科技英語的特點講解課件

1、1.3 科技英語中的一些常用句型111一、make +名詞+形容詞這樣會使問題變得容易些.This makes the problem easy/easier. 這樣能使金屬更硬些.This makes the metal harder/hard.hardens 這樣能使金屬變長。This makes the metal longer. = This lengthens the metal.make +名詞+形容詞這樣能使螺栓更緊些。This makes the screw tighter. = This tightens the screw. 這樣能使洞更深些.This makes the

2、hole deeper. = This deepens the hole.二、enable, allow, make+ 不定式Enable, allow, make, cause, permitSafety valves allow/permit the steam to escape. 安全閥能使蒸氣（從鍋爐中）排出好的生產(chǎn)方法能使工廠生產(chǎn)更多的汽車。 Good production methods enable the factory to manufacture more cars.顯微鏡能使科學(xué)家們觀測非常小的物體。 A microscope enables the scientist

3、s to examine very small objects.enable, allow, make+ 不定式 enable, allow, make, cause, permit溫度計能使醫(yī)生（為病人）測體溫。 A thermometer enables the doctor to measure body temperature.伸縮接頭能使管子延長或縮短。 Expansion joints allow/permit the pipes to expand or contract.安全閥能使蒸氣（從鍋爐中）排出。 Safety valves allow/permit the steam

4、to escape. enable, allow, make+ 不定式熱使金屬熔化。 The heat caused the metal to melt.= The heat makes the metal melt.火車速度太快，使其在彎道處出軌了。 The speed of the train caused it to leave the rails on the curve.= The speed of the train made it leave the rails on the curve.三、It is + 形容詞+不定式It iswas seems appears proves

5、 becomeseasyto do sth.+It is possibleimpossibleto do sth.+It is necessaryunnecessaryto do sth.+It is + 形容詞+不定式commonIt is usualunusualto do sth.+It is to do sth.+It is usefuluselessto do sth.+這些形容詞都是帶有主觀評價色彩的，如： easy， possible / impossible， useful / useless ， necessary / unnecessary ， usual / unusua

6、l四、It is + 形容詞+ thatIt is evident that these currents will generate heat in the core of the magnet.It is likely that eddy currents will be produced in the core of the magnet.obviousclearpossiblethat 引出一個主語從句，it 是無人稱主語例：顯然，這些電流會使磁鐵中心產(chǎn)生熱。例：在磁鐵中心很可能會產(chǎn)生渦流電流。It is + 動詞+ thatIt should be noted that this e

7、nergy can not be destroyed, only changed into other forms.realizedIt is assumed that the gas temperature in the cylinder is constant.例：需要注意/明白的是，這種能量是不能消失的， 只能轉(zhuǎn)化成其它形式。例：假定氣缸中氣體溫度為定值。It is decided that the production should begin in a few months.It is + 動詞/形容詞+ thatIt is desirable that these currents

8、 should be eliminated as far as possible.essentialarrangedplanned例：最好盡可能地把這些電流除掉。例：已經(jīng)決定在幾個月內(nèi)開始生產(chǎn)。It is known that proved例：已知， 眾所周知， 據(jù)證，It should be noted that will例：應(yīng)當(dāng)注意到/應(yīng)該看到/應(yīng)當(dāng)知道， realizednoticedappreciatedIt can be shown that 例：可以證明， proveddemonstrated五、句末 + ing 子句 連接兩個陳述句的一種方法 同 and 的意思一樣； 相當(dāng)于 s

9、ince 的意思，進一步解釋； 說明第一句話的后果或時間的接續(xù)。例：The starter motor is switched off, the engine accelerating under its own power.關(guān)閉啟動馬達，發(fā)動機依靠它自己的動力加速。例： The normal type of crank shaft is used, the upper pistons being operated by crossheads.使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲（柄）軸，上活塞便由十字頭操作。andand句末 + ing 子句例： The proton is the opposite of the e

10、lectron, being a particle of positive electricity.質(zhì)子與電子性質(zhì)相反，它是一種帶正電的離子。例： Mercury is most commonly used in thermometers, having a constant coefficient of expansion.由于水銀的膨脹系數(shù)是常數(shù)，它常常用于溫度計中。sincesince通常可以在第二個句子（子句）前加一個詞，thus 或 thereby說明第一句話的后果例： The rivet contracts as it cools, drawing the plates toget

11、her.鉚釘冷卻收縮時，便把鋼板禁固在一起。例： The rivet contracts as it cools, thereby drawing the plates together.六、引出問題的幾種方法用 “It is necessary to ”It is necessary to determine whether those results are correct.用 “as to” 引出A decision should be taken as to which data is correct.Research is going on as to how the industr

12、ial pollution can be controlled.用“It is doubtful / not clear / unknown how ”引出It is doubtful how accurate these results are.或 It is not clear how accurate these results are.引出問題的幾種方法用 “depend on what / how”引出The progress of the project will depend on what the weather conditions are like.The progress

13、 of the project will depend on how efficient the organization is.用 “according to what / how” 引出The type of pump used will vary according to what type of liquid is being pumped.The type of pump used will vary according to how much liquid is being pumped.2七、定義句型（definition）用定義說明某物、某現(xiàn)象的形體特征、結(jié)構(gòu)特點、用途或功能，

14、從而區(qū)別于其他事物和現(xiàn)象A Geiger counter is a device which measures radiation.An equilateral figure is a plane figure with all sides equal in length.An acid is a compound which neutralizes a solution of sodium hydroxide, such as sulfuric acid or nitric acid. 酸，例如硫酸或硝酸，是能夠中和氫氧化鈉溶液的化合物。定義的分類通用定義特指定義擴展定義通用定義An eng

15、ineer is a person who designs machines, buildings or public works.Aluminium（鋁） is a white metal which is light, weak, and resistant to corrosion. Liquids are states of matter with constant volume but variable shape. A dentist is a doctor who takes care of peoples teeth.A knife is a tool used for cut

16、ting.A library is a room or a series of rooms containing a large number of books.Carbon is an element with an atomic weight of 12.01.通用定義公式A x is a 通用分類詞 + Which is v. + ed v. +ed With + 名詞短語 v. + ing 或 for v. + ing Prep. + which With the property of v. + ingAluminium（鋁） is a white metal which is li

17、ght, weak, and resistant to corrosion.A knife is a tool used for cutting.Carbon is an element with an atomic weight of 12.01.A library is a room or a series of rooms containing a large number of books.特指定義A saw is a tool with toothed edge, used for cutting things.A key-hole saw is a saw with a narro

18、w blade, used for cutting holes in wood.通用定義特指定義特指定義的特點被定義事物是特指的，帶有限定語.分類詞往往是重復(fù)被定義事物的中心詞，不是通用分類詞.Is 后的名詞帶有修飾語.A thermometer is an instrument to measure temperature.An alcohol thermometer is a thermometer used principally for measuring temperature below freezing point of mercury.通用定義特指定義擴展定義Aluminium

19、 is a metal which is light in weight. Consequently, it is widely used for the manufacture of aircraft.A match box is a small container used for holding match sticks. It consists of two main parts: the box itself and a rough striking surface.擴展定義由通用定義通過例證、對比、對照、或說明擴展而成，也稱段落定義擴展定義通用定義 + 例證通用定義 + 用途通用定

20、義 + 主要組成部分. Common examples are . Typical examples are , such as . Therefore, .Consequently,. As a result,. It is used . One of its main uses is . It consists of + main parts . Its main components are two threethese擴展定義Phosphate is a mineral which is an essential element is high-yielding soil. There

21、fore, it is used as a fertilizer. A razor（剃刀）is a extremely sharp cutting instrument used for shaving. It consists of two main parts: the blade, or cutting edge, and a handle.練習(xí)：說明下列各定義的類型，并譯成漢語：1、An equation is a mathematical expression in which the two sides balance, such as 1=2-1 and 52=25.2、A cigarette lighter is a device for igniting cigarettes. It consists of three main parts: the housing, the flint, and the lighter fluid.3、Copper is a metal which is a good conductor of electricity. As a result, it is widely used in the electrical industry.特指定義擴展定義組成擴展定義用途4、Sedimentary