 結(jié)果。entryn.入口；進入；登記；條目The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把切開支入貝長。You can leave your umbrella in the entry.你可以把傘放在入 口處。【辨析】entrance:含義廣泛，作進入解時，可用于許多場合；作入口解時，指有門或欄的入口 處。entry:強調(diào)正式地、禮儀地進入。用作入口解時，多指房門、院門、門廊等。 admittance:指許可進入某地或某建筑物。admissi

38、on:指被允許進入某公共場所或建筑物的權(quán)利，也指進入某一組織。academic adj.學術(shù)的，學院的；理論的 academic conference學術(shù)會議，研討會 academic journal學術(shù)期刊，學術(shù)刊物 The academic year is divided into two terms.Their academic standards are high.ruin v.毀壞，破壞；n.廢墟 in ruins成為廢墟地震之后，這座城市成為一片廢墟。地震之后，這座城市成為一片廢墟。地震之后，這座城市成為一片廢墟。The city lay in ruins after the ea

39、rthquake. His enemies are determined to ruin him.地震之后，這座城市成為一片廢墟。【辨析】break:普通用詞，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破壞，可指有形或無形的破壞。destroy:多指徹底地、毀滅性地破壞，含導致無用，不能或很難再修復的意味。ruin:多指因外部原因而受到嚴重破壞或毀滅，側(cè)重破壞的徹底性，也可用于引申意義。wreck:側(cè)重指船只、車輛、房屋等受到嚴重破壞或完全毀壞，也可指計劃、健康受到損害。damage:多指對無生命物體的損害，造成降低價值、破壞功能等后果。spoil:強調(diào)不僅會削弱力量、精力或價值，而且會導致不可防止的毀滅。v

40、.損壞，毀壞；溺愛，寵壞They spoil their only grandson very much,他們非常寵愛他們惟一的孫子。I wouldnt want to spoil your fun.我不想掃你的興。Skip V.蹦跳；略過，跳過It is important not to skip meals.重要的是，不能不吃飯。When I read the novel I skipped these dry passages of description.我讀這本小說的時候跳過了這幾段毫無趣味的描寫。defensive adj.防衛(wèi)的，防御的Defensive means protec

41、ting yourself from criticism or attack.防御是指保護自己免收批評或攻擊。intensity n.強度，強烈；（感情的）強烈程度The pain increased in intensity.疼痛越來越劇烈。I didnt realize the intensity of peoples feelings on this issue.我沒有意識到這一問題能引起群情激奮。adj. intense強烈的，緊張的，熱情的intense competition 激烈的競爭sacrifice v.犧牲；n.獻祭,舍身；供奉at the sacrifice of以犧牲為

42、代價He sacrificed his life to save the drowning child.他為拯救落水的孩子而獻出自己的生命。He gave his life as a sacrifice for his country.他為國犧牲了。hire v.租用，雇用/ n.租用，雇用；租金，工錢The person you hired has exceeded your expectations.你聘用的人超過了你的預期。The price includes the hire of the hall.【辨析】hire:多指短期租用。在英國一般指租用車、船。lease:指按照租約租出或租

43、用房屋、土地或其它不動產(chǎn)。v.出租；n.租約，租期，租賃物They lease the land from a local farmer.他們從當?shù)匾晃晦r(nóng)場主手中租得這塊土地。The lease plainly states that all damage must be paid for.租約明確規(guī)定，一切損壞必須賠償。rent:在英國指較長時間租出或租入房屋、商店或土地；而在美國指長時間或短時期租用各 種資產(chǎn)以及日用東西。n.租金；/ v.出租，租借，租用我已租了房子，并交了租金。I have rented a house and paid the rent.我已租了房子，并交了租金。le

44、t:尤指出租房屋或地產(chǎn)等。v.出租charter:指承租大型運輸工具，如飛機、輪船、大客車以及火車等。v.特許，包租； n.憲章，執(zhí)照royal charter皇家憲章（英國法律）This travel firm specializes in charter flights.這家旅游公司專營包機業(yè)務。enormous adj.巨大的，龐大的China has had enormous success in beating down its epidemic.在戰(zhàn)勝疫情上，中國已經(jīng)取得巨大勝利?！颈嫖觥縣uge:含義廣，強調(diào)體積或容積的龐大。也可用于引申意義。enormous:指體積、數(shù)量或程度

45、遠遠超過一般標準。immense:正式用詞，側(cè)重空間的廣闊，也指面積或分量的巨大。adj.巨大的，極大的他對國家的貢獻非常大。他對國家的貢獻非常大。他對國家的貢獻非常大。His services to the country were immense.他對國家的貢獻非常大。giant:非正式用詞，多為褒義。指如巨人般的龐大體積。n.巨人，偉人；adj.巨大的，特大的Once upon a time there was a giant with two heads. 從前有個兩頭巨人。gigantic:指面積或體積的巨大，但多用于引申意義。colossal:側(cè)重尺寸、規(guī)模和體積的無比巨大。vas

46、t:多指空間、面積、范圍的巨大，不涉及重量。massive:指大的體積、數(shù)量和重量，側(cè)重龐大而笨重。tremendous:指某物很大，大得驚人；也可用作引申意義。length n.長度；時間的長短at length最后，終于，詳細地in length 長度a length of 一段It is about a metre in length.它大約有一米長。In addition, the length of a nap offers different benefits.除此之外，小睡時間長短不同帶來的好處也不一樣。v. lengthen使延長,加長In summer, the daylight hour lengthens. 夏天, 白天的時間長。apart adj.分開的，