2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)22

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

[A]Althoughpearlsmaybeformedbyanyshelledmollusk,themostvaluablepearlsareobtainedfrom[B]theoysters.Exceptfor[C]imitationpearls,whichareentirelyman-made,allpearlsareformedasecretionaroundanirritatingbodythatentersthesofttissueofamollusk.[D]Iftheirritatingbodyentersthemolluskbyaccident,anaturalpearlforms.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.theoysters

C.imitationpearls

D.Iftheirritatingbody

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠詞用法。B選項(xiàng)處oysters是復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指，前面不應(yīng)加定冠詞the。

2.單選題

Wecomplainofthedarknessinwhichweliveoutourlives:wedonotunderstandthenatureofexistenceingeneral;weespeciallydonotknowtherelationofourownselftotherestofexistence.Notonlyisourlifeshort,ourknowledgeislimitedentirelytoit,sincewecansee（

）backbeforeourbirth（

）outbeyondourdeath,sothatourconsciousnessisasitwerealightning-flashmomentarilyilluminatingthenight:ittrulyseemsasthoughademonhadmaliciouslyshutoffallfurtherknowledgefromussoastoenjoyourdiscomfiture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.either...or

B.neither...nor

C.both…and

D.notonly…butalso

【答案】B

【解析】考查并列連詞?？崭裉幘湟猓何覀兊闹R(shí)局限于此，“······出生之前，······我們死亡之后?！蔽覀儗?duì)于生前死后的知識(shí)應(yīng)為否定狀態(tài)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)表示否定。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.這些新設(shè)立的企業(yè)帶動(dòng)了上千萬(wàn)人就業(yè)，而且成長(zhǎng)性強(qiáng)，是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)新的支撐力量。我們不僅降低市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入門(mén)檻，采取“雪中送炭”的政策支持這些新設(shè)企業(yè)，還加強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管、創(chuàng)造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，織密社會(huì)保障安全網(wǎng)、讓創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新者無(wú)后顧之憂，培植企業(yè)健康成長(zhǎng)的沃土。

2.中國(guó)是醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域國(guó)際合作的倡導(dǎo)者、推動(dòng)者和踐行者，始終致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際人口與發(fā)展大會(huì)行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)，全面落實(shí)聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程特別是健康領(lǐng)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，積極開(kāi)展對(duì)外醫(yī)療援助和全球應(yīng)急處置，認(rèn)真履行健康領(lǐng)域國(guó)際公約，勇于承擔(dān)國(guó)際人道主義責(zé)任。

3.貧困的廣泛存在嚴(yán)重妨礙人權(quán)的充分實(shí)現(xiàn)和享有。減緩和消除貧困，是人權(quán)保障的重要內(nèi)容。多年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府堅(jiān)持消除貧困、改善民生、逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕，持續(xù)開(kāi)展以農(nóng)村扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)為中心的減貧行動(dòng)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)脫貧致富。

【答案】1.Thesenewbusinesshavegeneratedmorethan10millionjobs,andhavebecomeanewpillarofChina’seconomicgrowththankstotheirstronggrowthprospect.Wehavenotonlyloweredthethresholdofmarketaccessbyofferingmuch-neededpolicysupporttothesenewly-establishedbusinesses,butalsoenhancedon-goingandex-postoversight,createdamarketenvironmentfeaturingfaircompetition,andimprovedthesocialsecuritynetwork,sothatthoseinvolvedinentrepreneurshipandinnovationwillhavenoadditionalworriesandwillgrowhealthilyonthelandwehavefosteredforthem.

2.Chinaadvocates,promotesandcarriesoutinternationalmedicalandhealthcooperation.ItisfirmlycommittedtorealizingtheProgramofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,andimplementingtheUnitedNations2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment,especiallysustainabledevelopmentgoalsrelatingtohealth.Chinaactivelyprovidesmedicalaidtoothercountries,andpromptlyconductsglobalemergencyresponses.Itearnestlyimplementsinternationalhealthconventionsandshouldersitsinternationalhumanitarianresponsibilities.

3.Povertyissowidespreadthatithasseriouslyhinderedthefulfilmentandenjoymentofhumanrights;reducingandeliminatingpovertyisthereforeamajorelementofhumanrightsprotection.Overtherecentdecades,theChinesegovernmenthaspreservedinitsattempttoeliminatepoverty,improvepeople’swell-being,andgraduallyrealizecommonprosperity.Ithasmadecontinuousdevelopment-orientedpoverty-reductioneffortsinruralareastohelpthosewhoarestrivingtoescapefrompovertyandimprovethequalityoftheirlives.

4.單選題

Sowhygothroughthe3-to-5year,gruelingandpainfulprocessofgettingadegreewhenyoucanjustgetajobstraightoutofcollegeandgetonwithyourlife,makingasalaryandworkingonstuffthatmatters?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arduous

B.hilarious

C.dreadful

D.straightforward

【答案】A

【解析】劃線詞grueling和后面的painful“痛苦的”都是用來(lái)描述獲得學(xué)位的過(guò)程。A選項(xiàng)arduous“努力的；費(fèi)力的”；B選項(xiàng)hilarious“歡鬧的；情不自禁的”；C選項(xiàng)dreadful“可怕的；糟透的”；D選項(xiàng)straightforward“簡(jiǎn)單的；徑直的”。綜合分析句意和選項(xiàng)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項(xiàng)“費(fèi)力的”更合適，C選項(xiàng)過(guò)于極端。

5.單選題

（1）

Player1maynotknowtheseparticularwordsofwisdom,butchancesareshe'sthinkingmuchthesameasshetriestodecidewhethertosendPlayer2someofher$10stake.Ifshedoes,themoneywillbetripled,andheranonymouspartnercanchoosetoreturnnone,some,orallofthecash.ButwhyshouldPlayer2sendanythingback?AndwhyshouldPlayer1giveanythinginthefirstplace?Despitetheironlogicofthisargument,shetypesinhercommandtosendsomemoney.Afewmomentslatershesmiles,seeingfromherscreenthatPlayer2hasreturnedatidysumthatleavesthembothshowinganetprofit.

（2）

BasedonexactlythesamecoldlogicthatPlayer1dismissed,theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthatineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers,whereonehastomakedecisionsbasedonaforecastofanother'sresponse,theoptimalleveloftrustiszero.Yetdespitetheeconomicorthodoxy,thebehaviorofPlayers1and2isnotexceptional.Infact,overthecourseofhundredsofsuchtrials,itturnsoutthatabouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.

Zakisaleadingprotagonistintherelativelynewfieldofneuroeconomics,whichaimstounderstandhumansocialinteractionsthrougheverylevelfromsynapsetosociety.Itisahugelyambitiousundertaking.Bylayingbarethemysteriesofsuchnebuloushumanattributesastrust,neuroeconomistshopetotransformourself-understanding.（3）

“Aswelearnmoreabouttheremarkableinternalorderofthemind,wewillalsounderstandfarmoredeeplythesocialmindandthereforetheexternalorderofpersonalexchange,andtheextendedorderofexchangethroughmarkets.”

（4）

AsZak’scollaboratorSteveKnackoftheWorldBankpointsout:“Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry'seconomichealth.Wheretrustislow,individualsandorganizationsaremorewaryaboutengaginginfinancialtransactions,whichtendstodepressthenationaleconomy.”

Andtrustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations.TheWorldValuesSurvey,basedattheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,hasaskedpeopleincountriesaroundtheworld,“Doyouthinkstrangerscangenerallybetrusted?”thepositiveresponseratevariesfromabout65%inNorwaytoabout5%inBrazil.（5）

“Policy-makersintheselattercountriesmightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels,”observesKnack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica—riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:G

第3題:F

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.此句為整篇文章的開(kāi)頭，用意大利的諺語(yǔ)引入主題，“信任是件好事，但最好不要信任?！?，根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，主要講到了玩家一和玩家二之間的金錢(qián)交易行為以及是否彼此信任，可知，文章的主題為信任關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D符合文意。

2.文章第一段主要用實(shí)例說(shuō)明了經(jīng)濟(jì)交易中的信任關(guān)系，也是對(duì)意大利諺語(yǔ)的一種反駁和證明，說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)交易中是存在信任關(guān)系的。文章第二段把這種信任再次放到經(jīng)濟(jì)理論中進(jìn)行了討論。所以第一段實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)果不僅是對(duì)諺語(yǔ)的一種蔑視，而且是對(duì)第二段中提到的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段，主要提到了Zak的相關(guān)理論和觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榭崭裆衔奶岬搅薢ak這個(gè)人物，所以下文用he來(lái)指代。選項(xiàng)F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第四段，可知主要提到信任是影響一個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)最強(qiáng)大的因素之一，所以本段的首句應(yīng)與國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第五段，主要內(nèi)容為不同國(guó)家之間的信任水平存在差異，并給了一些統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)?？崭袂敖o出了挪威和巴西有關(guān)信任度的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，可判斷出空格中會(huì)繼續(xù)列舉數(shù)據(jù)。又根據(jù)空格后文，提到后面一類的國(guó)家迫切需要提升國(guó)民信任度?？芍崭裰袝?huì)列舉一些國(guó)民信任度較低的國(guó)家，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

6.單選題

Nevertheless,researchersofthePleistoceneepochhavedevelopedallsortsofmoreorlessfancifulmodelschemesofhowtheywouldhavearrangedtheIceAge（

）inchargeofevents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadbeen

B.hadtheybeen

C.theyhadhavebeen

D.werethey

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句。If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句省略if時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)前，形成主謂倒裝。題干中had提到they前面，形成部分倒裝。How引導(dǎo)的這個(gè)句子的正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是：Iftheyhadbeeninchargeofevents,theywouldhavearrangedtheIceAgeinfancifulmodelschemes。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

35.Voluntaryandnon-remunerateddonationmaybesufficientforacountryoraregion[A]tocoverallitsbloodproductneeds,but[B]requireanefficientorganizationandtheeliminationof“spuriousAltruism”,non-monetaryformsofcompensation[C]thatharmthesocialimageofvoluntarydonationandobstruct[D]itsfurtherdevelopment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tocoverallits

B.require

C.thatharm

D.its

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。B選項(xiàng)的require主語(yǔ)是donation，單數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)把require改為requires。

8.單選題

Incontrasttounmonitoredworkersdoingthesamework,（

）withoutexceptionidentifiedthemostimportantelementintheirjobsascustomerservice,themonitoredworkersandsupervisorsallrespondedthatproductivity（

）thecriticalfactorinassigningratings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which...are

B.who...was

C.that...were

D.which...is

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。第一個(gè)空格指代前面句子中的名詞unmonitoredworkers。第二個(gè)空格處做賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)是productivity，因此只能用三單形式。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。baseon“基于”，which指代先行詞sufficientgrounds。baseon中的介詞on前置，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

oncerningspeculation,philosophylooksuponthingsfromthebroadestpossibleperspective;forcriticism,ithasthetwofoldroleofquestioningandjudgingeverythingthatpertainseithertothefoundationsortothesuperstructureofhumanthinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inebriates

B.forsakes

C.relates

D.emaciates

【答案】C

【解析】Pertain作為后半句的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，后面有to與之相搭配。選項(xiàng)中常與to搭配的只有relate。A選項(xiàng)inebriate“灌醉，使陶醉”；B選項(xiàng)forsake“放棄，斷念”；C選項(xiàng)relate“有聯(lián)系，涉及”；D選項(xiàng)emaciate“使消瘦”。從句意上來(lái)說(shuō)，也只有C選項(xiàng)relate相符合。

11.單選題

Withalltheseartsandpursuitsofpracticallife,theintellectualbusinessofthinking—ofsuchthinkingatleastasiscommontomostmen—andofcommunicatingthought,hasasortofaffinityandresemblance.For,unquestionably,itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomyandprudentstewardshipofthatever-shiftingmassofincomingandoutgoingthoughtswhichmakeupourintellectualestateandproperty.Andthisisthemorenecessarythegreaterarethetreasuresofthoughtpossessedbyourage.For,inthehighlyrapidinterchangeofandtrafficinideas,whichiscarryingon,thereceiptsanddisbursementsarenotalwaysdulybalanced.Thereismuchcause,therefore,tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould,byallmeans,wishtogainavictory,notindeedforyou,butwithyou,oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought,whichare,however,butcheatsandcounterfeitswhichdistractthemindsofthepresentgeneration,disturbtheharmonyoflife,andbanishpeaceevenfromtheintellectualworld.Andasrespectsthethirdillustration:Ishouldindeedrejoiceashaving,inagreatmeasure,attainedmyobject,ifonlyIshallsucceedindirectingyourattentiontosomestarinthehigherregionofintellect,whichhithertowaseithertotallyunknown,or,atleast,neverbeforefullyobserved.Butaboveall,Ithinkitnecessarytoobservefurther,thatinthesamewayasphilosophylosessightofitstrueobjectandappropriatematter,wheneitheritpassesintoandmergesintheology,ormeddleswithexternalpolitics,soalsodoesitmaritsproperformwhenitattemptstomimictherigorousmethodofmathematics.InthemiddleofthelastcenturyscarcelywastheretobefoundaGermanmanualforanyofthesciencesthatdidnotapethemathematicalstyle,andwhereeverysinglepositioninthelongarrayofinterminableparagraphsdidnotconcludewiththesolemnactofdemonstrativephraseology.Butitisalsowellknownthatthephilosophywhichwaspropoundedinthisinappropriateformandmethodwascrammedfoilof,nay,rather,washardlyanythingmorethanatissueofarbitrary,nowforgotten,hypotheses,whichhavenotbroughttheworldatallnearertothetruth—notatleasttothattruthwhichphilosophyisinsearchof,andwhichissomethinghigherthanamereexampleofaccuratecomputation.Andeveninthepresentday—although,indeed,theapplicationismadeinaverydifferentwayfromformerly—Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies,inwhichallthings,eventhemostopposite,admitofbeingcomprisedandblendedtogether.But,beitasitmay,thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction.Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual(Geistige).Asinacorrectarchitecturalstructureitisnecessarythatallitspartsshouldbeinunison,andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably,soineveryphilosophicalcommunication,thesolidsimplebasisbeinglaid,thearrangementofalltheparts,andthecarefulrejectionandexclusionofallforeignmatter,isthemostessentialpoint,bothforinternalcorrectnessandexternalperspicuity.But,intruth,thematterinhandbearsafarcloserresemblanceandaffinitytonaturalobjectswhichliveandgrow,thantoanylifelessedificeofstone;toagreattree,forinstance,noblyandbeautifullyspreadingoutonallsidesinitsmanyarmsandbranches.Assuchatreestrikesthehastyandpassingglance,itformsasomewhatirregularandnotstrictlyfinishedwhole;thereitstands,justasthestemhasshotupfromtheroot,andhasdivideditselfintoacertainnumberofbranches,andtwigs,andleaves,whichlivinglymovebackwardandforwardinthefreeair.Butexamineitmoreclosely,andhowperfectappearsitswholestructure!Howwonderfulthesymmetry,howminutelyregulartheorganizationofallitsparts,evenofeachlittleleafanddelicatefiber!Inthesamewaywilltheever-growingtreeofhumanconsciousnessandlifeappearinphilosophy,wheneveritisnottornfromitsrootsandstrippedofitsleavesbyapretendedwisdom,butisvividlyapprehendedbyatruescience,andexhibitedandpresentedtothemindinitslifeanditsgrowth.

1.Themainpurposeofthearticleis（

）.

2.Whatistheauthor’sconcernasexpressedthroughthefirstmetaphoricexposition?

3.Thesecondconcernoftheauthorrefersto

（

）.

4.Whatisthefunctionoftheauthor’sfrequentusageofrhetoricalfiguresofspeech?

5.Inthepassage,theauthoroutlinesapleafor（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toclarifythesystemofeconomictheory

B.tosuggestanewsystemofphilosophy

C.tocriticizethesystemofmathematics

D.toillustratethesystematicdialectics

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Randomdisbursementofproposalsandhypothesis.

B.Aconfusionofalgebraicformularies.

C.Anunwarrantedlossofappropriatereference.

D.Violationofintellectualpropertyrights.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.avariegatedsetoffallacies

B.acantankeroustypeofpessimism

C.unqualifiedquackery

D.theproliferationofmetaphysics

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Definition.

B.Clarification.

C.Exemplification.

D.Illustration.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.rigor

B.topicality

C.reliability

D.flexibility

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.主旨大意題。文中提到“itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomy”，這是眾多關(guān)系創(chuàng)建明智經(jīng)濟(jì)體的哲學(xué)問(wèn)題之一。其中it是指前面的“theintellectualbusinessofthinking”，后續(xù)圍繞哲學(xué)及思想展開(kāi)闡述，因此B選項(xiàng)“提出一種新的哲學(xué)體系”符合題意。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。作者的第一次metaphoricexposition“隱喻性闡述”出現(xiàn)在“…tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.”即擔(dān)憂對(duì)最高貴的精神天賦的輕率和奢侈的揮霍會(huì)成為普遍現(xiàn)象，擔(dān)憂由于缺乏可靠的資本安全地投資于重要的思想和永恒的真題，虛假和毫無(wú)根據(jù)的信用體系會(huì)涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)。所以作者擔(dān)心的是思想天賦的消耗，C選項(xiàng)“不適當(dāng)?shù)膿p失”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。文中提到“Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould…wishtogainavictory…oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought”，本句說(shuō)到，作者希望戰(zhàn)勝思想中的那些錯(cuò)誤和假想。因此A選項(xiàng)“各種錯(cuò)誤的見(jiàn)解”符合題意。

第4題:4.寫(xiě)作手法題。文中幾處“hasasortofaffinityandresemblance”“Asforthesecondsimile”“andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably”等修辭手法都是為了生動(dòng)說(shuō)明文中提出的新哲學(xué)體系。因此B選項(xiàng)clarification“說(shuō)明”符合題意。

第5題:5.作者意圖題。在文中，作者由“Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies…thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction”說(shuō)到德國(guó)哲學(xué)只是一些代數(shù)公式，這種復(fù)雜的機(jī)械示范永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)產(chǎn)生真正的、內(nèi)在的、充分的信念。后又說(shuō)到“Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual”，哲學(xué)真正需要的方法是與前面提及的德國(guó)哲學(xué)相反的。通過(guò)前后文，作者呼吁的是與“機(jī)械示范”相對(duì)的“靈活性”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly（

）theentireindustrialsector.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivate“激勵(lì)；刺激”；B選項(xiàng)encompass“包含；包圍”；C選項(xiàng)entice“慫恿；誘使”；D選項(xiàng)undercut“削（價(jià)）競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；削弱”。句意：1910年，超過(guò)60萬(wàn)的黑人工人，或者說(shuō)10%的黑人工人報(bào)告說(shuō)他們從事“制造業(yè)和機(jī)械制造業(yè)”，這一聯(lián)邦人口普查類別大致……整個(gè)工業(yè)部門(mén)。綜合句意與選項(xiàng)可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Oneoftheimportantcorollariestotheinvestigativepoweristhepowertopublicizeinvestigationsand[A]theirresults.Mostcommitteehearingsare[B]opentopublicandarereportedwidelyinthemassmedia.Congressionalinvestigations[C]thusrepresentoneimportanttoolavailabletolawmakerstoinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterest[D]innationalissues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.their

B.opentopublic

C.thusrepresent

D.in

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠詞。public表示“公眾”時(shí)，前面應(yīng)加定冠詞，因此B選項(xiàng)opentopublic應(yīng)該為opentothepublic。

14.單選題

Fewpeoplehavethetimethatisrequiredtomastera“full”knowledgeofaforeignlanguageand（

）stillwouldbetomakethemuchpracticaluseofsuchalanguage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.less

C.much

D.fewer

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)?？崭袂暗腶nd表明前后兩個(gè)部分是并列關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)均為people，是集合名詞，先排除B和C選項(xiàng)。前半句句意：很少有人有時(shí)間去掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)的“全部”知識(shí)。為了保持并列關(guān)系，后面只能使用fewer：仍然需要大量實(shí)際地使用這樣一種語(yǔ)言的人就更少了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved（

）ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatheistothink

B.tothink

C.thatheisthinking

D.tobethinking

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，才會(huì)使用itisbelievedthat…的形式，因此排除A和C選項(xiàng)。句意：人們相信財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)正在考慮征收新稅以增加額外收入。由句意可知此處應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)tobethinking表示“正在考慮”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

（1）Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

（2）Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?（3）

Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.

Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”

Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)（4）

Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.

（5）Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.

【答案】1.當(dāng)然，他們找不到哪怕一點(diǎn)證據(jù)表明以上的傷害與失去政府援助給窮人造成的傷害有任何可比性。

2.第三個(gè)，也是與此密切相關(guān)的，旨在減輕我們對(duì)窮人的責(zé)任的設(shè)計(jì)，是公共援助措施對(duì)激勵(lì)產(chǎn)生不利影響的論點(diǎn)。

3.您真的相信我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的大人物們，比如說(shuō)公司的法人或者總經(jīng)理，會(huì)因?yàn)橘嵉纳俣沼问趾瞄e，不思工作嗎？這是對(duì)美國(guó)商人，特別是努力工作的商人們的誹謗。信念可以是真理的仆從，也可以是便利的仆從。

4.無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的是，沒(méi)有任何一種對(duì)人的壓迫和對(duì)思想努力的束縛更甚于來(lái)自身無(wú)分文的壓迫和束縛。

5.我們常聽(tīng)到當(dāng)富人抱怨他們的自由因征稅導(dǎo)致收入減少而受限，卻不曾聽(tīng)到因?yàn)榈玫娇苫ㄖX(qián)而顯著提高了窮人的自由的消息。

17.單選題

Inalettertoafriend,GeorgeOrwellwrote,“ItisimpossibletomentionJewsinprint,eitherfavorablyorunfavorably,withoutgettingintotrouble.”Buttherearetimeswhentroublehadbetterbegotintobeforemeretroubleturnsintocatastrophe.Jews,blacks,andhomosexualistsaredespisedbythemajoritiesofEastandWest.Also,asaresultoftheinventionofIsrael,JewscannowcountonthehatredoftheIslamicworld.SinceAmerica’sownChristianmajoritylookstobegettingreadyforgreatadventuresathomeandabroad,Iwouldsuggestthatthethreedespisedminoritiesjoinforcesinordernottobedestroyed.Thisseemsanobviousthingtodo.Unfortunately,mostJewsrefusetoseeanysimilaritybetweentheirspecialsituationandthatofthesame-sexers.Atonelevel,theJewsareperfectlycorrect.Aracialorreligiousortribalidentityisakindoffact.Althoughsexualpreferenceisanevenmorepowerfulfact,itisnotonethatcreatesanyparticularsocialorculturalorreligiousbondbetweenthoseso-minded.AlthoughJewswoulddoubtlessbeJewsiftherewasnoanti-Semitism,same-sexerswouldthinklittleornothingatallabouttheirpreferenceifsocietyignoredit.Sothereisadifferencebetweenthetwoestates.ButthereisnodifferenceinthedegreeofhatredfeltbytheChristianmajorityforC