2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號16

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題The new radio direction-finding device could（）a transmission with a remarkable speed.問題1選項A.carry offB.bend toC.shrug offD.latch onto【答案】A【解析】詞組辨祈題。carry off攜帶，成功地處理；bend to屈從于；shrug off擺脫，不屑理睬；latch onto鎖上。句意：這種新的無

2、線電測向裝置能以驚人的速度進行傳輸。選項A符合句意。2.單選題She suggested that the expedition be（）with the latest scientific equipment.問題1選項A.afflictedB.permeatedC.paddledD.outfitted【答案】D【解析】動詞辨析題。afflicted折磨、使痛苦；permeate滲透、彌漫；paddled劃槳；outfitted配備、機構(gòu)。句意：她建議探險隊配備最新的科學(xué)設(shè)備。選項D符合句意。3.單選題The mail was（）for two days because of the sno

3、wstorm.問題1選項A.held backB.held outC.held upD.held on【答案】A【解析】held back隱瞞,退縮,控制,阻止；held out提出,顯示；held up舉起,提出,支持；held on等一下,繼續(xù)。句意：由于暴風(fēng)雪的原因,郵件延誤了兩天。只有選項A符合句意。4.單選題Very few experts have（）with complete new answers to the worlds economic problems.問題1選項A.come toB.come aroundC.come upD.come on【答案】C【解析】詞組辨析題

4、。come to達到；come around恢復(fù)；come up with提出；come on快點。句意：很少有專家能對世界經(jīng)濟問題提出全新的答案。選項C符合句意。5.單選題This border incident led to the two countries（）diplomatic relations in 1965.問題1選項A.breaking upB.finishingC.cutting outD.breaking off【答案】A【解析】詞組辨析題。breaking up終止；cutting out切斷；breaking off突然停止。句意：這一邊境問題導(dǎo)致兩國于1965年終止

5、外交關(guān)系。選項A符合句意。6.單選題Professor Lees book will show you（）can be used in other contexts.問題1選項A.that you have observedB.how that you have observedC.that how you have observedD.how what you have observed【答案】D【解析】語法題。這是賓語從句中帶有主語從句的復(fù)雜句子。that不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，所以首先排除選項A和B。how不能做that的先行詞，所以選項C也錯誤，本題選D。句意：李教授的書將會指導(dǎo)你如何將觀察

6、所學(xué)的東西應(yīng)用到其他領(lǐng)域。7.單選題The river is already（）its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.問題1選項A.parallel toB.level toC.flat onD.flush with【答案】D【解析】parallel to平行,類似；level不與to搭配；flat也不與介詞on搭配；flush with齊平,同高。句意：由于雨水過多，河水已經(jīng)和堤岸齊平了，這座城市可能面臨洪水的威脅。選項D符合句意。8.單選題He rush

7、ed into the house and saved the boy out,（）the intense fire.問題1選項A.irrespective ofB.instead ofC.in front ofD.in case of【答案】A【解析】詞組辨析題。irrespective of不顧；instead of代替；in front of在前面；in case of假如。句意：他不顧大火,沖進屋里把男孩救了出來。選項A符合句意。9.單選題Is e-mail a blessing or a curse? Last month, after a weeks vocation, I dis

8、covered 1218 unread e-mail messages waiting in my box. I pretended to be dismayed, but secretly I was pleased. This is how we measure our wired worth in the late 1990s. If you arent overwhelmed by e-mail, you must be doing something wrong. E-mail. Cant live with it, cant live without it. Artists and

9、 real artists, advertisers and freedom fighters, lovers and sworn enemies theyve all flocked to e-mail as they would to any new medium of expression. E-mail is convenient, saves time, brings us closer to one another, and helps us manage our ever-more-complex lives. Books are written, campaigns condu

10、cted, crimes committed all via e-mail. But it is also inconvenient, wastes our time, isolates us in front of our computers and introduces more complexity into our already too-hurried lives. To skeptics, e-mail is just the latest chapter in the evolving history of human communication. Yet e-mail all

11、online communication is in fact something truly different; it captures the essence of life at the close of the 20th century with an authority that few other products of digital technology can claim. Does the pace of life seem ever faster? E-mail simultaneously allows us to cope with that acceleratio

12、n and contributes to it. Are our attention spans shriveling under barrages of new, improved forms of stimulation? The quick and dirty e-mail is made to order for those whose ability to concentrate is measured in nanoseconds. If we accept that the creation of the global-spanning Internet is one of th

13、e most important technological innovations of the last half of this century, then we must give e-mail, the living embodiment of human connection across the Net, pride of place. The way we interact with each other is changing; e-mail is both the catalyst and the instrument of that change. 1.According

14、 to the passage, e-mail is convenient because it （）2.The author of this passage is about e-mail（）3.Which of the following phrases is the closest in meaning to the phrase “give . pride of place” in Paragraph 3?4.All the following statements are true EXCEPT（）5.What is the main idea of this passage?問題1

15、選項A.saves our timeB.introduces more complexity into our too-upset livesC.makes communication possibleD.enrich our lives問題2選項A.skepticalB.positiveC.negativeD.firm問題3選項A.take pride in the placeB.be proud ofC.give . the most important positionD.put stress on問題4選項A.E-mail not only allows us to cope with

16、 the faster pace of life but also makes it acceleratedB.The way we interact with each other is changingC.E-mail can help us manage our ever-more-complex livesD.Only advertisers make use of e-mail問題5選項A.E-mail is one of the most important technological innovations of the last half of the 20th century

17、.B.E-mail is the instrument that brings about great changes in human connection.C.E-mail helps us understand the essence of life at the close of the 20th century.D.E-mail is not only convenient but also inconvenient.【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:C第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第四句“E-mail is convenient, saves time,

18、 brings us closer to one another, and helps us manage our ever-more-complex lives.”可知選項A正確。2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“If we accept that , pride of place.”如果我們承認，創(chuàng)建全球范圍的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是本世紀后半葉最重要的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新之一，那么我們就必須將電子郵件放在頭等重要的位置，因為這是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上人與人之間聯(lián)系的生動的體現(xiàn)。由此可知作者對電子郵件態(tài)度是積極的。3.語義題。結(jié)合原文句意：如果我們承認，全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的創(chuàng)建是本世紀后半葉最重要的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新之一，那么我們就必須將電

19、子郵件放在頭等重要的位置，因為這是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上人與人之間聯(lián)系的生動的體現(xiàn)。pride of place指頭等重要的位置，選項C符合原文。4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段可知不僅僅是廣告商，還藝術(shù)家，自由斗士，情侶以及敵人都用電子郵件，所以選項D錯誤。5.主旨大意題。本文主要主要圍繞電子郵件講述了其特點和作用，意在指出電子郵件是20世紀后半葉最重要的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新之一。所以選項A最能概括全文。10.單選題The ancient Chinese thought comets were celestial brooms wielded by the gods to sweep the heavens free of

20、 evil. In the West they were believed to presage the fall of Jerusalem, the death of monarchs and such anomalies as two-headed calves. The Norman Conquest of England was attributed to the 1006 flyby of Halleys, historys most famous comet, which has been linked to everything from Julius Caesars assas

21、sination to the defeat of Attila the Hun. Told that Earth would pass through Halleys tail during its 1910 visit, many Americans panicked and bought gas masks and “comet pills.”Alan Hale calls these waves of fear and mysticism “comet madness,” and as codiscoverer of Comet Hale-Bopp, hes seen more tha

22、n his share. Ever since his find was announced, he has been inundated with inquiries, pronouncements and accusations from the cometary fringe.Hale has found that the arrival of a major cometespecially so near the end of a millenniumis still widely regarded as an omen of upheaval and disaster Several

23、 Christian Fundamentalists, he writes in the current issue of Skeptical Inquirer, have proclaimed Hale-Bopp to be one of the “signs of the end times” foretold in the New Testament. They also suggest that the comet might be the object described in Revelation 8:10 as a great star named Wormwood that “

24、fell from heaven, blazing like a torch.” Wormwood, according to the Bible, destroys a third of almost everything: people, land, rivers and seas. Others claim that the comet is some kind of alien mother ship “under intelligent control.”Speculation reached a fever pitch last November when Chuck Shrame

25、k, an amateur astronomer based in Houston, Texas, announced on a U.S. radio talk show that he had photographed a “Satum-like object” that seemed to be following in Hale-Bopps wake. Shrameks breathless claim elevated Hale-Bopp fantasies from supermarket tabloids to the mainstream press and generated

26、thousands of posts to message boards and astronomy home pages on the Internet. One fast-spreading rumor had it that the object was an alien spacecraft four times the size of Earth.Hale was barraged with reporters queries, and in an effort to calm the reporters, he investigated Shrameks photograph an

27、d determined that the “object” in it was an ordinary eighth-magnitude star. After posting his conclusions on the Net, Hale became the target of a flood of hate E-mail, much of it accusing him of being part of a conspiracy to suppress the true nature of Hale-Bopp.Hale acknowledges that it was only na

28、tural for our ancestors to be apprehensive about the fiery apparitions in the night sky. But he is impatient with his modem counterparts, who should know better. “I ask readers to treat all these irresponsible reports with the disdain they deserve,” he says, “and instead enjoy the beauty of the come

29、t for its own sake,”1.The best title for this passage would be（）2.Alan Hales attitude towards his contemporary astronomerss reports about newly discovered comets is （）3.Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?4.Judging by the context, the word “inundated” in Paragraph Two most proba

30、bly means（）5.We can conclude from the passage that（）問題1選項A.Comets, Omens of DisastersB.The Discovery of Comet Hale-BoppC.Alan Hale, A Great AstronomerD.Crazy about Comets問題2選項A.contemptuousB.unconcernedC.liberalD.positive問題3選項A.There area variety of explanations of Comet-Bopp.B.In the West, comets a

31、re regarded as omens of upheavals and disasters.C.Alan Hale has discovered many other comets except comet Hale-Bopp.D.Many people were not satisfied by Alan Hales interpretation of Chuck Shrameks find.問題4選項A.relishedB.overwhelmedC.chargedD.deprived問題5選項A.Chuck Shrameks claim caused a great public co

32、ncern and interestB.Alan Hale is not fond of E-mailC.Few astronomers are superstitiousD.Most Americans are not impressionable【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:C第4題:B第5題:A【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文首段提到西方人們對彗星的恐懼，接下來主要講了天文學(xué)家Hale對彗星的研究以及受到人們的指控。所以選項C更符合本文主題。2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“But he is impatient with his modem counterparts, who s

33、hould know better.”但他對當(dāng)代的天文學(xué)家們沒有耐心，他認為他們應(yīng)該知道得更多。由此推斷，Hale的是輕蔑的。選項A正確。unconcerned不關(guān)心的；liberal慷慨的；positive積極的。3.細節(jié)事實題。文中只提到Hale發(fā)現(xiàn)了波普彗星，但沒有說發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多其他的彗星，所以選項C表述錯誤。4.詞義題。根據(jù)原文：自從他宣布了自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)，他就被各種調(diào)查、聲明和指控淹沒了。選項B符合原文。relished品味；charged被指控； deprived被剝奪。5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段的倒數(shù)第二句“Shrameks breathless claim elevated. on

34、the Internet.”Shramek令人窒息的聲明將Comet-Bopp的幻想從超市小報提升到了主流媒體，并在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的留言板和天文學(xué)主頁上發(fā)布了數(shù)千條帖子。選項A符合原文。11.單選題It might be supposed that greater efficiency should be achieved if several people collaborate to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it. The assumption is by no means invariably true.Alth

35、ough groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there is a counter-balancing need to contend with conflicts arising among members of a group and to give it coherent directions. Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader who not only pr

36、ovides direction but permits the orderly, constructive expression of a variety of opinions; much of the leaders effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem-solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group. Solutions simply may reflect the presence of an outst

37、anding individual who might perform even better by himself.Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their net man-hour efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone.A process called brains

38、torming has been offered as a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problems. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible. Theoretically these unr

39、estricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some superior solutions will emerge. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under special circumstances, however, a group m

40、ay solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual. Group members may contribute different (and essential) resources to a solution that no individual can readily achieve alone; such pooling of information and skills can make group achievements superior in dealing with sel

41、ected problems. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single alternative, as in formulating national economic or military policies under democratic governments. When only one among several alternative solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher proba

42、bility of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.1.In this passage, the author argues that thinking in groups（）2.The phrase contend with in Paragraph Two most probably means （）3.According to the author, compared with an individual, a group （）4.The word brainstorming in Paragraph Fou

43、r roughly means（）5.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in（）問題1選項A.is the best way to solve any problemsB.is by no means useful in problem-solvingC.may result in effective problem-solving under certain circumstancesD.will inevitably produce greater efficiency in proble

44、m-solving than individual thinking問題2選項A.handleB.argue withC.satisfyD.compete with問題3選項A.may need more time to discover an answerB.needs an effective leader to provide directionC.often fails to resolve conflicts among its membersD.will always produce better suggestions問題4選項A.offering a method of fac

45、ilitating the production of new solutions to problemsB.unrestrained offering of ideas and suggestions by a group of people to seek solutions to problemsC.increasing the efficiency in problem-solving by working with each otherD.forcing people to work together to solve a problem問題5選項A.solving problems

46、 that need intensive studyB.analyzing information and dataC.dealing with national problemsD.selecting the best solution to a problem【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:B第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent i

47、ndividual.”在特殊情況下，一個團隊可能比一個有能力的人更有效地解決問題。選項C符合原文。2.詞義題。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指需要處理好成員之間的沖突，選項A符合原文。3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader”一個有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的存在有助于解決問題。選項B符合原文。4.語義題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句“In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to o

48、ffer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible.”頭腦風(fēng)暴指提供一個問題給一群人，然后他們會談?wù)撍芟氲降娜魏螙|西，而不管質(zhì)量如何，并且盡可能不受限制。也就是說一群人無拘無束地提出想法和建議，尋求問題的解決方案；選項B正確。5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句可知：在處理國家問題上，集體比個人更有效率。12.單選題The remarkable（）of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darw

49、in to establish his theory of evolution.問題1選項A.classificationB.varietyC.densityD.diversion【答案】B【解析】詞匯題。variety變種,多樣,種種；classification分類,類別,級別；density稠密,密度；diversion轉(zhuǎn)移,消遣。根據(jù)句意，這里應(yīng)該是生命的多樣性。選項B正確。句意：加拉帕戈斯群島上生命的顯著多樣性啟發(fā)了查爾斯達爾文建立了他的進化論。13.單選題The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to estab

50、lish an effective national government while preserving（）for the states and liberty for individuals.問題1選項A.autonomyB.dignityC.monopolyD.stability【答案】A【解析】autonomy自治；dignity尊嚴,高貴；monopoly壟斷；stability穩(wěn)定性。句意：撰寫美國國家憲法的人試圖建立一個高效的國家政府,即能保證各個州的自治,又能保證個人的自由。選項A符合句意。14.單選題Henrys news report covering the confe

51、rence was so（）that nothing had been omitted.問題1選項A.clearB.integratedC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】詞義辨析題。句意：亨利關(guān)于這次會議的新聞報道非常全面,沒有遺漏任何東西。選項C符合句意。15.單選題I tried to（）a hint but you didnt notice.問題1選項A.suggestB.dropC.nodD.let【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配題。drop a hint意為暗示。句意：我試著暗示你,但你沒注意到。16.單選題Practically spea

52、king, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stag

53、e. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910, he was using close-up

54、s to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the cameras possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera posi

55、tion, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progre

56、ssed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow such a story, Griffith persisted and experimented as well with other elements which have become standard ever since.Besides developing the cinemas language, Griffith immensely broadened its range an

57、d treatment of subjects. His early movies included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatment of social issues. As his success mounted, his ambitions grew. When he made a new movie in 1911, he

58、insisted that a subject of importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. One of his movies reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hours running time. Griffiths introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution.1.The primar

59、y purpose of the passage is to（）2.The author suggests that Griffiths film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following except （）3.It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was （）4.It can be inferred that Griffith would be most likely to agree w

60、ith which of the following statements?5.The authors attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can be best described as（）問題1選項A.discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of cinemaB.describe the impact on cinema of the flashbacks and other editing innovationsC.document Grif