2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號99

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題In 1924, a Mexican philosopher wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This of man is being borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense

2、 if not the anthropological (a.人類學(xué)的) sense. A vast mosaic (n.拼盤) of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim. From the perspective of a world submerged in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable. It

3、 is truly striking.What is common aim that harmonizes competing cultures in one place?It is not only the better living standard. What attracts immigrants to America is the essential characteristic of American culture: the chance to try. There is a combination of two things that are important: cultur

4、e and space. The culture allows you to try to be somebodyto find yourself, your place, your status. And there is space not only in a geographical sense, but in the sense of opportunity, of social mobility. In societies that are in crisis or are stagnant(a.停滯的)or even are stable there is no chance to

5、 try.If the immigrant to America at first fails, he always thinks, “I will try again.”If he had failed in the old society, he would be discouraged and pessimistic, accepting the place that was given to him. In America, hes thinking, “I will have another chance, I will try again.” That keeps him goin

6、g. Hes full of hope.【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲學(xué)家在他的一本著作中，夢想著未來地球上所有不同種族都融合成一種類型人的可能性。在文化的意義上，即便不是在人種的意義上，這樣一種類型的人正在洛杉磯誕生。由不同種族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行為組成的巨大合成體正奔向一個(gè)共同的目標(biāo)。世界充滿著宗教的、種族的、民族的沖突，從這個(gè)角度來看，這種融洽的合作令人難以置信。也的確令人矚目。使得在一個(gè)地區(qū)的相互競爭的文化和諧共存的共同目標(biāo)是什么呢？目標(biāo)不僅僅是更高的生活水準(zhǔn)。吸引移民前來美國的是美國文化的主要特性：有嘗試的機(jī)會(huì)。文化與空間這兩個(gè)重要方面結(jié)合了起來。文化使你得想辦法出人頭

7、地去發(fā)現(xiàn)自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。還有空間，不僅僅是地理意義上的空間，更是指機(jī)會(huì)，指社會(huì)身份的流動(dòng)性。在充滿危機(jī)的社會(huì)中，在停滯不前的社會(huì)中甚至在那些穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)中沒有嘗試的機(jī)會(huì)。如果美國移民開始時(shí)遭遇失敗，他總是想：“我要再試一下”。如果他在原來的社會(huì)中遭遇失敗，他就會(huì)失去信心，變得悲觀失望，接受自己所處的地位。在美國，他想的是：“我還會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)，我還要試一下?！边@使他堅(jiān)持下去。他充滿了希望。2.翻譯題學(xué)習(xí)外語對我來說是非常艱辛的經(jīng)歷，但卻是一種無比珍貴的經(jīng)歷。它不僅使我知道了艱苦努力的意義，而且，使我認(rèn)識了不同的文化，讓我以一種全新的思維去看待事物，學(xué)習(xí)外語最令人興奮的收獲是我能與更多

8、的人交流。我樂于與人交談，新的語言使我能與以前不認(rèn)識的人交往，參與他們的談話，并建立新的難以忘懷的友誼?，F(xiàn)在我已能夠說英語，別人講英語時(shí)我不再茫然不解了。我能夠參與并結(jié)交朋友。我能理解別人的話，并能夠彌合我所說的語言和所處的文化與他們的語言和文化之間的鴻溝。盡管我還是常常出錯(cuò)，仍處于繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)階段，但我已嘗到刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的甜頭?！敬鸢浮縇earning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life. It not only taught me the value o

9、f hard work, but also gave me insights into another culture, and my mind was opened to new ways of seeing things. The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. Talking with people is one of my favorite activities, so be

10、ing able to speak a new language lets me meet new people, participate in conversations, and form new, unforgettable friendships. Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends. I am able to reach out to others and b

11、ridge the gap between my language and culture and theirs. Although I still made many mistakes and was continually learning, I had finally reaped the benefits of all that hard work.3.單選題When asked for your views about your （ ）job, on no account must you be negative.問題1選項(xiàng)A.currentB.contemporaryC.occas

12、ionalD.universal【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。current意為“目前的，當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的”；contemporary意為“當(dāng)代的，現(xiàn)代的”；occasional意為“偶爾的，不經(jīng)常的”；universal意為“普遍的，一般的”。句意：當(dāng)被問到你對當(dāng)前工作的看法時(shí)，你決不能消極。4.翻譯題Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the lives of all members of society. All the goods and services you buy, t

13、he stores where you shop and the radio and TV programs paid for by advertising are there because of marketing. Each of you has been involved in marketing activities at one time or another. Perhaps you have tried to sell a used textbook back to the campus book store or to convince your parents to fin

14、ance a spring vacation. You may not have known it at the time, but you were performing marketing activities. Marketing often has special importance for students. Many of you will work in marketingwhether in sales, retailing, advertising, or another fieldin a for-profit firm or a nonprofit organizati

15、on. Through this chapter you will find some information in different areas of marketingin sales, advertising, marketing concept, marketing mix, marketing research, understanding buyer behavior, market segmentation(細(xì)分)and other areas.What does a business firm do in our economy? Reduced to basics, bus

16、inesses have two major functions: production of goods or creation of services and marketing those goods and services. To be successful in todays competitive marketplace, people in business realize that they must first determine peoples needs and wants, and then produce goods and services to satisfy

17、them. A company, whether it is Ford Motor Company or a small retailer, is in business to create want-satisfying goods and services for its customers. Goods and services that do not satisfy consumers are forced out from the market, since consumers do not buy them.【答案】市場營銷對組織來說很重要，對于消費(fèi)者來說也同樣重要。它涉及所有社會(huì)

18、成員的生活。你購買的所有商品和服務(wù)，購物的商店，以及通過廣告付費(fèi)的廣播和電視節(jié)目，都是源于市場營銷。你們每個(gè)人都曾或多或少地接觸過營銷活動(dòng)。也許你試圖把一本用過的教科書賣給校園書店，或者說服你的父母為你的春節(jié)假期提供資金。你當(dāng)時(shí)可能不知道，但你確實(shí)在進(jìn)行營銷活動(dòng)。市場營銷對學(xué)生來說往往具有特殊的重要性。你們中的許多人將在營利性公司或非營利性組織從事市場營銷工作，無論是銷售、零售、廣告推銷還是其他領(lǐng)域。經(jīng)過這一時(shí)期，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不同領(lǐng)域市場營銷的一些信息，如銷售、廣告、營銷概念、營銷組合、市場調(diào)研、消費(fèi)者行為分析、市場細(xì)分等其他領(lǐng)域。企業(yè)在我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)中扮演什么樣的角色呢？從根本上來說，企業(yè)有兩個(gè)主要

19、功能：生產(chǎn)商品或創(chuàng)造服務(wù)，以及對這些商品和服務(wù)進(jìn)行市場營銷。為了在當(dāng)今競爭激烈的市場中取得成功，商界人士意識到他們必須首先確定人們的需求，然后生產(chǎn)商品和服務(wù)來滿足這些需求。任何一家公司，無論是福特汽車公司還是一家小型零售商，都致力于為客戶創(chuàng)造滿足需求的商品和服務(wù)。無法讓消費(fèi)者滿意的商品和服務(wù)將被市場淘汰，因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者不會(huì)購買。5.單選題Agriculture was a step in human progress （ ）which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.問題1選項(xiàng)A.in

20、B.forC.toD.from【答案】C【解析】介詞辨析題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是agriculture，填空處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)和comparable搭配的介詞，只有介詞to能與之搭配，意為“可比較的，比得上是”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。6.單選題If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as bu

21、siness and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.Thats especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornells School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelors degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with sala

22、ries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesnt pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no lon

23、ger considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion（銷蝕）of corporate（公司的）faith in specialized degrees, Michigan States Scheetz cites a pattern i

24、n corporate hiring practices, although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isnt constrained（限制）by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Scheetz. This sounds suspiciously like a fo

25、rmal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve

26、problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts（文科）people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things, says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, Math

27、ematics, economics, science, human behaviorplus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize，“A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz. 1.What kinds of people are in

28、 high demand on the job market?2.By saying “.but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Line3, Para. 3), the author means （ ）.3.According to Scheetzs statement (Lines4-5, Para. 4), companies prefer（ ）.4.David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because（ ）.5.Which of the

29、 following statements does the author support?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Students with a bachelors degree in humanities.B.People with an MBA degree from top universities.C.People with formal schooling plus work experience.D.People with special training in engineering.問題2選項(xiàng)A.most MBA programs fail to provide students wi

30、th a solid foundationB.an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC.MBA programs will not be as popular in five years time as they are nowD.in five years people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got問題3選項(xiàng)A.people who have a strategic mindB.people who are talented i

31、n fine artsC.people who are ambitious and aggressiveD.people who have received training in mechanics問題4選項(xiàng)A.they are more capable of handling changing situationsB.they can stick to established ways of soiling problemsC.they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD.they have attended

32、 special programs in management問題5選項(xiàng)A.Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B.Formal schooling is less important than job training.C.On-the-job training is in the long run, less costly.D.Generalists will outdo specialists in management.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:A第4題:A第5題:D【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第

33、一段最后一句“A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.”最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，企業(yè)喜歡那些只需要很少的在職培訓(xùn)就能立即上手工作的商業(yè)和衛(wèi)生保健等領(lǐng)域的畢業(yè)生。再根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education c

34、oupled with work experience.”尤其是大公司，要求有正規(guī)教育背景和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。由此可知，受過正規(guī)教育加上有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人在就業(yè)市場上的需求量最大，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。第2題:判斷推理題。作者在下文也就是第四段給出了解釋：密歇根州立大學(xué)的Scheetz援引了企業(yè)招聘實(shí)踐中的一種模式，進(jìn)一步證明企業(yè)對持有專業(yè)學(xué)位人士的信心正在減弱。雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會(huì)找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可推斷，作者認(rèn)為“MBA學(xué)位無助于晉升到管理職位”，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“They want someone who isnt co

35、nstrained（限制）by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture, says Scheetz.”Scheetz說：“他們想要一個(gè)不受細(xì)枝末節(jié)限制且能顧全大局的人。也就是具有戰(zhàn)略思維的人，” 選項(xiàng)A正確。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“David Birch”定位到最后一段第四句“I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things, says Birch.”Birch說:“我只聘用文科人才，因?yàn)樗麄冏鍪碌姆绞讲荒敲此腊濉！?/p>

36、也就是說，他們有能力處理變化無常的事情，選項(xiàng)A正確。第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.”雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會(huì)找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可知，在管理層面，全能型人才勝過專業(yè)型人才。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。選項(xiàng)A，B，C在文中均沒有提及。7.單選題They had to eat a(n)（ ）meal, or

37、 they would be too late for the concert.問題1選項(xiàng)A.temporaryB.hastyC.immediateD.urgent【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。temporary “暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”；hasty “匆忙的，輕率的”；immediate “立即的，直接的”；urgent “緊急的，急迫的”。句意：他們只能急匆匆地吃了飯，不然音樂會(huì)他們就會(huì)遲到了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。8.單選題There was a big hole in the road which （ ）the traffic.問題1選項(xiàng)A.set backB.stood backC.he

38、ld upD.kept down【答案】C【解析】詞組辨析題。set back推遲，使.受挫折；stand back退后；hold up舉起，阻擋，攔截；keep down控制，鎮(zhèn)壓。句意：路上有個(gè)大坑，阻礙了交通。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。9.單選題The survey found 80 percent of viewers were （ ）by the violent scenes in the film.問題1選項(xiàng)A.damagedB.alertedC.offendedD.discouraged【答案】C【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。damage損害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻

39、止，使氣餒。句意：調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，80%的觀眾會(huì)被電影中的暴力鏡頭所觸怒。be offended by意為“被.觸怒”，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。10.單選題Henrys news report covering the conference was so （ ）that nothing had been omitted.問題1選項(xiàng)A.understandingB.comprehensibleC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。understanding “理解”；comprehensible “可理解的”；comprehensive “綜合的；廣

40、泛的”；understandable “可以理解的”。句意：亨利的新聞報(bào)道非常詳盡，幾乎沒有遺漏。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。11.單選題Her letter was in such a causal scrawl, and in such pale ink, that it was almost （ ）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.unintelligibleB.vagueC.ambiguousD.illegible【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unintelligible “莫名其妙的”；vague “模糊的，含糊的”；ambiguous “模糊不清的”；illegible “難辨認(rèn)的；字跡模糊的”。句意：

41、她信中的字跡非常隨意,加上墨水很淡，幾乎難以辨認(rèn)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。12.單選題As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by socio

42、logists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one o

43、f mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on （擾亂） Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the s

44、harper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy （精通技術(shù)的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally

45、 independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of si

46、ngles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles, they were young beautiful, strong! Now, young peopl

47、e want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which

48、would make life with someone else fairly difficult”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates. So relationship

49、s dont last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a fami

50、ly. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because（ ）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are（ ）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that（ ）.5

51、.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD.they are pessimistic about their economic future問題2選項(xiàng)A.It has fostered the

52、trend towards small familiesB.It is getting closer to American-style capitalismC.It has limited consumer choice despite a free marketD.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization問題3選項(xiàng)A.warm and lightheartedB.on either side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy問題4選項(xiàng)A.some mod

53、ern women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable問題5選項(xiàng)A.To review the impact of women becoming high ear

54、nersB.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualismC.To examine the trend of young people living aloneD.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:D第4題:A第5題:C【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第四句話提到“法國社會(huì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)上個(gè)世紀(jì)從家庭生活轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閭€(gè)人生活是個(gè)人主義必然的一部分”（The shift away from family life to solo lifes

55、tyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over last century），選項(xiàng)A“他們被個(gè)人主義所驅(qū)使”符合題意。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句話提到“現(xiàn)在獨(dú)居的人出現(xiàn)在歐洲從社會(huì)民主轉(zhuǎn)向更尖銳、更個(gè)人主義的美國式資本主義期間”（The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharpe

56、r, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism），選項(xiàng)B“它正在接近美國式資本主義”符合題意。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到最新的獨(dú)居者是一些三四十歲的高收入者，他們年輕、漂亮、強(qiáng)壯 （the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice；they were young beautiful, strong），選項(xiàng)D“健康的和富有的

57、”符合題意。第4題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段引用的話“我想做我想做的事情：過自主的生活”（Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life”），由此可知現(xiàn)代女人都期望過自主的生活，因此選項(xiàng)A“很多現(xiàn)代女人想過自由的生活”符合題意。第5題:主旨大意題。文章從一開始到結(jié)尾就是在講述獨(dú)居人群從之前的退休人群，尤其是老年婦女（pensioners, particularly elderly women）到現(xiàn)在的年輕的高收入者這樣一個(gè)趨勢，選項(xiàng)C“為了探究年輕人獨(dú)居的趨勢”符合題意。13.單選題On Ne

58、w Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor （ ）which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.問題1選項(xiàng)A.incidentB.eventC.caseD.affair【答案】B【解析】同義詞辨析題。四個(gè)詞都有事件的意思，incident指的是突發(fā)的，概率較小的事件；event指大型的活動(dòng)或事件；case一般指案件；affair一般指私事。句意：在新年前夕，紐約市舉行了一場戶外活動(dòng)，吸引了100多萬人參加。根據(jù)參加的人數(shù)可推測活動(dòng)規(guī)模之大，所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。14.單選題A good way to

59、 （ ） a language is to live in the native culture with the native speakers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.requireB.acquireC.inquireD.sustain【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。require “需要”；acquire “獲得，取得；學(xué)到”；inquire “詢問，查究”；sustain “維持，支撐”。句意：學(xué)習(xí)一種語言的好方式是跟那里的本地人一樣居住在那個(gè)國家。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。15.單選題The importance of interior design becomes （ ）when we reali

60、ze how much time we spend surrounded by four walls.問題1選項(xiàng)A.attractiveB.appropriateC.evidentD.obscure【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。attractive意為“有魅力的，吸引人的”；appropriate意為“適當(dāng)?shù)?，合適的”；evident意為“明顯的，明白的”；obscure意為“昏暗的，朦朧的”。句意：當(dāng)我們意識到我們花了多少時(shí)間待在家里時(shí)，室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的重要性就變得明顯了。16.單選題George （ ）an agonizing 48-hour wait for the results of