專業(yè)英語項(xiàng)目作業(yè)

1、 7/7專業(yè)英語項(xiàng)目作業(yè) 專業(yè)英語項(xiàng)目作業(yè)報(bào)告 專業(yè) 項(xiàng)目名稱:全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)翻譯 班級(jí): 姓名: 學(xué)號(hào): 指導(dǎo)教師: 日期:2012年10月13日 齊齊哈爾工程學(xué)院 第一章概述 根據(jù)全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)的工作原理,利用可編程控制器PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)控制,說明了PLC控制的原理方法,特點(diǎn)及控制洗衣機(jī)的特色。全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)利用了西門子S7-200系列PLC的特點(diǎn),對(duì)按鈕,電磁閥,開關(guān)等其他一些輸入/輸出點(diǎn)進(jìn)行控制,實(shí)現(xiàn)了洗衣機(jī)洗衣過程的自動(dòng)化。由于每遍的洗滌,排水,脫水的時(shí)間由PLC內(nèi)計(jì)數(shù)器控制,所以只要改變計(jì)數(shù)器參數(shù)就可以改變時(shí)間。可以把上面設(shè)定的程序時(shí)間定下來,作為固定程序使用,也可以根據(jù)衣物的質(zhì)地

2、,數(shù)量及油污的程度來編程。只要稍作改變,就可以設(shè)計(jì)出諸如要多洗多甩的牛仔類衣物,輕洗輕甩的羊毛類衣物以及通用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)洗滌程序,充分表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代家電品的實(shí)用性。 在洗衣機(jī)控制方面，在PLC問世之前，工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域中是繼電器占主導(dǎo)地位。但繼電器控制領(lǐng)域有著十分明顯的缺點(diǎn)：體積大、耗電多、可靠性、壽命短、運(yùn)行速度慢、適應(yīng)性差、尤其當(dāng)生產(chǎn)工藝發(fā)生變化時(shí)，就必須重新設(shè)計(jì)、重新安裝，造成時(shí)間和資金的嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi)。為了改變這一現(xiàn)狀，PLC控制系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生了。繼1969年美國數(shù)字設(shè)備公司研制出世界第一臺(tái)PLC，并在通用汽車公司自動(dòng)裝配線上試用，獲得了成功，從而開創(chuàng)了工業(yè)控制新時(shí)期，從此，可編程控制器這一新的控制技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展起

3、來了。在許多領(lǐng)域都有廣泛的應(yīng)用。PLC的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：可靠性高，耗電少，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，運(yùn)行速度快，壽命長等，為了進(jìn)一步提高全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)的功能和性能，避免傳統(tǒng)控制的一些弊端，就提出了用PLC來控制全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)這個(gè)課題。 第二章課題任務(wù)分析 2.1整體功能介紹 洗衣機(jī)的工作流程由開始，進(jìn)水，洗衣，排水，和脫水，結(jié)束6個(gè)過程組成。在半自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)中，這四個(gè)過程分別用相應(yīng)的按扭開關(guān)來控制。全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)中，這四個(gè)過程可做到全自動(dòng)依次運(yùn)行，直至洗衣結(jié)束。 2.2設(shè)備控制要求 全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)控制要求是能實(shí)現(xiàn)正常運(yùn)行和強(qiáng)制停止兩種控制要求。 按下啟動(dòng)按扭，開始進(jìn)水直到水滿（即水位達(dá)到高水位）時(shí)停止進(jìn)水開始洗滌正轉(zhuǎn) 洗滌時(shí)，

4、正轉(zhuǎn)30秒，停兩秒，然后反轉(zhuǎn)30秒，停2秒 如此循環(huán)5次，總共320秒開始排水 水位下降到低水位時(shí)開始脫水并繼續(xù)排水，脫水30秒 開始清洗，重復(fù)（1）到（4），清洗兩遍 清洗完成，報(bào)警3秒并自動(dòng)停機(jī) 若按下排水按扭可以實(shí)現(xiàn)手動(dòng)排水 若按下停車按扭，可實(shí)現(xiàn)手動(dòng)停止進(jìn)水，排水脫水及報(bào)警 第三章控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 3.1控制系統(tǒng)框圖 3.2控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)應(yīng)設(shè)備及實(shí)現(xiàn)功能 對(duì)應(yīng)的外部設(shè)備啟動(dòng)按扭停止按扭水位選擇開關(guān)（高水位）水位選擇開關(guān)（中水位）水位選擇開關(guān)（低水位）手動(dòng)排水開關(guān)手動(dòng)脫水開關(guān)高水位浮球開關(guān)中水位浮球開關(guān)低水位浮球開關(guān)水排空浮球開關(guān) 對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出設(shè)備進(jìn)水電磁閥排水電磁閥洗滌電動(dòng)機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)繼電器洗滌電動(dòng)

5、機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)繼電器脫水桶報(bào)警器 3.3控制系統(tǒng)原理 自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)的進(jìn)水，洗衣，排水，脫水是通過水位開關(guān)，電磁進(jìn)水閥和電磁排水閥配合進(jìn)行控制，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制的，水位開關(guān)用來控制進(jìn)水到洗衣機(jī)內(nèi)高中低水位，電磁進(jìn)水閥起著通斷水源的作用。進(jìn)水時(shí)，電磁進(jìn)水閥打開，將水注入，排水時(shí)，電磁排水閥打開，將水排出，洗衣時(shí)，洗滌電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)。 第四章硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì) 4.1系統(tǒng)的選型 （1）IO點(diǎn)數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)： I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)是PL 定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器：2B/個(gè) 模擬量：100-150B/個(gè) 通信接口：一個(gè)接口一般需要300B以上 根據(jù)上面算出的總字節(jié)數(shù)再考慮增加25%左右的備用量，就可估算出用戶程序所需的內(nèi)存容量，從而選擇合適的PLC

6、內(nèi)存。該系統(tǒng)有11個(gè)數(shù)字輸入點(diǎn)6個(gè)數(shù)字輸出點(diǎn)，需內(nèi)存280B，有定時(shí)器6個(gè)，計(jì)時(shí)器2個(gè)，需內(nèi)存16B，考慮余量后需要內(nèi)存370B。 （2）CPU功能與結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇 PLC的功能日益強(qiáng)大，一般PLC都具有開關(guān)量邏輯運(yùn)算、定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)處 理等基本功能，有些PLC還可擴(kuò)展各種特殊功能模塊，如通信模塊、位置控制模塊等，選型時(shí)可考慮以下幾點(diǎn)：功能與任務(wù)相適應(yīng)，PLC的處理速度應(yīng)滿足實(shí)時(shí)控制的要求、PLC結(jié)構(gòu)合理、機(jī)型統(tǒng)一、在線編程和離線編程的選擇。全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)控制所要求的控制功能簡單，小型PLC就能滿足要求了。 Fully automatic washing machine design 譯文： 一、

7、The first chapter is above According to the working principle of automatic washing machine, the use of programmable controller PLC control, and explains the principle of PLC control methods, characteristics and control characteristics of the washing machine. Fully automatic washing machine control s

8、ystem using the Siemens S7-200 series PLC characteristics, button, electromagnetic valve, switch and other some input/output point control, realized the washing machines wash process automation. Because every time washing, drainage, dehydration time by PLC in counter control, so as long as change co

9、unter parameters can time change. Can set above the program time decided, as fixed program use, also can according to clothing quality of a material, quantity and the degree of oil pollution to programming. As long as make a change a bit, you can design a more more, such as washing jilt cowboy kind

10、of clothing, light wash light jilt of wool kind of clothing and universal standard washing procedure, fully show the modern electrical appliances product practicability. In the washing machine control, in before the advent of PLC, industrial control field is relay dominant. But the relay control fie

11、ld is very obvious disadvantages: large volume, power consumption and reliability, short life, slow, adaptability difference, especially when the production process change, it is necessary to redesign, reinstall, causing serious waste of time and money. In order to change this situation, PLC control

12、 system produced. After in 1969 the United States digital equipment company developed the world the first PLC, and in general motors automatic assembly line trial and succeeded, thus created the industrial control new period, from now on, PLC (programmable logic controller) this new control technolo

13、gy developed rapidly. In many areas are widely used. The advantage of PLC is: high reliability, less consumption, strong adaptability, fast operation, long life and so on, in order to further improve the automatic washing machine function and performance, to avoid the traditional control some drawba

14、cks, has put forward the use PLC to control the fully automatic washing machine of this subject. 二、The second chapter subject task analysis 2.1 the whole function is introduced The working process of the washing machine by water, laundry, drainage, and dehydration of four process. In the semi-automa

15、tic washing machine, the four process respectively with the corresponding button switch to control. Fully automatic washing machine, and the four process can be done in fully automatic operation, until the end of laundry. 2.2 equipment control requirements Fully automatic washing machine control req

16、uirements are can realize normal operation and forced to stop two control requirements. (1) press the start button, and began to fill with water until (i.e. the water reaches a high water level) to stop water to start washing are turning (2) when catharsis, are turning 30 seconds, stop two seconds,

17、then reverse 30 seconds, stop for 2 seconds (3) so cycle 5 times, a total of 320 seconds began to drainage (4) drop in the water level to the low water level at the start of dehydration and continue to drainage, dehydration 30 seconds 5 start cleaning, repeat (1) to (4), cleaning twice 6 clean finis

18、h, alarm 3 seconds and automatic stop If the meantime press drainage button can realize manual drainage If stuff press the stop button, can realize manual stop water, dewatering and alarm 三、The third chapter, the design of control system 3.1 control system block diagram Figure 1 system block diagram

19、 3.2 control system corresponding equipment and realization function The corresponding external equipment start button to stop button water selector switch (high level) water selector switch (water) water selector switch (low water level) manual drainage switch manual dehydration switch high water l

20、evel ball float switch in water level ball float switch low water ball float switch water emptying ball float switch The corresponding output equipment intake solenoid valve discharge solenoid valve washing motor are turning relay washing motor reversal relay to take off the bucket alarm。 3.3 contro

21、l system principle Automatic washing machine water, laundry, drainage, dehydration is through the water level switch, electromagnetic inlet valve and electromagnetic drain valve with the control, so as to realize automatic control, water level switch is used to control the water washing machine in l

22、ow high school level, electromagnetic inlet valve plays the role of water on and off. Water, electromagnetic inlet valve open, water injection, drainage, electromagnetic drain valve open, will draw out, laundry, wash motor startup, dehydration, to take off the bucket start. 四、The fourth chapter hard

23、ware circuit design 4.1 system selection (1) IO points statistics: The I/O points are PL Timer/counter: 2 b/a Analog quantity: 100-150 - b/a Communication interface: a interface general need 300 b above According to the above figure out the total number of bytes to consider increase 25% spare capaci

24、ty, can estimate the user program memory capacity, so as to choose appropriate PLC memory. The system has 11 digital input point 6 digital output point, need to memory 280 b, a timer six, timer 2, need to memory and b, consider allowance needs after memory 370 b. (2) CPU function and structure choic

25、e The function of PLC increasingly powerful, general PLC has the switch quantity logic, timing, counting, data processing and other basic functions, some PLC can also expand all kinds of special functional modules, such as the communication module, position control module, selection consider the fol

26、lowing: function and task adapt, PLC processing speed should meet the requirements of real-time control, PLC reasonable structure, aircraft type, and unity, online programming and off-line programming choice. Fully automatic washing machine control required control function is simple, small PLC can

27、meet the requirements. 五、To sum up, combined with analysis of the table below CPU221 CPU222 CPU224 CPU226 program memory 2048 words 4096 words user data memory 1024 words 2560 words user memory type EEPROM data backup typical time 50 h 190 h the machine IO 6 into / 4 out of eight into / 6 out of 14

28、into / 10 out of 24 into / 16 out extension module number no two seven digital quantity IO impression area size 256 (128 into / 128 a) analog quantity IO impression area size no 16 into / 16 out 32 into/out of 32 33 hz Boolean instruction execution speed 0.37 / subtle/instruction internal relay 256

29、counter/timer 256/256 sequence control relay 256 The control system CPU module can use CPU - 224 (AC/DC/relay) module, it can control the whole system according to the control requirements orderly. At the same time as the module adopting ac 220 v power supply, and bring their own 14 digital input po

30、int and 10 digital output point, can fully meet the requirements of the automatic washing machine control system, so there is no need to other power module, digital and output module. To sum up selection of Siemens S7-200 type PLC 4.2 CPU unit design Integrated 24 v load power, can be directly conne

31、cted to the sensor and transmitter (actuator), CPU 221222 with 180 mA output, CPU 224, CPU 224 xp, CPU 226 respectively output 280 mA, 400 mA. Available load power. The design used in the CPU for CPU224. This machine digital input/output point CPU224 14 di / 10 do This machine simulation the input/o

32、utput point CPU 224 xp has two AI / 1 ao. 4.3 hardware wiring diagram 4.4 communication mode The internal integrated PPI interface for users provide a powerful communication function. PPI interface for RS485, can be in three ways: 1. The PPI ways: PPI communication protocol is designed for Siemens S

33、7-200 series PLC development of communication protocol. Through the general pass two core shielded twisted-pair cable for networking. Baud rate is 9.6 kbit/s, 19.2 kbit/s and 187.5 kbit/s. The CPU integrated programming mouth at the same time is PPI communication network interface. 2. MPI way: throu

34、gh There are four interface for single and redundant transmission: 2 a combination of RS232 / RS485 interface used to connect the classical WAN, such as special line, wireless or dial-up network RJ45 interface used to connect to based on IP network (WAN or LAN), such as FOC, DSL, GPRS, etc Compact c

35、omponents used for a variety of USES: As an independent unit (independent operation without S7-300 CPU), TIM can bear SINAUT communication used in one or more S7-400 PLC or control center PC (SINAUT ST7cc or ST7sc); The connection is through the TIM one of Ethernet port 4 di / 10 do This machine sim

36、ulation the input/output point CPU 224 xp has two AI / 1 ao. 4.3 hardware wiring diagram 4.4 communication mode The internal integrated PPI interface for users provide a powerful communication function. PPI interface for RS485, can be in three ways: 1. The PPI ways: PPI communication protocol is des

37、igned for Siemens S7-200 series PLC development of communication protocol. Through the general pass two core shielded twisted-pair cable for networking. Baud rate is 9.6 kbit/s, 19.2 kbit/s and 187.5 kbit/s. The CPU integrated programming mouth at the same time is PPI communication network interface. 2. MPI ways: through the built-in interface connected to the MPI network. Baud rate is 19.2 kbit/s, 187.5 kbit/s. S7-200 with S7-300/400 co