Oracle基礎(chǔ)知識-第三講

1、第三講管理ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫二零一零年六月目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)此章章，需要要掌握以以下知識識:啟停Enterprise ManagerDatabaseControl啟停OracleListener啟停OracleDatabase10g了解數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)庫日志志文件和和初始化化參數(shù)文文件管理架構(gòu)構(gòu)ORACLE10G數(shù)據(jù)庫的的管理架架構(gòu)由三三部分組組成：數(shù)據(jù)實例例Listener管理工具具DatabaseControlManagement agent (when using GridControl)ListenerDatabaseControlManagementagentManagement interface-o

2、r-啟停DatabaseControl$ emctl start dbconsoleTZsettoUS/PacificOracleEnterpriseManager 10gDatabaseControl Release.0Copyright(c) 1996, 2004Oracle Corporation.All rightsreserved.http:/edrsr9p1.us.:5500/em/console/aboutApplicationStartingOracleEnterpriseManager 10gDatabaseControl .started.-Logs are

3、generatedindirectory /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/_orcl/sysman/log$ emctl stopdbconsoleTZsettoUS/PacificOracleEnterpriseManager 10gDatabaseControl Release.0Copyright(c) 1996, 2004Oracle Corporation.All rightsreserved.http:/edrsr9p1.us.:5500/em/console/aboutApplicationStoppingOracleEnt

4、erpriseManager 10gDatabaseControl .Stopped.訪問DatabaseControlSYSOPER和SYSDBADatabaseHome Page改變Listener狀態(tài)啟動和停停止ClickAdvancedOptions to selectstartupoptions andshutdownmode啟動數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)庫NOMOUNTOPENMOUNTNOMOUNTSHUTDOWNInstancestartedSTARTUP啟動數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)庫MOUNTOPENMOUNTNOMOUNTSHUTDOWNControl fileopened forthis instanceIn

5、stancestartedSTARTUPSHUTDOWN啟動數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)庫OPENOPENMOUNTNOMOUNTSHUTDOWNAllfilesopened as describedbythecontrolfile forthis instanceControl fileopened forthis instanceInstancestartedSTARTUPSHUTDOWN停止數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)庫Shutdownmode:A =ABORTI =IMMEDIATET =TRANSACTIONALN =NORMALANoNoNoNoTNoNoYesYesINoNoNoYesShutdownModeAllowne

6、wconnectionsWait until currentsessionsendWait until currenttransactions endForcea checkpointand close filesNNoYesYesYesSHUTDOWN選項此種方式式停止:數(shù)據(jù)緩沖沖區(qū)的內(nèi)內(nèi)容已經(jīng)經(jīng)寫回數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)文件件未提交事事務(wù)進(jìn)行行回滾資源被釋釋放此種方式式啟動:無須進(jìn)行行實例恢恢復(fù)DuringSHUTDOWNNORMALorSHUTDOWNTRANSACTIONALorSHUTDOWNIMMEDIATEConsistent database(cleandatabase)SHUTDOWN選項此

7、種方式式停止:更改后的的數(shù)據(jù)緩緩沖區(qū)未未寫回數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)文件件未提交事事務(wù)未進(jìn)進(jìn)行回滾滾此種方式式啟動:聯(lián)機(jī)日志志文件用用來進(jìn)行行前滾回滾段用用來進(jìn)行行未提交交事務(wù)的的回滾資源被釋釋放DuringSHUTDOWNABORTorInstanceFailureorSTARTUP FORCEInconsistentdatabase(dirtydatabase)spfiledb01.ora初始化參參數(shù)文件件初始化參參數(shù)文件件（續(xù)）一般放在在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs(Unix)或$ORACLE_HOME/database(Windows)下spfile文件名默默認(rèn)為spfile.ora二進(jìn)制文文件，可

8、可由數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)務(wù)器寫入入或讀取取，不能能手動進(jìn)進(jìn)行編輯輯。數(shù)據(jù)庫啟啟動時首首選spfilepfile文件名默默認(rèn)為init.ora文本文件件，數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)務(wù)器可以以讀取但但不能寫寫入。如果啟動動時沒有有找到spfile，則自動動搜索此此文件。對pfile的修改在在下次數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫重重啟時生生效。初始化參參數(shù)基本初始始化參數(shù)數(shù)大多數(shù)情情況下，只需要要設(shè)置和和優(yōu)化32個基本參參數(shù)便可可獲得合合理性能能CONTROL_FILES、DB_BLOCK_SIZE、DB_CACHE_SIZE、DB_FILES、PGE_AGGREGATE_TARGENT、SHARED_POOL_SIZE、PROCESSES等。

9、高級初始始化參數(shù)數(shù)除基本參參數(shù)外的的其他參參數(shù)一般采用用默認(rèn)值值即可初始化參參數(shù)（續(xù)續(xù)）動態(tài)初始始化參數(shù)數(shù)能使用altersession或者altersystem進(jìn)行修改改。修改之后后立即生生效，無無需重啟啟數(shù)據(jù)庫庫靜態(tài)初始始化參數(shù)數(shù)修改之后后需要重重啟數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)庫才能能生效查看初始始化參數(shù)數(shù)告警日志志文件文件名為為alert_.log保存在參參數(shù)下BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST指定的目目錄下日志文件件按時間間順序列列出消息息日志和和錯誤日日志：啟動時使使用的所所有非默默認(rèn)初始始化參數(shù)數(shù)發(fā)生的所所有內(nèi)部部錯誤（ORA-600）、塊損損壞錯誤誤（ORA-1578）和死鎖鎖錯誤（ORA-60）管理操作作、EM或SQLPlus語句startup、shutdown、archivelog和recover自動刷新新實體化化視圖過過程中發(fā)發(fā)生的錯錯誤查看告警警日志文文件跟蹤文件件（.trc）后臺跟蹤蹤文件（background trace file）用來記錄錄后臺進(jìn)進(jìn)程所檢檢測到的的錯誤保存在參參數(shù)下BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST指定的目目錄下用戶跟蹤蹤文件（user trace file）包含了所所跟蹤的的SQL語句的統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計信息息和用戶戶進(jìn)程的的錯誤信信息保存