2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號10

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題The German Governments long-planned return to its historic capital is in full _ this summer, almost 10 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.問題1選項A.gearB.speedC.rateD.move【答案】B【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項gear“齒輪；（特定用途的）器械”；

2、B選項speed“（發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的）速度，進(jìn)度”，full speed“全速（或全力）向前”；C選項rate“速度；比率”；D選項move“行動”。句意：在柏林墻倒塌近10年后的今年夏天，德國政府計劃已久的重返歷史上的首都的計劃_。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是全力推動計劃，結(jié)合詞組full speed“全速（或全力）向前”，B選項speed“（發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的）速度，進(jìn)度”符合題意。因此B選項正確。2.單選題She can speak French and German, to _ nothing of English.問題1選項A.sayB.speakC.talkD.tell【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】

3、考查固定搭配。A選項say nothing of“更不用說”；其余選項非固定搭配。句意：她會說法語和德語，英語就_。因此A選項正確。3.單選題She admired the director to such an extent that she took his words _ as oracles.問題1選項A.divineB.rebelliousC.faithfulD.unbearable【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項divine“神圣的；極好的”；B選項rebellious“叛逆的”；C選項faithful“忠實的”；D選項unbearable“無法忍受的”。句意：

4、她非常崇拜她的主管，到了把他的話當(dāng)作神諭一樣_。根據(jù)語境，這里指把主管的話看得像神諭一樣神圣，A選項divine“神圣的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。4.單選題The alcohol intake of Greeks is also modest _ European terms, but theyre the biggest smokers in the 15-country bloc, _ up eight times a day for every man, woman and child.問題1選項A.during, lightedB.in, lightingC.for, lighted

5、D.as, lighting【答案】B【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配與非謂語動詞。句意：在歐洲，希臘人的飲酒量也不算高，但他們卻是15國中吸煙人數(shù)最多的國家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次煙。根據(jù)固定搭配in terms of“在方面，從角度”，確定第一根橫線用介詞in；第二根橫線考查非謂語動詞，其邏輯主語和本句的主語一致，動作是主語主動發(fā)出，確定用現(xiàn)在分詞lighting，B選項in, lighting符合題意。因此B選項正確。5.單選題Rock music usually _ the young people in most countries.問題1選項A.applies toB.appea

6、ls toC.amazesD.actress【答案】B【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項applies to“適用于；向提出申請”；B選項appeals to“呼吁；要求；對有吸引力”；C選項amazes“使吃驚”；D選項actress“女演員”。句意：搖滾樂通常_大多數(shù)國家的年輕人。根據(jù)語境，這里B選項appeals to“對有吸引力”搭配young people比較合理，意思指年輕人喜歡搖滾樂。因此B選項正確。6.單選題His _ personality provides good material for critics.問題1選項A.matureB.consideredC.lit

7、erateD.dual【答案】D【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項mature“成熟的”；B選項considered“經(jīng)過深思熟慮的”；C選項literate“能讀會寫的”；D選項dual“雙重的”。句意：他的_人格為評論家提供了很好的素材。根據(jù)語境，這里D選項dual“雙重的”比較符合題意，意思指他的雙重人格有很多可討論的話題。因此D選項正確。7.單選題Sleep is a funny thing. We re taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fin

8、e on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of strokeprobably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps t

9、hem from snoozing (睡) soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents (住院醫(yī)生) are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a doctor, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest qua

10、lity of medical care. Maybe we shouldnt have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, s

11、urgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often dont think twice about operating without enough sleep.“I could tell you horror stories,” says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anony

12、mous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours,” one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work,” writes another. “I know

13、 of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a convenience store on the roadside.” “Your own patients have become the enemy,” writes a third, because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep”.Agrawals organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and

14、Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York States regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit. Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surg

15、ery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government”.The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If

16、 youre worried about the people treating you or a loved one you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility (不出錯) and get the rest they need.1. What can we learn from Par

17、agraph 1?2. What does the author imply speaking of the sleep problems that doctors face?3. What is the author s purpose of writing Paragraphs 3 and 4?4. What does Dr. Charles Binkley mean by “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government” in Paragraph 5?5. To which of the follow

18、ing is the author likely to agree?問題1選項A.Stroke is often associated with sleep.B.Too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep.C.People who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illness.D.Poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorder.問題2選項A.Doctors tend to neglect their own sle

19、ep problems.B.Doctors often need little sleep to keep them energetic.C.Doctors sleep is deprived by residents.D.Sleep deprived doctors are intoxicated.問題3選項A.To show the hostility doctors have against their patients.B.To exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep.C.To entertain the au

20、dience with some anecdotes.D.To discuss the cause of doctors sleep problems.問題4選項A.The regulations about workweek and work shift are too specific.B.Law cannot force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can.C.Doctors should not abide by governments regulations.D.The government is interfering too mu

21、ch.問題5選項A.Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.B.People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.C.Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors.D.Patients can choose the sleeping hours of their doctors.【答案】

22、第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.【試題答案】D【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of strokeprobably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.（那些每天睡眠時間超過8小時但仍然感到疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的可能性是

23、正常人的近三倍，這可能是由于一種潛在的疾病使他們無法睡得安穩(wěn)所致。），可知睡得足夠久卻疲憊的人可能是因為患有疾病，D選項“睡眠質(zhì)量差可能是身體紊亂的跡象”正確；這里沒有說到中風(fēng)和睡眠的關(guān)系，A選項“中風(fēng)常與睡眠有關(guān)”錯誤；這里沒有說到睡眠過多的危害，B選項“睡眠過多和睡眠不足一樣有害”錯誤；文中沒有說到睡眠少就容易生病，C選項“每天睡眠少于8小時的人更容易生病”錯誤。因此D選項正確。2.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者提出住院醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題，然后對醫(yī)生在睡眠不足的情況下提供的服務(wù)質(zhì)量提出質(zhì)疑，最后一句說Curiously, surgeons who believe that op

24、erating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often dont think twice about operating without enough sleep.（奇怪的是，那些認(rèn)為在酒精影響下進(jìn)行手術(shù)就可以被解雇的外科醫(yī)生對于在睡眠不足的情況下進(jìn)行手術(shù)往往毫不猶豫。），可知作者認(rèn)為睡眠不足和醉酒沒什么兩樣，D選項“睡眠不足的醫(yī)生像喝醉了一樣”正確；沒有提到醫(yī)生對自己睡眠不足這個情況的態(tài)度，A選項“醫(yī)生往往忽視他們自己的睡眠問題”錯誤；醫(yī)生不能醉酒做手術(shù)，而睡眠不足如同醉酒，所以醫(yī)生也需要充足的睡眠，B選項“醫(yī)生通常需要很少的睡眠

25、來保持精力充沛”錯誤。這一段主要在表達(dá)醫(yī)生睡眠不足會影響服務(wù)質(zhì)量，并且明確表示住院醫(yī)生睡眠被剝奪，不符合題干中“第一段暗含什么”的條件，也不是表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，C選項“住院醫(yī)生的睡眠被剝奪”錯誤。因此A選項正確。3.【試題答案】B【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者列出了睡眠不足對醫(yī)生的影響，比如第三段的最后一句I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.（我真的是站著睡著了，臉差點被埋在傷口里。）和第四段Practically every surgical resident I know has

26、fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from workI know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a convenience store on the roadside.（幾乎我認(rèn)識的每個外科住院醫(yī)生都在下班回家的路上睡著了我知道有三個人撞到了停著的車。另一輛撞到了路邊的一家便利店。），最后總結(jié)說“Your own patients have become the enemy,” writes a third, because they are “the one thing that s

27、tands between you and a few hours of sleep”.（“你自己的病人變成了你的敵人?！钡谌齻€人寫道，因為他們是“阻礙你睡好幾個小時的唯一因素”。），表達(dá)醫(yī)生因為職業(yè)的關(guān)系缺乏睡眠，在這里作者用大量篇幅舉例來闡述醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠的危險，B選項“舉例說明缺乏睡眠給醫(yī)生帶來的危險”正確；這里只是表達(dá)因為要治病，醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠，A選項“顯示醫(yī)生對病人的敵意”錯誤；娛樂讀者不是主要目的，而是舉例表達(dá)觀點，C選項“用一些軼事來娛樂讀者”錯誤；D選項“討論醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)睡眠問題的原因”不是表達(dá)的重點，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。4.【試題答案】D【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三

28、句Its key provisions, modeled on New York States regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit. Most doctors, however, resist such interference.（它的關(guān)鍵條款模仿了紐約州的規(guī)定，包括每周80小時的工作時間和24小時的輪班限制。然而，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生抵制這種干預(yù)。），可知醫(yī)生不贊同法案中對醫(yī)生工作時間如此具體和死板的規(guī)定，認(rèn)為睡眠的時間段不是能夠用法律規(guī)定的，不想連睡眠都要受法律束縛，D選項“政府干擾過多”正確

29、。A選項“關(guān)于工作周和輪班的規(guī)定太具體了”和B選項“法律不能讓醫(yī)生睡覺，但是他的意識可以”：不是表達(dá)的主要意思。C選項“醫(yī)生不應(yīng)該遵守政府的規(guī)定”：文中沒有這樣的意思。因此D選項正確。5.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their ownDoctors, for their part, have to give up their pose

30、 of infallibility and get the rest they need.（在美國，飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作時間都有嚴(yán)格的控制。但除非也給醫(yī)生制定這樣一套規(guī)定，否則病人只能聽天由命就醫(yī)生而言，他們必須放棄一貫不出錯的姿態(tài)，而得到他們需要的休息。），可知醫(yī)生需要充足的休息來保證工作任務(wù)的質(zhì)量，A選項“如果醫(yī)生沒有得到充分的休息，病人將面臨更多危險”正確；這里說的是飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作時間問題，而不是工作的安全性，C選項“飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作環(huán)境比醫(yī)生更安全”錯誤。B選項“有關(guān)人員有權(quán)解除其醫(yī)生的職務(wù)”和D選項“病人可以選擇醫(yī)生的睡眠時間”文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。8.單選題

31、Vicky has been sad recently, for her plan to go to college _ at the last moment.問題1選項A.fell throughB.fell offC.fell outD.fell behind【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項fell through“落空；失敗”；B選項fell off“跌落；下降；脫落；減少”；C選項fell out“掉落；爭吵”；D選項fell behind“落后于，落伍”。句意：維姬最近很傷心，因為她上大學(xué)的計劃在最后一刻_。根據(jù)語境，這里上大學(xué)的計劃不能實施，A選項fell thr

32、ough“落空；失敗”符合題意。因此A選項正確。9.單選題He _ to his roommate for being so rude yesterday.問題1選項A.apologizedB.dissolvedC.worriedD.doubted【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項apologized“道歉”；B選項dissolved“溶解；解散（(組織或機(jī)構(gòu))”；C選項worried“擔(dān)心”；D選項doubted“懷疑”。句意：他昨天太粗魯了，所以向室友_。根據(jù)語境，因為粗魯而道歉比較合理，A選項apologized“道歉”符合題意。因此A選項正確。10.單選題Spy wri

33、ter John Le Carre hit the _ with his caustic portrayal of the citys mix of dreariness and international intrigue in his 1968 novel, A Small Town in Germany.問題1選項A.houseB.homeC.placeD.headline【答案】D【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項house“房屋”；B選項home“家”；C選項place“地方”；D選項headline“（報紙的）大字標(biāo)題”，hit the headlines“成為頭條新聞”。句

34、意：間諜作家約翰勒卡雷在1968年出版的小說德國小鎮(zhèn)中，以犀利的筆法描寫了這個城市的沉悶和國際陰謀。根據(jù)語境和詞組hit the headlines“成為頭條新聞”，D選項headline“（報紙的）大字標(biāo)題”符合題意。因此D選項正確。11.翻譯題For many traditionalists in business and economics, the death of old-style competition as the number-one route to success will hard to swallow. But in the new view, Darwinian c

35、ompetition is of limited value in longer term. (1)The more important challenges is to create opportunities and adapt to changes in a complex network of companies that may sometimes be cooperators sometimes competitors.Just as the idea of economic webs is forcing companies to change their business st

36、rategies, so it is altering views about economics. (2) In place of classic theory of decreasing returns as resources and markets are exploited economist Arthur sees what he calls increasing returns. “Increasing returns are the tendency for what is ahead to get farther ahead,” he says. “if a product

37、or a company or a technologyone of many competing in a market-gets ahead by chance or clever strategy, increasing returns can magnify this, and the product or company can make a killing from a product that is not as good as its competitors.”(3) If business systems and ecosystems have something basic

38、 in common there is worrying news for bosses. The first rule of complex systems is that it is almost impossible to predict who is a friend and who is an enemy,” says Pimm. He describes field experiments in which a predator is removed from a community. You might expect its prey, species A, to thrive.

39、 (4)But about half the time species A suffers because the predator has another prey species B, competing with species A. With the population of species B no longer kept in check by predator, it may even push species A to local extinction.Business ecosystems face problem of deciding who is a friend a

40、nd who is an enemy. And the bad news doesnt stop here. “When everything is connected directly or indirectly to everything else, changes in one part of the system may be propagated throughout,” says Pimm. (60) “Sometimes species may go extinct though no fault of their own.”【答案】1. 在復(fù)雜的企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，企業(yè)之間有時合作有時

41、競爭，更重要的挑戰(zhàn)是創(chuàng)造機(jī)會并適應(yīng)變化。2. 隨著資源和市場的開發(fā)，傳統(tǒng)的收益遞減理論被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家亞瑟提出的收益遞增理論取代。3. 如果商業(yè)系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有一些基本的共同點，那么老板們就會擔(dān)憂。4. 但物種A總是遭殃，因為捕食者有另一個獵物物種B，而物種B與物種A競爭。5. 有時，盡管不是自身的錯，物種也可能會滅絕。12.單選題The original guidelines only have some methods in them. Now we are going to _ exactly what kind of food is good for their health and wha

42、t is bad.問題1選項A.make clear it to the publicB.make it to the public clearC.make it clear to the publicD.make clear to the public it is【答案】C【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：原來的指南中只有一些方法?，F(xiàn)在我們要讓公眾清楚地知道什么樣的食物對他們的健康有好處，什么是不好的。be going to 后面用動詞原形，結(jié)合固定搭配make sth.+adj. to sth.“使A對B來說”，確定C選項make it clear to the public符合題意

43、，其余用法錯誤。因此C選項正確。13.單選題You will see this product _ wherever you go.問題1選項A.advertiseB.advertisingC.to be advertisedD.advertised【答案】D【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：無論你到哪里，都能看到這個產(chǎn)品的廣告。當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺的動詞feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作賓語補足語時,不定式必須省略to。根據(jù)謂語動詞是see，橫線部分是賓語product的賓補，確定省略to；根據(jù)產(chǎn)

44、品和打廣告是被動關(guān)系，確定用被動語態(tài)，D選項advertised符合題意。A選項advertise是動詞原形；B選項advertising是現(xiàn)在分詞形式；C選項to be advertised未省略to。因此D選項正確。14.單選題It was courageous enough for Galileo to _ the falling object theory developed by Aristotle, the authoritative Greek scientist.問題1選項A.advanceB.defyC.justifyD.translate【答案】B【解析】【試題解析】考查動

45、詞辨析。A選項advance“（常指為攻擊而）前進(jìn)；（尤指知識）發(fā)展”；B選項defy“違抗；向挑戰(zhàn)”；C選項justify“證明有理”；D選項translate“翻譯；轉(zhuǎn)化”。句意：伽利略有足夠的勇氣_由權(quán)威的希臘科學(xué)家亞里斯多德提出的落體理論。根據(jù)語境，這里指伽利略為了科學(xué)的發(fā)展而質(zhì)疑落體理論，B選項defy“違抗；向挑戰(zhàn)”符合題意。因此B選項正確。15.翻譯題(1) Stan Belin (斯坦貝林) was born in the 1930s to an urban family locked in the grip of the Great Depression. His was a

46、 fractured family, one in which his parents fought constantly. I lived with a feeling of impending doom, he says. This fear drove him to be a model child.Stan has a vivid memory of once leaning against a bridge railing as a boy and gazing at a handsome party boat passing below. He could see people o

47、n deck enjoying their outing. (2) It was a scene of comfort and luxury he could hardly have imagined. That mental picture influenced the boys idea of success. His goals became money, power, and prestige.Stan did well in school. He found his greatest academic success in his science courses. But he la

48、cked the confidence to pursue a medical career and turned to dentistry as a quicker route to his lifes goals.(3) He married a young woman he had known since high school, and for over 20 years Stan and Jane lived a life that many people would envy. His reputation spread, the money started rolling in

49、and he was appointed to a prestigious position by his state government. Two healthy children were born.(4) The family had a magnificent house, expensive automobiles and took exotic vacations.The crowning touch for Stan came when he bought a luxury yacht and sailed to the bridge where, as a child, he

50、 had first glimpsed what he hoped would be his future. “I told Jane the story,” he says. (5) “As I spoke, I realized that something was all wrong. I possessed everything I had ever dreamed of, but I felt very sad and hopeless. What was worse, I knew it would never change.”Then in the early 1980s, a

51、doctor friend invited Stan to dinner. The friend said he had been using cocaine as an antidepressant. He described it as a marvelous no addictive drug. Stan decided the drug might be just right for his own depression.【答案】1. 斯坦貝林出生于20世紀(jì)30年代一個陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條困境之中的城市家庭。2. 這種舒適與奢侈的情景是他無法想象的。這一情景銘刻在他的腦海里，影響著他對成功的

52、看法。3. 他娶了一位中學(xué)時代就認(rèn)識的女子為妻，20多年來，他和妻子簡過著令人稱羨的生活。4. 他們有華麗的住宅和昂貴的汽車，還常常出國度假。5. 說話時，我忽然意識到情況很不對勁。我已擁有曾經(jīng)夢寐以求的一切，但卻感到悲傷無望。更糟糕的是，我知道這種狀況將永遠(yuǎn)不會改變。16.單選題I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.問題1選項A.your delaying to makeB.you delay to makeC.you to delay makingD.your delaying making【答案】D【解析】【試題

53、解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推遲做決定。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，delay doing sth.“推遲做某事”，mind和delay后跟動名詞做賓語，D選項your delaying making符合題意。其余選項用法錯誤。因此D選項正確。17.單選題The director was critical_ the way we were doing the work.問題1選項A.ofB.withC.atD.in【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：主任對我們工作的方式提出了批評。be critical of sb./sth.“對某人/某事

54、批判”，A選項of符合題意。其余選項用法錯誤。因此A選項正確。18.單選題The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recen

55、tly issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, accor

56、ding to the U.S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and strengthen the tax

57、 base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as h

58、igh as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and

59、 benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401(k) and Ke

60、ogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.The Hudson Institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work