2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-大連理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)48

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-大連理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題They announced to the （ ） guests that they were engaged to be married.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.adoptedB.acquiredC.accumulatedD.assembled【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。adopt “采取，采納”；acquire “獲得”；accumulate “積攢”；assemble “集合，聚集”。句意：他們向聚集在一起的客人宣布他們訂

2、婚的消息。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。2.單選題I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I（ ） a rest.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.deserveB.preserveC.conceiveD.receive【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deserve “應(yīng)得，應(yīng)受”；preserve “保存”；conceive “設(shè)想懷孕”；receive “收到”。句意：我花了四個(gè)周末寫(xiě)論文，現(xiàn)在覺(jué)得我應(yīng)該休息一下了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。3.單選題Beijing is a（ ） city, and still more people are

3、pouring in.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.popularB.populateC.populaceD.populous【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。popular “受歡迎的”；populate “居住于”，是動(dòng)詞；populace “大眾，平民”；populous “人口多的”。句意：北京是一座人口稠密的城市，仍然還有很多人涌入。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。4.單選題If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in theway of （ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.persuasionB.r

4、emedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。persuasion “說(shuō)服”；remedy “補(bǔ)救”；encouragement “鼓勵(lì)”；compromise “妥協(xié)”。句意：當(dāng)有人談到自己的弱點(diǎn)時(shí)，聽(tīng)者應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)他進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。5.單選題It only takes a （ ） of a second for the computer to do the calculation which a humanwill spend days to do.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.fictionB.reductionC.functionD.fract

5、ion【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fiction “小說(shuō)”；reduction “減少，下降”；function “功能”；fraction “小部分”。句意：電腦只需要一會(huì)就完成了人類(lèi)需要幾天才能完成的運(yùn)算。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。6.單選題It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”，the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is inter

6、preted to mean that our knowledge of physical system is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity of sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these uni

7、verses are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable.We are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it i

8、s in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from

9、 the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience. In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, or even if earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary chan

10、ges as new data come in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order for hardness and as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least se

11、cure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe,

12、despite the fact that we learnt things as they were long age, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physi

13、cal evolution is incomplete and insecure.1.The word “paradox” (Line 1, Para. 1) means “ （ ）”2.According to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard” and the social sciences as “soft” because（ ）.3.The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is mo

14、re secure than that of physical systems because（ ）4.The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggestbecause（ ） .5.We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social systembecause（ ） .問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.implicationB.contradictionC.interpretationD.confusion

15、問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences.B.our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systems.C.our understanding of the social systems is approximately correct.D.we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical

16、phenomena.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.it is not based on personal experience.B.new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences.C.it is based on a fairly representative quantity of data.D.the records of social systems are more reliable.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.contradictory theories keep emerging all the time.B.new information

17、 is constantly coming in.C.the direction of their development is difficult to predict.D.our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.theories of its origin and history are varied.B.our knowledge of it is highly insecure.C.only a very small sample of it has been observed.D.few scientists

18、are involved in the study of astronomy【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:B第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.paradox “矛盾，悖論”。implication “含義”；contradiction “矛盾，否認(rèn)”；interpretation “解釋”；confusion “混淆”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。2.文章第二段第一句話(huà)we are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the tot

19、al universe being investigated 提到我們能夠在調(diào)查地球的社會(huì)體系時(shí)自信地認(rèn)為我們有整個(gè)領(lǐng)域作為合理的樣本供研究；該段倒數(shù)第二句話(huà)our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems提到我們對(duì)于天文領(lǐng)域的研究是最不靠譜的，因?yàn)槲覀冇^(guān)察

20、的是一個(gè)不切實(shí)際的小樣本。從這兩句話(huà)可知，研究社會(huì)知識(shí)的樣本比研究天文知識(shí)的樣本要大并且實(shí)際，所以我們能更好地去研究社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。3.文章第二段第二句our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries 提到在社會(huì)體系中，它不太可能被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重顛覆。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。4.文章第二段in contrast, our image of the

21、 astronomical universe, or even if earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out 提到我們對(duì)于天文宇宙或者地球的地理歷史的概念，當(dāng)新的數(shù)據(jù)和理論進(jìn)入時(shí)都很容易遭受革命性的變化，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。5.文章第二段our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply beca

22、use we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems提到我們對(duì)于天文領(lǐng)域的研究是最不靠譜的，因?yàn)槲覀冇^(guān)察的是一個(gè)不切實(shí)際的小樣本。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。7.單選題The construction of a 5-million-ton iron and steel works is now under（ ） .問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.conclusionB.contributionC.continuationD.considera

23、tion【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。conclusion “結(jié)論”；contribution “貢獻(xiàn)”；continuation “繼續(xù)”；consideration “考慮”。句意：目前（相關(guān)人員）正在考慮建設(shè)一個(gè)五萬(wàn)噸級(jí)的鋼鐵廠(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。8.單選題Many tourist were （ ） by the citys complicated traffic system.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。degrade “貶低”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，喚起”

24、；divert “轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：許多游客被這復(fù)雜的交通難住了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。9.單選題It is through learning that the individual（ ） many habitual ways of reacting to situations.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquired【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。retain “保持”；gain “獲得”，指通過(guò)努力獲得自己想要的東西；achieve “收獲，獲得”，指憑借長(zhǎng)期的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)；acquire “獲得”，指通過(guò)努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。通過(guò)分析，

25、選項(xiàng)D符合題意。10.單選題There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone（ ） me that evening.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.had interruptedB.would have interruptedC.to have interruptedD.to interrupt【答案】A【解析】考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)。由 that evening 可知此處表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)完成的某種動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。11.單選題The girl was （ ）a shop assistant; she is now a ma

26、nager in a large department.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.preliminarilyB.presumablyC.formallyD.formerly【答案】D【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。Preliminarily “初步地”；presumably “大概，推測(cè)起來(lái)”；formally “正式地”；formerly “以前，原來(lái)”。句意：這個(gè)女孩之前是商店的助理，現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)大部門(mén)的經(jīng)理。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。12.單選題To make it easier to return any purchases, save the original packaging, especially for

27、electronic and household （ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.instrumentsB.facilitiesC.appliancesD.equipment【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。instrument “工具，樂(lè)器”；facility “設(shè)施，設(shè)備”；appliance “器具，裝置”；equipment “設(shè)備，裝備”。句意：為了退貨方便，需要保留原來(lái)的包裝，尤其是電子產(chǎn)品和家用電器。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。13.單選題During their fist teacher training year, the students often visited local schools

28、 for the（ ）of lessons.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。observation “觀(guān)察，監(jiān)視”；investigation “調(diào)查”；inspection “視察，檢查”；examination “考試”。句意：這些學(xué)生在第一年教師培訓(xùn)期的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常去一些當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校觀(guān)摩。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。14.單選題Visions are asked to （ ）with the regulations.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.conflictB.consultC.complyD.co

29、ntrast【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。conflict “沖突”；consult “咨詢(xún)”；comply “遵守”；contrast “對(duì)比”。句意：愿景被要求遵守于規(guī)則。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。15.單選題Its time （ ）about the traffic problem downtown.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.something was doneB.everything is doneC.anything will be doneD.nothing to be done【答案】A【解析】考查its time的用法。Its time sb did sth,虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞的形式是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，

30、所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：是時(shí)候采取措施來(lái)緩解城市的交通問(wèn)題了。16.單選題It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have s

31、cience or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I

32、regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us howlittle we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden c

33、onfrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that

34、we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spo

35、ts and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, includin

36、g even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay

37、 attention.1.According to the author, really good science （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is the authors attitude towards science?5.The author believes that（ ）問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

38、A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB.will produce results which cannot be foreseenC.will help people to make the right choice in advanceD.will bring about disturbing results問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB.were af

39、raid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B.They falsely claimed to know al

40、l about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C.He is confident though

41、he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB.man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC

42、.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:C第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.文章第一段if it is really good science it is impossible to predict 提到真正好的科學(xué)不可能被預(yù)測(cè)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。2.文章第二段It wo

43、uld have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead提到如果我們中任何一個(gè)去告訴18世紀(jì)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)中那些最聰明的人，我們知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他們會(huì)對(duì)此表示驚訝。由此可知，這些科學(xué)家與我們的想法相反的，他們認(rèn)為他們知道的很多，并且能解決很多問(wèn)題，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。3.文章第二段In earlier times, we either

44、pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps提到在早期我們要么假裝知道事物的工作原理，要么忽視問(wèn)題，或者簡(jiǎn)單的編造一些故事來(lái)填補(bǔ)空白。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。4.文章最后一段提到我們遲早會(huì)解決包括人類(lèi)意識(shí)在內(nèi)的所有我們能想到的問(wèn)題，還表示只要我們堅(jiān)持、專(zhuān)注，就能想到答案?？梢钥闯鲎髡呤欠浅Ｓ行判牡?。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。5.文章最后一段there may well be questions we cant think up, ever,

45、and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers 提到會(huì)有一些問(wèn)題我們想不到，但是在我們的局限范圍內(nèi)，我們應(yīng)該能夠努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我們不能想到所有問(wèn)題，但是可以解決能想到的問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。17.單選題By the middle of the 18th century, many different kind

46、s of Protestants （新教徒）lived to America. Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies, Protestants lived side by side in relative harmony. Already they had begun to influence each other. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new

47、 feeling and strength into religion cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations.At the same time the works of John Locke were becoming known in America. John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or “social contract” voluntarily entered into by fre

48、e people. The Puritan experience in forming congregations made this idea seem natural to many Americans. Taking it out of the realm of social theory, they made it a reality and formed a nation.It was politics and not religion that most occupied Americans minds during the War of Independence and for

49、years afterward. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree, however, that,

50、 as the Declaration of Independence states，” all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights,” and that “the laws of Nature and Natures God” entitled them to form a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity

51、 in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion.The First Amendment （修正案）to the Constitution of the United States forbade new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or otherwise of religion. The United States would have no state-supported

52、 religion in this way, those men who formulated the principal tenets of the newly established political system hoped to insure that diversity of religion belief should never become the source of social or political injustice or disaffection.The First Amendment insured that American government would

53、not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens. But did it mean that government would be religiously neutral, treating all religions alike?In some ways, the government supports all religions. Religious groups do not pay taxes to the United States Presidents and othe

54、r political leaders often call on God to bless the American nation and people. Those whose religion forbids them to fight can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers. But government does not pay ministers salaries or require any belief-not even a belief in God - as a condition of holding

55、 public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead.The truth is that for some purposes government ignores religion and for other purposed it treats all religions alike at least as far as is practical. When dispu

56、tes about the relationship between government and religion arise, American courts must settle them.1.What is the Great Awakening?2.What controlled Americans minds during the War of Independence?3.（ ） entitled Americans to have the freedom of religion.4. In the First Amendment to the Constitution of

57、the United States, it is stipulated that5.Which of the following is the proof that the government ignores religion in some ways?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.To cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups or denomination.B.A revival movement of seeking to breathe new feeling and strength into religion.C.To live si

58、de by side in relative harmony.D.To spread religious idea to other countries.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.PoliticsB.ReligionC.ProtestantsD.Church問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.The First AmendmentB.The Constitution of the United StatesC.American GovernmentD.The Declaration of Independence問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.the government can entitle state-supported religion

59、 to enjoy some special rightsB.the government cannot take any action to limit the practice of any religionC.the United States would have no national religionD.the government will not intervene in the social or political injustice問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Religious group need not pay taxes in the Unites States.B.Presid

60、ent seldom calls on God to bless America and its peopleC.For those who, like Quakers, object to them, oaths can be replaced by a solemn affirmation or declaration.D.For those whose religion forbids them to fight, performing other services can take the place of being soldiers.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B