數(shù)字與口譯課件

1、數(shù)字與口譯數(shù)字與口譯數(shù)字向來(lái)是口譯過(guò)程中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。主要難點(diǎn)存在于以下幾個(gè)方面：1. 表達(dá)方法不同漢語(yǔ)：十，百，千，萬(wàn)，十萬(wàn)，百萬(wàn)，千萬(wàn)，億，十億英語(yǔ)：ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand, hundred thousand, million, ten million, hundred million, billion2. 基本數(shù)字單位不同漢語(yǔ)：基本數(shù)字單位是“萬(wàn)”和“億”。英語(yǔ)：基本數(shù)字單位是thousand和million.數(shù)字與口譯3. 數(shù)字間轉(zhuǎn)換要求高相當(dāng)熟悉兩種數(shù)字表達(dá)，不允許任何形式的誤差和偏失。4.記憶力要求高在對(duì)數(shù)字處理技巧要求高的同時(shí)，要求

2、超強(qiáng)的記憶力，從而保證源語(yǔ)言信息的完整無(wú)缺。尤其是當(dāng)數(shù)字在口譯過(guò)程中紛涌而來(lái)時(shí)，帶來(lái)巨大壓力，往往造成錯(cuò)譯或者延時(shí)。數(shù)字與口譯實(shí)踐：在口譯過(guò)程中，遇到任何數(shù)字都要用筆記下來(lái)。但是漢語(yǔ)以萬(wàn)為單位，也就是每四位為一個(gè)單位，而英語(yǔ)以千為單位，也就是每三位為一個(gè)單位。所以，通常在口譯的實(shí)踐過(guò)程中，譯者比較推崇的是“點(diǎn)三杠四”的方法來(lái)處理聽到的數(shù)字，即“點(diǎn)”代表英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，“杠”代表漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)。數(shù)字與口譯1、基數(shù)表達(dá)法2,006兩千零六two thousand six (AmE);two thousand and six (BrE)3/6,542三萬(wàn)六千五百四十二thirty-six thousand, f

3、ive hundred forty-two (AmE)Thirty-six thousand, five hundred and forty-two (BrE)22,45/6,780兩千兩百四十五萬(wàn)六千七百八十twenty-two million, four hundred fifty-six thousand, seven hundred eighty (AmE)twenty-two million, four hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and eighty (BrE)67,000,000,000六百七十億Sixty-seve

4、n billion (AmE)Sixty-seven thousand million (BrE)數(shù)字與口譯3、小數(shù)點(diǎn)表達(dá)法0.9零點(diǎn)九point nine; zero/naught/oh point nine0.0007%百分之零點(diǎn)零零零七zero/naught/oh point 000 seven percent0.88萬(wàn)零點(diǎn)八八萬(wàn)8,800 or eight thousand eight hundred數(shù)字與口譯4、小數(shù)與“萬(wàn)”“億”的結(jié)合法萬(wàn)：ten thousand億：hundred million0.23萬(wàn)=0.23ten thousand=2.3 thousand or 2300

5、= two thousand three hundred4.39萬(wàn)=43.9 thousand or 43,900= forty-three thousand nine hundred9.2億=920 million or 920,000,000= nine hundred twenty million23.6億=2360 million or 2,360,000,000= two billion three hundred sixty million數(shù)字與口譯6、不確定數(shù)目(1) 大約“about, around, approximately, roughly, some, more or

6、less+數(shù)字 ”或“數(shù)字+or so, thereabout, in the rough”(2) 至少“l(fā)ess than, fewer than, under, below, within +數(shù)字” (3) 數(shù)十，數(shù)百等“數(shù)詞+of”數(shù)十、幾十：tens of (20-99),dozens of (24-99), scores of (40-99), decades of (20-99)數(shù)百、幾百、成百：hundreds of, several hundreds of, several hundred, by the hundred數(shù)千、幾千、成千：thousands of, severa

7、l thousands of, several thousand, by the thousand數(shù)萬(wàn)、幾萬(wàn)：tens of thousands of數(shù)十萬(wàn)： hundreds of thousands of數(shù)百萬(wàn)： millions of數(shù)千萬(wàn)： tens of millions of數(shù)億： hundreds of millions of數(shù)十億： billions of數(shù)字與口譯7、數(shù)字與意義的結(jié)合（1）量amount/volume、數(shù)number總數(shù) total amount/volume總量 total number進(jìn)口總量 total import amount/volume水資源總量

8、 the amount of the water resource（2）值value、額volume國(guó)民/內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GNP/GDP Gross National/Domestic Product） 工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值 total industrial output value （3）收入 earnings, income, revenue總收入 aggregate/gross income/earnings/revenue凈收入 net income（4）率rate、比率ratio、比重proportion、指數(shù)index失業(yè)率 unemployment rate 增長(zhǎng)率 growth rate通貨

9、膨脹率 inflation rate負(fù)債比率 debt ratio 性別比率 sex ratio消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù) Consumer Price Index生活費(fèi)指數(shù) cost-of-living index數(shù)字與口譯8、度量衡（1）面積和尺寸（2）體積和容積（3）重量（4）貨幣（5）其他（物理、化學(xué)等）數(shù)字與口譯10、數(shù)字的變化趨勢(shì)（1）表示“穩(wěn)定”的詞level off 達(dá)到平衡 remain stable 保持平穩(wěn)stay at保持在 freeze 凍結(jié) stagnate停滯（2）表示“增、減”或“漲、跌”一類增: rise, go up, grow, increase/ a rise, an

10、 increase 猛增: hike, jump, shoot up, soar, skyrocket, surge/ a hike, a surge, a jump 緩增: climb, pick up/ a climb, be on the increase/ rise創(chuàng)新高: hit a record high/ scale new heights/ reach the peak降: fall, go down, drop, reduce, decline, decrease/ a fall, a drop, a reduction, a decline, a decrease猛降: p

11、lummet, plunge, slash, tumble/ a plunge稍降: dip, slip, trim/ a dip緩降: de on the decline/ decrease創(chuàng)新低、跌入谷底: hit a record low/ hit the bottom（3）表示“超出、超過(guò)”一類exceed, outnumber, outtake, outpace, outstrip, surpass.（4）與上述詞匯連用的相關(guān)介詞：of, by, to, at, over等數(shù)字與口譯11、倍數(shù)、比較等（1）倍數(shù)增加 A 是B的N倍。或A比大倍。 A is N times as gre

12、at (long, much,)as B. A is N times greater (longer, more,)than B. A is N times the size (length, amount,)of B. 增加到倍?；蛟黾颖?。 increase to N times increase N times / N-fold increase by N times increase by a factor of N There is a N-fold increase/ growth增至N倍，或增加N-1倍 Double(增加1倍)，Treble/triple（增加2倍），quadru

13、ple(增加3倍)（2）倍數(shù)減少 A is N times as small (light, slow,) as B. A is N times smaller (lighter, slower,) as B. decrease N times/ n-fold decrease by N times decrease by a factor of NDecrease 常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down 等詞代替 there is a N-fold decrease/ reduction應(yīng)譯為 減至1/N, z或者減少(N-1)/N數(shù)字與口譯2、群眾性體育活動(dòng)蓬勃展開

14、，競(jìng)技體育屢創(chuàng)佳績(jī)。五年間，在重大國(guó)際比賽中共獲得485個(gè)世界冠軍，創(chuàng)造世界記錄193次。北京申辦2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)獲得成功，上海贏得2010年世界博覽會(huì)舉辦權(quán)。Mass sports enlivened the whole country. Chinese athletes did well in competitive sports. In the past five years, they won 485 world titles and set193 new world records in major international competitions. Beijing won th

15、e bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games, and Shanghai secured the right to host the 2010 World Exposition.數(shù)字與口譯3、四年來(lái)，國(guó)家財(cái)政用于科技的投入累計(jì)2500億元，比前四年增長(zhǎng)一倍多。全國(guó)研究與實(shí)驗(yàn)開發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)，從1998年的509億元增加到2002年的1161億元，占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重從0.64%提高到1.13%。The central government spent a total of 250 billion yuan on science and technology, more th

16、an double the figure for the previous four years. Spending on research and development nationwide increased from 50.9 billion yuan in 1998 to 116.1 billion yuan in 2002, an increase from 0.64% to 1.13% in terms of the GDP share.數(shù)字與口譯4、Our GDP rose from 7.4 trillion yuan in 1997 to 10.2 trillion yuan

17、 in 2002, an average annual increase of 7.7%, when calculated in constant price.國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值從1997年的7.4萬(wàn)億元增加到2002年的10.2萬(wàn)億元，按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算，平均每年增長(zhǎng)7.7%。數(shù)字與口譯5、More than 3 million children have health insurance now, and more than 7 million Americans have been lifted out of poverty. Our economy is breaking records, wi

18、th more than 22 million new jobs, the lowest unemployment in 30 years, the highest home/apartment ownership ever, the longest expansion in history.已有300多萬(wàn)兒童在享受著兒童醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，700多萬(wàn)人民已經(jīng)脫離了貧困線。我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)正在破著一個(gè)又一個(gè)的記錄。我們已創(chuàng)造了2200萬(wàn)個(gè)新的工作崗位，我們的失業(yè)率是30年來(lái)最低的，老百姓的購(gòu)房率達(dá)到一個(gè)空前的高度，我們經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的持續(xù)時(shí)間是歷史上最長(zhǎng)的。數(shù)字與口譯6、Our families and commu

19、nities are stronger. Thirty-five million Americans have used the Family Leave Law; 8 million have moved off welfare. Crime is at a 25-year low. Over 10 million people receive more college aid, and more people than ever are going to college.我們的家庭、我們的社區(qū)變得更加強(qiáng)大。3500萬(wàn)人曾經(jīng)享受聯(lián)邦休假，800萬(wàn)人重新獲得社會(huì)保障，犯罪率是25年來(lái)最低的，1000多萬(wàn)人民享受更多的入學(xué)貸款，更多的人接受大學(xué)教育。數(shù)字與口譯7、Institutions of higher learning have enrolled more students every year since 1999, and the admission rate for those taking