USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度課件

1、American Presidential ElectionPrepared by: MayAmerican Presidential ElectionStart with the Constitution(憲法) quadrennial The Election Day is the Tuesday between November 2nd and 8th(the last one: Nov. 4th 2008;the next one : Nov 6th, 2012）Candidates for President and Vice-President Run Together. (In

2、most cases, the presidential candidate select a vice-presidential candidate himself.)The Constitution states that suffrage cannot be denied on grounds of race ,color,sex or age.Basic introductionStart with the Constitution(憲法ContentPresidential Job DescriptionPresidential Election SystemProcess of p

3、residential electionFactors influencing turnoutNegative impact of American presidential electionWhat we can learn from American presidential electionContentTerms:No more than two terms or ten yearsUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度課件Rewards of president$200,000 a yearLiving in White HouseCamp David as a retrea

4、tFleets of aircraft and carsA generous pensionMoney for an office and staff after retirementPresidential Job DescriptionPresidential Job Description黨間領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國內(nèi)政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對外政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)軍事能力象征性的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)黨間領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國內(nèi)政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對外政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)軍事能力象征性的（四） 總統(tǒng)選舉程序提名程序(nomination process)總統(tǒng)候選人競選正式選舉(general election)primary elction黨的全國代表大會proc

5、edureFebJuneJulyAugSepNovDecnext Jan選舉人投票(electoral voting) 12月份第二個星期三后的第一個星期一 大選日選民投票(voting on Election Day) 11月份第一個星期一后的第一個星期二 國會兩院聯(lián)席會議上計票(electoral votes counting) 、宣布大選結(jié)果declare election results1月20日宣誓就職nomination（1）1790-1824年的國會黨團會議提名制（2）1831-1968年的全國代表大會提名制（3）1968年至今的預(yù)選提名制（四） 總統(tǒng)選舉程序提名程序(nomin

6、ation procPresidential Election SystemElections for President and Vice President of the United States are indirect elections in which voters cast ballots for a slate of electors of the U.S. Electoral College, who in turn directly elect the President and Vice President. Presidential Election SystemEl

7、Most state laws establish a winner-take-all system, wherein the ticket that wins a plurality of votes wins all of that states allocated electoral votes, and thus has their slate of electors chosen to vote in the Electoral College. Presidential Election SystemTotal electoral votes: 538 Candidate gets

8、 more than 270 win the electionMost state laws establish a wi“Winner-take-all”Exceptions: Maine and NebraskaWhere would you focus your energy and campaign the hardest?“Winner-take-all”Exceptions: M08年美國選舉人分布08年美國選舉人分布538 electors100Senators435Congressmen3 electors The District of Columbia535Represen

9、tatives in Congress538 electors1004353 electors 550 states 538Senate 100House of Representatives 435Colombia DC 3選舉人和選舉人團制 美國憲法第二條第一款規(guī)定：每州應(yīng)依照該議會所定方式選派選舉人若干人，其數(shù)目同該州在國會應(yīng)有的參議員和眾議員總?cè)藬?shù)相等，但參議員或眾議員，或在合眾國屬下?lián)斡胸?zé)任或有薪金職務(wù)的人，不得被選派為選舉人。由各州選派的選舉人組成選舉人團。 由選舉人團投票,如得票數(shù)超過選舉人總數(shù)的一半，即當(dāng)選為總統(tǒng)，這就是選舉人團制。 50 states 538Senate 1

10、00House4.General Election 全國選舉5.inaug-uration總統(tǒng)就職儀式Process of presidential election4.General Election 全國選舉5.inaugEach state has its own electorsEach state starts to conduct popular elections to choose their slate of electors: indirect election system. Each party has its own electoral college(選舉委員會）大

11、規(guī)模的Each state has its own electorThe electors from Each State make up the Electoral College“The major political parties will officially hold its presidential nominating conventions. In this nominating conventions, The “Electoral College” Votes for the President. Normally ,the candidate for president

12、 receiving the majority(50%) of the electoral votes is the elected president.IndirectDirectIndirectDirectThe candidates of the major parties will go to many states to win the supporters by means of ：campaigning trips to different statesaddressing TV speechesshowing on TV debates. These media tools p

13、lay an important role in running(宣傳造勢） . This process costs lots. The candidates of the major pa總統(tǒng)大選電視辯論2012 第一場總統(tǒng)大選電視辯論2012 第一場turnout in 2008Maccine admited his failure Obama won the electionturnout in 2008Maccine admitedNational Representatives Conference After National Representatives Conference

14、, someone is elected as partys official candidate They began tointroducetheir own partys political claims their own political programmes votersgive promises Serve the peoplevotersget more support National Representatives Confe二、打造形象（04年為例） 1. beautify oneself2.try to deglamorize their opponents二、打造形

15、象（04年為例） 1. beautify onesTime: the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November ; Purpose: select electors; Time: the first Tuesday after 5. Inauguration: January in the next year5. Inauguration: January in thUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度課件Factors influencing turnoutSatisfactionQuality of campaigns: l

16、ack of real issues; negative advertisingFrequency and length of electionsFrequent public pollsMuch coverage by the mediaTroublesome registering processFactors influencing turnoutNegative Impact of American presidential electionVery costly and money consuming campaign; 2008 election cost more than 1

17、billion USDNegative Impact of American pIn the fierce competition, a lot of immoral trick has been used; personal attacks and defame are always been used in the campaignNegative Impact of American presidential electionNegative Impact of American pThe existing election system make it difficult for other third party ( except Democratic and Public) to be elected. Negative Impact of American presidential electionNega