專業(yè)英語環(huán)境工程教案

1、專業(yè)英語（環(huán)境工程）授課設(shè)計(jì)Unit1ThePopulationExplosion要求：1、認(rèn)識人口爆炸是此刻世界面對的一個重要問題，以及致令人口爆炸的原因。、認(rèn)識人口爆炸所帶來的問題以及對付方法。ISomewordsandexpressions1.populationexplosion人口爆炸2.birthratesanddeathrate出生率合死亡率3.food,clothingandshelter衣食住行4familyplanning計(jì)劃生育Morethantwo-thirdsofthepeopleintheworldliveinthecountriesthathaveprograms

2、forfamilyplanning.世界三分之二以上人口的國家都實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育政策。Questions1Pointoutthereasonsthatcausepopulationexplosion.Thenumberofbirthsisgreaterthanbefore.Peoplecanlivelonger.Todayourpopulationissixbillion.Howmanyyearswillittaketoreacheightbillioniftheworldpopulationincreasedatarateofeightymillion?A.2.5yearB.25yC.250yH

3、owmanymeasurescanbetakentosolvetheproblemsthatarecausedbylargepopulationgatheringinbigcities?Lowerbirthrate_familyplanImprovefoodsupplyLimitthesizeofcitiesandencouragepeopletoliveinsmalltownsandinthecountryside.Unit2EffectsofNoise授課要求：1、認(rèn)識噪聲的特點(diǎn)及本源。、認(rèn)識噪聲的危害和控制技術(shù)。授課內(nèi)容：1、puretone純音（頻率單一）2、sound-pressur

4、elevel聲壓級，聲壓的分貝標(biāo)度叫做聲壓級（LP）LP20lg(P/P0),P待測聲壓P0基準(zhǔn)聲壓，人耳能察覺的最低聲壓3、octavebands1倍頻程log2(f2/f1)=1。f2、f1噪聲監(jiān)測終所用濾波器（等比帶寬濾波器）的上下截止頻率。1倍頻程簡稱倍頻程，在音樂上稱為一個八度。4、Whatissound?Thatwhichweheariscalledsound.5、Thecharacteristicsofsoundare:speed,pitch(determinedbyfrequency),energy,wavelengthandsoundpower.6、Noise:undesir

5、ablesoundThedefinitionofnoiseisvariable.7、Theinstrumentthatmeasuressoundisdecibelmeter,andascaleofsuchiscalledadecibel(dB).(1)ZerodBrepresentsthesoftestsoundthatisaudibletothehumanear.(2)dB=10lg(I/I),I0isthefaintestaudiblesoundandIistherealsound0wemeasured.8、Intensity:聲強(qiáng)（I），每秒鐘經(jīng)過與聲波流傳方向垂直的面積上的平均聲能。9

6、、Soundpressure:聲壓（P），聲源震動時，它所輻射出的能量會引起空氣介質(zhì)的壓力變化。10、Noisecontrolcanbedoneinreducingnoisesource,interruptingthepathoftransmission,orprotectingthereceiver.(1)Sourcereducing:a.Modifytechnologicalapproachessoastoaccomplishgivenobjectivesmorequietly.b.Usingthemachinesthatworkquietly.(2)Transmissionpathint

7、erruptinga.Choosingmaterialsthatvibrateveryinefficientlytoconvertthesoundenergyintoheat.(thatis,usingacousticalmaterials)b.Usingmufflersc.deflectingthesoundpathawayfromthereceiverd.personaldefense:holdourhandsoverourears;useearplugsandmuffs;goaway;rotatingassignmentsUnit3ThermalPollution授課要求：1、認(rèn)識能源的

8、耗資以及由此引起的環(huán)境污染問題。2、認(rèn)識熱污染對水體生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞作用。授課內(nèi)容：1.Energyconsumptionalwaysaccompanywithenvironmentalpollutionanddisruption.Humanisinadilemmabetweenpreservingtheamenitiesofcivilizationandsimultaneouslyimprovingthequalityandcleanlinessoftheplanet.3.Inordertoconservetheenergysuppliesandreducetheenvironmentalpo

9、llution,reducingenergyconsumptionmaybeuseful,butithasnotbeenparticularlyeffectiveinrecentyears.4.Scientistsaremakingeffortonimprovingandextendingtechnologicalmethodsofreducingenergyconsumptionandcontrollingpollution,thuswecanmaintainourlife-styles.Butthisneedssomecompromisesamongtechnical,socialande

10、conomicalchanges.5.Largequantitiesofheataddedtoaquaticsystemswillcauseecologicaldisruptionthermalpollution.6.Theincreaseintemperaturecausedbythermalpollutionresultinspeedingupoftheaquaticorganisms,anditsneedforoxygenanditsrateofrespirationthereforerise.Becausetheconcentrationofdissolvedoxygendecreas

11、esinhotwater,fishesareeasytobekilledduetoshortageofoxygen.7.Theeffectoftemperaturerises:a.Highertemperatureoftenprovetobemorehospitalforpathogenicorganisms,andthermalpollutionmaythereforeconvertalowincidenceoffishdiseasetoamassivedishkillasthepathogenicbecomemorevirulentandthefishlessresistant.b.Sin

12、cesewagedecompositionisdependentonoxygen,riverswithhotwaterarelessabletocleansethemselvesthancoldones.c.Thecombinationofthermalpollutionwithincreasednutrientsfromundecomposedsewagecanleadtorapidandexcessivealgaegrowth.d.Syntheticpoisonsbecomemoredangeroustofishasthewatertemperaturerrises.Unit4Aerobi

13、cWastewaterTreatmentIDesignCriteria1、sludgebulking污泥膨脹2、topography地勢、地形學(xué)3、percolationrate濾過速度4、twoaerobicsystems:suspendedgrowth,fixedfilmDifferences:thestateofmicroorganismsforthebreakdownofwastes.5、inertmedium惰性介質(zhì)6、designguideline設(shè)計(jì)原則、設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)7、proprietarydevice特地的設(shè)備II.Configuration1、Theconfigurationo

14、fatypicalaerobictreatmentunitsincludestheaerationcompartment,settlingchamber(pretreatmentcompartment)Capacityoftreatment:1514-5678litersperdayPretreatmentAim：toremovegrease,trash,garagegrindsb.SophisticatedflowdampeningdevicesV.Methodofaeration1、ruleofthumb依照經(jīng)驗(yàn)的做法；經(jīng)驗(yàn)得來的法規(guī)2、aerationtank曝氣池、mixingorpu

15、mpingVI.Biomassseparation1、Carifier2、Upflowclarifierdeviceshasbeenusedtoimprovebiomassseparation.Attentionmustbegiventothedesignsweirandbaffles.3、FiltrationdevicesVII.ControlsandalarmsDestination:todetectmechanicalbreakdownandtocontroltheoperationofelectricalcomponents.VIII.Additionconstructionfeatu

16、res1、appurtenance2、galvanizedsteel隸屬物、隸屬設(shè)備鍍鋅鋼板3、mover建議人、倡導(dǎo)人、創(chuàng)辦人VIIIIPerformance1、hydraulicandsolidretentiontimes(SRT)水力和固體停留時間2、detritus風(fēng)化土礫（自巖石零散的碎砂石）3、influentfactorforperformancehydraulicretentiontimeandSRTdissolvedoxygenconcentrationwastewatercharacteristicstemperature4、nitrification硝化作用Unit5In

17、situGroundWaterBioremediation1.Definition:In-situgroundeaterbioremediationisatechnologythatencouragesgrowthandreproductionofindigenousmicroorganismstoenhancebiodegradationoforganicconstituentsinsaturatedzone.原位地下水生物修復(fù)技術(shù)是在飽和區(qū)哪，生物降解的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)。利用原有微生物的生長和生殖來增強(qiáng)有機(jī)組分2Application(1)forthefullrangeofpetroleumhyd

18、rocarbons(2)becombinedwithothersaturatedzoneremedialtechnologiesandvadosezoneremedialoperations.OperationPrinciplesmitigate緩和、減少smear弄臟，涂污vadose地下水位線以下bioventingupgradientinfiltrationgalleryclosed-loop閉環(huán)路、閉合回路(8)Bioremediationgenerallyrequiresamechanismforstimulatingandmaintainingtheactivityofthemic

19、roorganisms.deliverysystem:anelectronacceptor(oxygen,nitrate)nutrients(N,P)energysource(carbon)Systemdesign(1)In-situbioremediationcanbeimplementedaerobic,anoxic,anaerobicandco-metabolic.(2)aliphatichydrocarbons:脂肪烴aromatichydrocarbons:芳香烴(3)chlorinatedsolvent:含氯的溶劑infourtreatmentmodes:hydrogenperox

20、ide：過氧化氫（雙氧水）Keyparameter:hydraulicconductivityoftheaquiferbiodegradabilityofthepetroleumconstituentsc.locationofpetroleumcontaminationinthesubsurface(6)silt淤泥clayey多粘土的(7)stratification:成層；分層地層stratum(pl.strata):地層，層(8)recalcitrant抗?fàn)幍?，固?zhí)的In-situGroundwaterbioremediationAcitizensGuidetoBioremediatio

21、n1.WhatisBioremediation?Bioremediationallowsnaturalprocessestocleanupharmfulchemicalsintheenvironment.Harmfulchemicalsmicrobewater+harmlessgases2.Howdoesitwork?Conditions:allowthemicrobestogrowandmultiplyConditionmodification:pumpair,nutrients,orothersubstances,righttemperature,digup,stir.Isbioremed

22、iationsafe?Bioremediationisverysafe.(1)Itreliesonmicrobesthatnaturallyoccurinsoil.Thesemicrobesarehelpfulandposenothreattopeopleatthesiteorinthecommunity.(2)Nodangerouschemicalareusedinbioremediation.Howlongwillittake?typesandamountsofharmfulchemicalspresent.Sizeanddepthofthepollutedarea.Typeofsoila

23、ndtheconditionspresent(4)Whethercleanupoccursabovegroundorunderground-fromafewmonthstoevenseveralyearsWhyusebioremediation?Pollutedsoilandgroundeatercanbecleanedatthesitewithouthavingtomovethemsomewhereelse.safeBioremediationdoesnotrequireasmuchequipmentorlaborasmostothermethods.cheapUnit6TakingToxi

24、csOutoftheAirIntroductionTheairwebreathevanbecontaminatedwithpollutantsfromfactories,vehicles,powerplantandmanyothersourcesHarmfuleffects:onpeopleshealthandenvironmentFactorsoftheimpact:quality,duration,potency,toxicityofthechemicals,frequency,personsstate,etc.WhatAreToxicAirPollutants?Toxicairpollutantsarethosepollutantsthatareknownorsuspectedtocausecancerorothersolutionhealtheffect,ortocauseadverseenvironmentaleffects.WhereDoAirToxicsComeFrom?Mobilesources:cars,buses,trucksManm