2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)藝術(shù)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)47

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)藝術(shù)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（）thought,timeandeffort.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.significant

B.considerable

C.great

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)significant“重大的，有意義的”；B選項(xiàng)considerable“相當(dāng)大的，可觀的”；C選項(xiàng)great“偉大的，極好的”；D選項(xiàng)numerous“很多的”。句意：寫(xiě)作是一個(gè)緩慢的過(guò)程，需要大量的思考、時(shí)間和努力。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

Theinkhasfadedwithtimeandsopartsoftheletterwere（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.indelible

C.disable

D.illegible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)possible“可能的，合理的”；B選項(xiàng)indelible“難忘的，擦不掉的”；C選項(xiàng)disable“使殘廢”；D選項(xiàng)illegible“難以辨認(rèn)的，字跡模糊的”。句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，墨水已經(jīng)褪色，所以信的某些部分難以辨認(rèn)。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Inthefilmwesawlastnight,thehero（）hiswifetodeathwithhissword.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.throat

B.thrust

C.trust

D.thread

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近異義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)throat“用嗓音說(shuō)”；B選項(xiàng)thrust“插入，猛刺”；C選項(xiàng)trust“信任”；D選項(xiàng)thread“通過(guò)，穿線于”。句意：在我們昨晚看的電影中，英雄用劍刺死了他的妻子。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

Inorderto（）agoodknowledgeofEnglish,hegaveuphisjobandwenttostudyinanEnglishschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

D.address

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)require“需要，要求”；B選項(xiàng)inquire“詢問(wèn)”；C選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得”；D選項(xiàng)address“演說(shuō)，致辭”。句意：為了獲得英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，他放棄了工作，到一所英語(yǔ)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

5.單選題

Iknowyou’vegotasmoothtongue,sodon’ttalkme（）buyingit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.down

C.out

D.into

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)talkaway“不斷的談”；B選項(xiàng)talkdown“說(shuō)服，駁倒”；C選項(xiàng)talkout“講出來(lái)”；D選項(xiàng)talkinto“說(shuō)服某人做某事”。句意：我知道你很會(huì)說(shuō)話，所以不要?jiǎng)裎屹I(mǎi)這個(gè)。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

FamedsingerStevieWondercan’tseehisfansdancingathisconcerts.Hecan’tseethehandsofhisaudienceastheyapplaudwildlyattheendofhissuperstition.

Blindfrombirth,Wonderhaswaitedhiswholelifeforachancetosee.Recently,WondervisitedMarkHumayan,avisionspecialist.HethoughtthatanewdevicecurrentlybeingstudiedbyHumayanmightofferhimthatchance.

Thedevice,aretinalprosthesis,isatinycomputerchipimplantedinsideapatient’seye.Thechipsendsimagestothebrainandallowssomesightlesspeopletoseeshapesandcolors.Wonderhopedtheretinalprosthesismightworkforhim.“I’vealwayssaidthatifeverthere’spossibilityofmyseeing,”saidWonder,“thenIwouldtakethechallenge.”

UnfortunatelyforWonder,thatchallengewillhavetowait.Humayanexplainedthatthedeviceisn’treadyforpeoplewhohavebeenblindsincebirth.Theirbrainsmaynotbeabletohandlesignalsfromaretinalprosthesisbecausetheirbrainshaveneverhandledsignalsfromahealthyeye.

Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.Perhapsonedaysoon,someformerlysightlesspeoplemaybeinWonder’saudiencelookingup—andseeinghim—fortheveryfirsttime.

Wonder’swillingnesstotakepartinretinalprosthesisstudiesandtheresultsofthosestudiesaregivingnewhopetopeoplewhothoughttheywouldbeblindfortherestoftheirlives.MorethanonemillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesareconsideredlegallyblind,meaningthattheireyesightisseverelyimpaired.Anotheronemillionaretotallyblind.

Twotypesofspecializedcellsintheretina—rodsandcones—arecriticalforpropervision.Lightenterstheeyeandfallsontherodsandconesintheretina.Thosecellsconvertthelighttoelectricalsignalswhichtravelthroughtheopticnervetothebrain.Thebraininterpretsthosesignalsasvisualimages.Rodsdetectlightatlowlevelsofillumination.Forinstance,rodsallowyoutoseefaintshadowsindimmoonlight.Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.Somediseasescandamagecellsintheretina.Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.

Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.Differentformsofretinalprosthesesarecurrentlybeingdeveloped.Ononetype,atinycomputerchipisembeddedintheeye.Thechiphasagridofabout2,500light-sensingelementscalledpixels.

Lightenteringtheeyestrikesthepixels,whichconvertthelightintoelectricalsignals.Thepixelsthensendtheelectricalsignalstonervecellsbehindtheretina.Thosecellssendsignalsviatheopticnervetothebrainforinterpretation.

Manypeoplewhohavehadaretinalprosthesisimplantedsaytheycanseeshapes,colors,andmovementsthattheycouldn’tseebefore.“Itwasgreat,”saidHaroldChurchey,whoreceivedhisretinalprosthesis15yearsafterhebecametotallyblind.“Toseelightaftersolong—itwasjustwonderful.Itwasjustlikeswitchingalighton.”

1.WhydidSteveWondervisitMarkHumayan?

2.WhomisMark'sretinalprosthesisreadyfor?

3.Fordetectingcolors,wedepend,inthefirstplace,on（）

4.Whydoesmaculardegenerationcauseblindnessandothervisionproblems?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefunctionofretinalprosthesisistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.HethoughtMark'sdevicemightrecoverhiseyesight.

B.HethoughtMarkmightneedhishelpindevelopingthedevice.

C.HethoughtMarkmightwanttolistentohisSuperstition.

D.HethoughtMarkmightimplantachipintohisrighteye.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Forthosewhohavebeenblindfrombirth.

B.Forthosewhostillhavefaintvision.

C.Fortheblindwhooncehadeyesight.

D.Forthosewhostillhaveonehealthyeye.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.interpretationbythebrain.

B.conesoftheretina.

C.rodsoftheretina.

D.opticnerve.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Maculardegenerationcausesimproperinterpretationbythebrain.

B.Maculardegenerationmakestheretinalesssensitivetothelight.

C.Maculardegenerationchangesthefunctionsofrodsandcones.

D.Maculardegenerationcausesinadequatesupplyofbloodintheretina.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanpreventsomeeyedisorders.

B.Itcancuresomeeyedisorders.

C.Itcanhelprecovereyesighttosomedegree.

D.Itcanrepairthedamagedcones.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“Wonder自打出生眼睛就看不見(jiàn)，他一生都在等待一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。最近，Wonder拜訪了視力專家MarkHumayan。他認(rèn)為目前Humayan正在研究的一種新裝置可能會(huì)給他提供這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)?！庇纱丝芍琒teveWonder拜訪MarkHumayan的原因是他認(rèn)為MarkHumayan的設(shè)備可能會(huì)恢復(fù)他的視力，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段的第一句“Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.然而，視網(wǎng)膜假體和其他裝置在幫助許多曾經(jīng)有過(guò)視力的盲人重見(jiàn)光明方面展現(xiàn)出了巨大的希望。”由此可推斷，Mark的視網(wǎng)膜假體裝置是為那些曾經(jīng)有過(guò)良好視力的人準(zhǔn)備的，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第七段的內(nèi)容可知，視網(wǎng)膜中有兩種特殊的細(xì)胞對(duì)正常的視力至關(guān)重要——桿狀細(xì)胞和視錐細(xì)胞。第七段還提及“Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.另一方面，視錐細(xì)胞對(duì)顏色最敏感。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“maculardegeneration”定位到第七段后半部分的內(nèi)容“Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.例如，黃斑變性導(dǎo)致美國(guó)每年有70萬(wàn)人失明和其他視力問(wèn)題。這種情況是由于缺乏足夠的血液供應(yīng)到視網(wǎng)膜的中央部分。沒(méi)有血液，視網(wǎng)膜中的桿狀細(xì)胞、視錐細(xì)胞和其他細(xì)胞就會(huì)死亡。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第八段的首句“Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.像視網(wǎng)膜假體這樣的設(shè)備不能預(yù)防或治愈我們的眼病，但它們可以幫助有視力障礙的患者重獲一些視力?！庇纱丝芍?，視網(wǎng)膜假體能在一定程度上幫助恢復(fù)視力，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

7.單選題

Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.predictable

C.dependable

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)favorable“有利的，良好的”；B選項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)測(cè)的”；C選項(xiàng)dependable“可靠的，可信賴的”；D選項(xiàng)reasonable“合理的”。句意：隨著環(huán)境的不斷變化，結(jié)果并不總是可以預(yù)測(cè)的。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

AsforAnn,Iamnotsureabouther（）inItalian.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluency

B.clarity

C.coherence

D.excellency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fluency“（語(yǔ)言，文章）流利”；B選項(xiàng)clarity“清晰，清楚”；C選項(xiàng)coherence“一致，連貫性”；D選項(xiàng)excellency“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，美德”。句意：至于安，我不確定她的意大利語(yǔ)是否流利。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Becausethemonkeysunderstudyarehabituatedtothepresenceofhumanbeings,theytypicallydisregardhumanobserversandgoabouttheirbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.welcome

B.ignore

C.disrespect

D.avoid

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：因?yàn)楸谎芯康暮镒右呀?jīng)習(xí)慣了人類的存在，它們通常不理會(huì)人類的觀察，只顧自己的事。A選項(xiàng)welcome“歡迎”；B選項(xiàng)ignore“忽視，不理睬”；C選項(xiàng)disrespect“失禮，不敬”；D選項(xiàng)avoid“避免”。disregard意為“忽視，無(wú)視”，選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近，代入符合語(yǔ)境。

10.翻譯題

國(guó)畫(huà)(Chinesepainting)是世界上最古老的藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)之一。繪畫(huà)時(shí)用毛筆蘸黑墨或彩墨在紙張或絲綢上作畫(huà)。根據(jù)表現(xiàn)手法，國(guó)畫(huà)可分為寫(xiě)意派(theXieyiSchool)和工筆派(theGongbiSchool)兩大類。寫(xiě)意派以自由表達(dá)和形式夸張為特點(diǎn)；工筆派則注重以精細(xì)的筆法描繪細(xì)節(jié)。山水畫(huà)被公認(rèn)為國(guó)畫(huà)的最高形式?？v觀歷史，不同時(shí)期的國(guó)畫(huà)都相應(yīng)地反映出人們的社會(huì)意識(shí)。

【答案】Chinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestartistictraditionsintheworld.Thepaintingisdoneonpaperorsilkwithabrushdippedinblackorcoloredink.Accordingtothemeansofexpression,ChinesepaintingscanbedividedintotwocategorieswhicharetheXieyiSchoolandtheGongbiSchool.TheXieyiSchoolischaracterizedbyfreeexpressionandexaggeratedforms,whiletheGongbiSchoolattachesimportancetodetailwithfinebrushwork.LandscapepaintingiswidelyregardedasthehighestformofChinesepainting.Throughouthistory,theChinesepaintingsatdifferenttimesmirrorpeople'ssocialconsciousnessaccordingly.

11.翻譯題

由19世紀(jì)的后印象派開(kāi)始，凡高、賽尚、高更三個(gè)人的創(chuàng)作理念和風(fēng)格是現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的開(kāi)端。他們之所以在美術(shù)史上重要因?yàn)樗麄兪情_(kāi)拓者。所以在談?wù)摰浆F(xiàn)代藝術(shù)時(shí)我們無(wú)法跨過(guò)這三個(gè)大師。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在的后現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)與現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)又是不同的，后現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)同樣是對(duì)之前的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的思考和反叛，也只有在不斷的創(chuàng)新與反叛中，藝術(shù)的歷史才能被延續(xù)。

【答案】Startingfromthepost-impressionismofthe19thcentury,thecreativeideasandpersonalstylesofVanGogh,CezanneandGauguinarethebeginningofthemodernart.Thereasonwhytheyareimportantinarthistoryisbecausetheyarepioneers.Sowhenwetalkaboutmodernartwecannotignorethesethreemasters.Ofcourse,nowadaysthepost-modernartisdifferentfrommodernart.Thepost-modernartisareflectiononandarebellionagainstthepreviousmodernart.Onlyintheconstantinnovationandrebellioncanthehistoryofartbecontinued.

12.單選題

Theco-operativespiritthatispresentinsuchpack-huntersaswolvesislargelyabsentfromtheworldoftheprimate.Competitivenessanddominanceistheorderofthisday.

Competitioninthesocialhierarchyis,ofcourse,presentinbothgroups,butitislesstemperedbyco-operativeactioninthecaseofmonkeysandapes.Complicated,coordinatedmaneuversarealsounnecessary:sequencesoffeedingactiondonotneedtobestrungtogetherinsuchacomplexway.Theprimatecanlivemuchmorefromminutetominute,fromhandtomouth.

Becausetheprimate'sfoodsupplyisallarounditforthetaking,thereislittleneedtocovergreatdistances.Groupsofwildgorillas,thelargestofthelivingprimates,havebeencarefullystudiedandtheirmovementstraced,sothatwenowknowthattheytravelonaverageaboutathirdofamileaday.Sometimestheymoveonlyafewhundredfeet.Carnivores,bycontrast,mustfrequentlytravelmanymilesonasinglehuntingtrip.Insomeinstancestheyhavebeenknowntotraveloverfiftymilesonahuntingjourney,takingseveraldaysbeforereturningtotheirhomebase.Thisactofreturningtoafixedhomebaseistypicalofthecarnivores,butisfarlesscommonamongstthemonkeysandapes.True,agroupofprimateswillliveinareasonablyclearlydefinedhomerange,butatnightitwillprobablybeddownwhereverithappenstohaveendedupinitsday'smeanderings.Itwillgettoknowthegeneralregioninwhichitlivesbecauseitisalwayswanderingbackandforthacrossit,butiswilltendtousethewholeareainamuchmorehaphazardway.Also,theinteractionbetweenonetroopandthenextwillbelessdefensiveandlessaggressivethanisthecasewithcarnivores.Aterritoryis,bydefinition,adefendedarea,andprimatesarenottherefore,typically,territorialanimals.

Asmallpoint,butonethatisrelevanthere,isthatcarnivoreshavefleasbutprimatesdonot.Monkeysandapesareplaguedbyliceandcertainotherexternalparasites,but,contrarytopopularopinion,theyarecompletelyflealess,foroneverygoodreason.Tounderstandthis,itisnecessarytoexaminethelife-cycleoftheflea.Thisinsectlaysitseggs,notonthebodyofitshost,butamongstthedetritusofitsvictimssleepingquarters.Theeggstakethreedaystohatchintosmall,crawlingmaggots.Theselarvaedonotfeedonblood,butonthewastematterthathasaccumulatedinthedirtofthedenorlair.Aftertwoweekstheyspinacocoonandpupate.Theyremaininthisdormantconditionforapproximatelytwoweeksbeforeemergingasadults,readytohopontoasuitablehostbody.Soforatleastthefirstmonthofitslifeafleaiscutofffromitshostspecies.Itisclearfromthiswhyanomadicmammal,suchasamonkeyorape,isnottroubledbyfleas.Evenifafewstrayfleasdohappentohopontooneandmatesuccessfully,theireggswillbeleftbehindastheprimategroupmoveson,andwhenthepupaehatchtherewillbenohost‘a(chǎn)thome'tocontinuetherelationship.

Thewritersaysofthesociallifeofmonkeysandapesthatthey（）.

1.Accordingtothewriter,gorillas（）.

2.Thewritersaysthatprimatesshowlittlehostility（）.

3.Monkeysandapesarenottroubledbyfleasbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheco-operativespiritpresentinsuchpack-huntersas5.wolvesislargelyabsentfromtheworldoftheprimatesbecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arenotallowedbytheirsocialcodetodominateotherindividualsbeforetheyhavecompetedwitheachother

B.competeduringtheday,butturntoaco-operativepatternwhendarknessfalls

C.havetobeonconstantwatchagainstotherspeciesthatmightdrivethemaway

D.liveinaverycompetitivesociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.prefertostayneartheirhome

B.movefromplacetoplacewithinalimitedarea

C.arefollowedwhentheytravelbyotheranimals

D.movearoundlookingforfoodaccordingtoafairlyregularpattern

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.towardssoldiersandotherhumanbeings

B.excepttowardsanimalssuchaslions,leopards,tigersorwildcats

C.unlesstheirownparticularareaisinvaded

D.towardsothergroupsofthesamespeciesofmonkeyorape

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefleas,whenfullydeveloped,arenotnormallywheretheprimatesare

B.theydonotmindthefleas

C.theharmfultypeoffleararelygetsontothem

D.thefleasrelationshipwiththemisimportantbiologically

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.wolvesaremoredefensiveandaggressivethanprimates

B.primatesaremorefriendlythanwolves

C.itisnotsodifficultforprimatestoobtainfoodasforwolves

D.primatesarenotterritorialanimals

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Competitioninthesocialhierarchyis,ofcourse,presentinbothgroups,butitislesstemperedbyco-operativeactioninthecaseofmonkeysandapes.當(dāng)然，社會(huì)等級(jí)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)在兩個(gè)群體中都存在，但在猴子和猿這兩個(gè)群體當(dāng)中，這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)較少因合作行為而緩和?！倍?，在上一段的最后一句中也提及“Competitivenessanddominanceistheorderofthisday.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和統(tǒng)治才是現(xiàn)如今的規(guī)則”。由此可以推斷出，它們都生活在一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“gorillas”定位到第三段。第三段首句提及“因?yàn)殪`長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物的食物來(lái)源在它們周圍，所以它們幾乎不需要走很遠(yuǎn)的路。”野生大猩猩是現(xiàn)存靈長(zhǎng)類中最大的一種，而且下文還提及，靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物會(huì)生活在一個(gè)相當(dāng)明確的家庭范圍內(nèi)。由此可推斷，大猩猩它們會(huì)在有限的區(qū)域內(nèi)從一個(gè)地方移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)地方，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“theinteractionbetweenonetroopandthenextwillbelessdefensiveandlessaggressivethanisthecasewithcarnivores.與食肉動(dòng)物相比，一個(gè)群體和另一個(gè)群體之間的互動(dòng)會(huì)降低防御性和攻擊性?！币簿驼f(shuō)，靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物對(duì)其他群體中的同類，如猴子或猿類，不會(huì)表現(xiàn)出很大的敵意，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。原文最后一段提及，靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物身上沒(méi)有跳蚤是和跳蚤的生命周期相關(guān)。這種昆蟲(chóng)并不在寄主的身體上產(chǎn)卵，而是在寄主睡覺(jué)的地方的碎屑中產(chǎn)卵。至少在跳蚤生命的第一個(gè)月里，它是與宿主隔絕的。后面又以猴子進(jìn)行了舉例，即使有幾只游離的跳蚤碰巧跳到其中一只猴子身上并成功交配，它們的卵也會(huì)留在這個(gè)靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物群體的身后，當(dāng)蛹孵化時(shí)，沒(méi)有宿主在“家里”能夠繼續(xù)這種關(guān)系了。也就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)跳蚤發(fā)育完全后，通常已經(jīng)不在靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物所在的位置了，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“社會(huì)等級(jí)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)在兩個(gè)群體中都存在，但在猴子和猿這兩個(gè)群體當(dāng)中，這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)較少因合作行為而緩和。復(fù)雜的、協(xié)調(diào)的動(dòng)作也是不必要的：喂食動(dòng)作的順序不需要以如此復(fù)雜的方式串在一起。這種靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物可以現(xiàn)掙現(xiàn)吃，滿足目前對(duì)食物的需要?！庇纱丝芍?，靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物獲得食物并不像狼那么困難，所以像狼這樣的群體捕獵者身上所表現(xiàn)出的合作精神在靈長(zhǎng)類世界中是很少見(jiàn)的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.單選題

Aftera37-yearadvertisingcareeratYoung&Rubicam,PeterA.Georgescuisfindingtimetopromoteafewcausesthatareasdeartohim.

Mr.Georgescu,66,whooncemanagedwell-knowncampaignslikethe“SofterSideofSears,”retiredaschairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicamin2000,buthesaysheisnowin“themostwonderfulchapterofmylife.”

Itisanaptmetaphorbecausehisbook,TheSourceofSuccess(Jossey-Bass,$27.95)isbeingpublishedthismonth.ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.

“Theonlywaythisnationcancompetewiththosethatproducehigh-qualityproductsatalowerpriceisbygeneratingideasthatbuildaspecialrelationshipwithconsumers,”hesaid.“Everyonehasbuildingsandtechnology;thosearecommodities.Theonlyleverageableassetinthefuturewillbecreativity.”

AnyprofitfromhisbookwillgotoacharitycalledBetterChance,whichfindsbrightchildreninsomeofthenation'spoorestneighborhoodsandhelpsthemtoattendoutstandinghighschools,includingprivateprepschoolslikethePhillipsExeterAcademyinNewHampshire.

Mr.Georgescu,anExeteralumnus,receivedabachelor'sdegreeinpoliticalsciencefromPrincetonandanM.B.A.fromStanfordbeforestartingatYoung&Rubicamin1963.

HesaidhecountedhimselfluckytohavegainedadmissiontoExeterin1954,whenhearrivedintheUnitedStatesattheageof15fromhisnativeRomaniaafterspendingsevenyearsinaCommunistlaborcamp.

“Ihadbeencleaningsewers,andIspokelittleEnglish,butsomeonegavemeachance,”hesaid.“Iwanttodothatforotheryoungpeoplewhoaredisadvantaged.”

HealsovolunteersasaboardmemberoftheNewYorkPhilharmonic.Inthebusinessworld,heholdsthetitleofchairmanemeritusofYoung&Rubicamandservesasadirectorforseveralcompanies.

Heandhiswife,Barbara,liveinManhattanandhaveasonandthreegranddaughters.Herisesat6a.m.mostdaystorunfivemiles,partlyalongtheEastRiver.

“That'showItorturemyself,”hesaid.

1.Fromthefirst3paragraphsweknowthatMr.Georgescuis（）.

2.WhatareMr.GeorgescuviewsaboutthemajorchallengesfacingAmerica?

3.AccordingtoMr.Georgescu,thefutureofeconomiccompetitionliesin（）.

4.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“Exeter”(Line1,Para.6)isthenameof（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anauthor

B.anadvertiser

C.theauthorofthe“SofterSideofSears”

D.chairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicam

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ChinaandIndia.

B.Competitionandcreativity.

C.Competitionfromtheemergingeconomies.

D.AneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.goodideas

B.consumers

C.commodities

D.creativity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ahighschool

B.acharity

C.asmalltown

D.arefugeeshelter

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AManager’s37-yearAdvertisingCareer

B.TheSourceofSuccess

C.TwoMajorChallengesFacingAmerica

D.AGratefulStudentReturnstheFavor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文第一段提及，作者曾經(jīng)是一名廣告商，而題干問(wèn)的是現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；“SofterSideofSears”是一場(chǎng)活動(dòng)不是書(shū)名，選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D同樣也是他過(guò)去的職位，所以不正確。原文第三段提及，他的新書(shū)《成功之源》即將出版，由此可知，他是一名作者，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.這本書(shū)的目的是解釋Georgescu所認(rèn)為的美國(guó)面臨的兩大挑戰(zhàn)：來(lái)自中國(guó)和印度等新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，以及培養(yǎng)美國(guó)公司更多創(chuàng)造力的需要?！焙?jiǎn)而言之，也就是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和創(chuàng)造力。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段的內(nèi)容，Mr.Georgescu認(rèn)為美國(guó)要想與那些以較低價(jià)格生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，唯一的辦法就是想出與消費(fèi)者建立特殊關(guān)系的點(diǎn)子。大家都有建筑和技術(shù)；這些都是商品。未來(lái)唯一可以利用的資產(chǎn)將是創(chuàng)造力。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.詞義推斷題。上文提及“‘更好機(jī)會(huì)’的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助一些貧困社區(qū)里聰明的孩子上優(yōu)秀的高中，包括新罕布什爾的菲利普斯埃克塞特學(xué)院等私立預(yù)科學(xué)校。”由此可知，“Exeter”指的是高中學(xué)校，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是圍繞著Mr.Georgescu的新書(shū)《成功之源》展開(kāi)，所以選項(xiàng)B作為標(biāo)題更恰當(dāng)。

14.單選題

Theauthorofthebookhasshownhisremarkablykeen（）intohumannature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intellect

B.insight

C.perception

D.understanding

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intellect“智力，理解力”；B選項(xiàng)insight“洞察力，洞悉”；C選項(xiàng)perception“知覺(jué)，感覺(jué)”；D選項(xiàng)understanding“理解”。句意：這本書(shū)的作者對(duì)人性有非常敏銳的洞察力。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Therecitalist'sperformancewasadelightfullyfreeandintrospectiveone;nevertheless,itwasalso,seeminglyparadoxically,quite（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appealing

B.controlled

C.idiosyncratic

D.unskilled

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appealing“吸引人的”；B選項(xiàng)controlled“受控制的”；C選項(xiàng)idiosyncratic“特殊的”；D選項(xiàng)unskilled“不熟練的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“paradoxically”可知，填空處填入的詞應(yīng)和前面所表達(dá)的意思相反，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。句意：獨(dú)奏者的表演是一場(chǎng)無(wú)拘無(wú)束的、令人愉快的、內(nèi)省的表演。然而，看似矛盾的是，它也受到了相當(dāng)?shù)目刂?。選項(xiàng)B正確。

16.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat（）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time.

D.Timesavingdevices.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNewInternetLife.

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess.

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance.

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?...“No,quitecontrary.”（我們?cè)诠ぷ?、家庭和社區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量是否與我們生活中引入的所有新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)成正比？……“不，完全相反?！保┛芍狢選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)實(shí)際上導(dǎo)致了他們生活質(zhì)量的下降”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本應(yīng)解放我們的科技奇跡，卻開(kāi)始把我們束縛在一個(gè)似乎無(wú)法輕易擺脫的聯(lián)系網(wǎng)中）但并不是說(shuō)網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代變成了技術(shù)的奴隸，因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我們的每一個(gè)空閑時(shí)間都充滿了某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系，使時(shí)間本身成為所有資源中最稀缺的）可知選C。

4.推理判斷題。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?（有沒(méi)有人問(wèn)過(guò)，高速發(fā)展的文化是否讓我們所有人都變得不那么有耐心，不太愿意傾聽(tīng)、推遲、考慮和反思？）可知D選項(xiàng)“科技可能會(huì)使人失去耐心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了科技給人們生活帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，因此B選項(xiàng)“使用過(guò)多的缺點(diǎn)”符合題意。

17.單選題

Heisanactorof（）whohasneverabandonedhisprinciplesforthesakeofhisownbenefits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.stability

C.scarcity

D.dignity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)integrity“完整，正直，誠(chéng)實(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)stability“穩(wěn)定性，堅(jiān)定”；C選項(xiàng)scarcity“不足，缺乏”；D選項(xiàng)dignity“尊嚴(yán)，高貴”。句意“他是一個(gè)正直的演員，從不為了自己的利益而放棄自己的原則?！边x項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

18.單選題

Asthesilentfilm（）sound,sodidthesoundfilm（）color.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cryoutfor;cryoutfor

B.criedoutfor;criedoutfor

C.hadcriedoutfor;cryoutfor

D.hadcriedoutfor;criedoutfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，后半句為部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，助動(dòng)詞did提到了主語(yǔ)前面，所以第二空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，由此可排除選項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)D。前半句描述的事情發(fā)生在后半句之前，因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。句意“正如無(wú)聲電影迫切需要聲音一樣，有聲電影也迫切需要色彩。”

19.單選題

The（）betweenthetwoplayingperiodsofafootballgameisonlyafewminutes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.internal

B.reserve

C.interval

D.radium

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)部”；B選項(xiàng)reserve“預(yù)備，儲(chǔ)存”；C選項(xiàng)interval“間隔，間距”；D選項(xiàng)radium“鐳”。句意：足球比賽兩場(chǎng)比賽之間的間隔只有幾分鐘。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

20.單選題

Cultureisthetotalsumofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranot