2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)3

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Therehasbeenmuchoppositionfromsomesocialgroups,（

）fromthefarmingcommunity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.straightforwardly

B.notably

C.virtually

D.exceptionally

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)straightforwardly“正直地，直接地”；B選項(xiàng)notably“尤其，特別”；C選項(xiàng)virtually“實(shí)際上，幾乎”；D選項(xiàng)exceptionally“例外地，異常地，特殊地”。farmingcommunity屬于socialgroup的一部分，此處指反對(duì)的程度，尤指農(nóng)業(yè)團(tuán)體，因此選B。句意：一些社會(huì)團(tuán)體對(duì)此有很大的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，尤其是農(nóng)業(yè)團(tuán)體。

2.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

當(dāng)我們談及智力，我們不是指在某種考試中取得高分的能力，也不是指學(xué)習(xí)好的能力。我們所談的智力指的是一種生活風(fēng)格，一種生活，一種在各種情況下的行為方式。真正的智力測(cè)驗(yàn)不是測(cè)試我們對(duì)怎樣做知道多少，而是測(cè)試當(dāng)我們不知道做什么時(shí)會(huì)怎樣做。無(wú)論年老年少，有才智的人遇到新情況或問(wèn)題時(shí)，都會(huì)豁達(dá)地面對(duì)。他努力用心和感覺(jué)去盡可能地掌握所有細(xì)節(jié)。他考慮該情況或問(wèn)題，而不是考慮他自己或是這將給他帶來(lái)什么后果。他大膽地、富有想象力地、機(jī)智地，而且如果不是信心十足地，至少是充滿希望地去解決問(wèn)題；假如他無(wú)法圓滿解決，對(duì)自己的錯(cuò)誤他也并不害怕或是感到慚愧，而且盡量從中吸取教訓(xùn)，這就是智力。

【答案】Whenwetalkaboutintelligence,wedonotmeantheabilitytogetagoodscoreonacertainkindoftest,oreventheabilitytodowellinschool.Byintelligencewemeanastyleoflife,alife,awayofbehavinginvarioussituations.Thetruetestofintelligenceisnottotesthowmuchweknowhowtodo,buthowwebehavewhenwedon'tknowwhattodo.Theintelligentperson,youngorold,meetingsituationorproblem,openshimselfuptoit.Hetriestotakeinwithmindandsenseseverythinghecanaboutit.Hethinksaboutit,insteadofabouthimselforwhatitmightcausetohappentohim.Hegrappleswithitboldly,imaginatively,resourcefully,andifnotconfidently,atleasthopefully;ifhefailstomasterit,helookswithoutfearorshameathismistakesandlearnswhathecanfromthem.Thisisintelligence.

3.單選題

（

）scientistshaveobservedincreasedpollutioninthewatersupply.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Late

B.Later

C.Latter

D.Lately

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)late“晚的”；B選項(xiàng)later“后來(lái)的，以后，其后”；C選項(xiàng)latter“（剛提及的兩者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D選項(xiàng)lately“最近，近來(lái)”。根據(jù)haveobserved可知句子為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此選D。句意：最近，科學(xué)家們觀察到供水中的污染增加了。

4.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable,hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes,forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago,howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries,theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（

）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,

（

）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（為了使解釋盡可能簡(jiǎn)單，假設(shè)科學(xué)被定義為分類知識(shí)）可知選D。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段可知，根據(jù)不同的目的，科學(xué)分為純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)。純科學(xué)是為了滿足好奇心，應(yīng)用科學(xué)是將知識(shí)用于特殊目的。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell（然而，人們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)）及兩種科學(xué)的定義，可知顯微鏡屬于純科學(xué)，細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)屬于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，即純科學(xué)先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，因此B選項(xiàng)“必然先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，根據(jù)不同的目的，科學(xué)分為純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)。純科學(xué)是為了滿足好奇心，應(yīng)用科學(xué)是將知識(shí)用于特殊目的。由題干中的“interestedin”可知屬于為了滿足好奇心，因此選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（許多致力于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并不為忽視他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)際方面而被指責(zé)）可知A選項(xiàng)“從事理論研究的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)被指責(zé)忽略其發(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)際方面”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)的目的與定義，以及兩種不同科學(xué)家研究科學(xué)的目的，因此A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)與科學(xué)家的本質(zhì)”符合題意。

5.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）,awiderangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manipulation

B.reproduction

C.circulation

D.penetration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)manipulation“操作，處理”；B選項(xiàng)reproduction“繁殖，生殖”；C選項(xiàng)circulation“（報(bào)紙、雜志的）發(fā)行量，銷售量，流通，傳播”；D選項(xiàng)penetration“穿透，滲透”。根據(jù)newspapers（報(bào)紙）可知C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：美國(guó)報(bào)紙的新技術(shù)革命帶來(lái)了更多的發(fā)行量、廣泛的出版物和擴(kuò)大了報(bào)紙的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

6.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?AllreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeatingandexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingover-weightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,manyhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat（

）.

2.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistory,people’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.Theauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness

（

）.

5.What’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hadtogoonadietforthegreaterpartofherlife

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack

C.hadtoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D.hadtowearhighlyfashionableclothes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.（這句常被認(rèn)為是溫莎公爵夫人的名言，體現(xiàn)了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代許多古怪的精神，瘦被認(rèn)為是一種美德）可知C選項(xiàng)“瘦被認(rèn)為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.（我自己也幻想著穿上狹窄的名牌衣服。因此，為了我的生活中更好的或更差的一方面，我也節(jié)食）可知A選項(xiàng)“為了生活中更好的部分不得不節(jié)食”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的可知在溫莎伯爵夫人的那個(gè)時(shí)代是以瘦為美；由第三段中的最后一句可知，在某些宗教團(tuán)體中，以胖為財(cái)富；由第四段中的第一二句可知，如今人們又以瘦為美。因此人們?cè)诓煌哪甏?，?duì)體重的看法不同，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.（我們對(duì)瘦的癡迷也源于對(duì)健康的擔(dān)憂）中的also可知這是從醫(yī)學(xué)角度上來(lái)講的，另一角度是前面第四段提到的當(dāng)今社會(huì)以瘦為美，這是從社會(huì)角度來(lái)講的，因此B選項(xiàng)“從社會(huì)學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的角度”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.（實(shí)際上，如果那些變瘦（或已經(jīng)變瘦）的人認(rèn)為自己天生健康，因而不必關(guān)注自己的整體生活方式，這是很危險(xiǎn)的）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合題意。

7.單選題

Ourcorporation’sobligationunderthis（

）islimitedtorepairorreplacement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warranty

B.license

C.market

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warranty“（商品）保用單”；B選項(xiàng)license“執(zhí)照，許可證”；C選項(xiàng)market“市場(chǎng)，交易”；D選項(xiàng)necessity“必然，必要”。根據(jù)repairorreplacement（修理或更換）可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我公司在本保證項(xiàng)下的義務(wù)僅限于修理或更換。

8.單選題

Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave,（

）somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unless

B.until

C.when

D.while

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知發(fā)生的事，是在我打算離開的時(shí)候，故空格處需要一個(gè)連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，排除A、B選項(xiàng)，occurred為短暫性動(dòng)詞，而while引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此選C。句意：我有些失望且正要離開時(shí)，突然發(fā)生了一件事引起了我的注意。

9.單選題

Althoughthebodyismadeupofmanydifferenttissues,thesetissuesarearrangedinan（

）andorderlyfashion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incredible

B.internal

C.intricate

D.initial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incredible“不可思議的，難以置信的”；B選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)在的”；C選項(xiàng)intricate“錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的”；D選項(xiàng)initial“最初的”。原句表示“雖然人體是由許多不同的組織組成的，但這些組織是以______而有序的方式排列的”可知C選項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：雖然人體是由許多不同的組織組成的，但這些組織是以錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜而有序的方式排列的。

10.單選題

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000，saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays，“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

（

）.

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)desolate“荒涼的”；B選項(xiàng)poor“貧窮的”；C選項(xiàng)bustling“繁忙的”；D選項(xiàng)thriving“繁榮的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.（這個(gè)有1480人的漁村是一個(gè)荒涼而孤獨(dú)的地方）可知Sandgerdi是一個(gè)荒涼的地方，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.（他們說(shuō)性別差距不是來(lái)自資質(zhì)的差別，而是學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力的差別）可知D選項(xiàng)“男孩們把更多的時(shí)間花在兼職上”符合題意，A、B、C選項(xiàng)都與“學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力”有關(guān)。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.（盡管61%的大學(xué)生是女性，但她們只占冰島理科學(xué)生的三分之一。當(dāng)他們進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)時(shí)，許多人被男性所取代，他們成為醫(yī)生、工程師和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)人員）可知C選項(xiàng)“男人扮演著更重要的角色”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.（教育家們說(shuō)，他們看到許多聰明的女孩在面對(duì)真實(shí)的、面對(duì)面的與男孩的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)突然退縮）可知A選項(xiàng)“她們對(duì)自己缺乏信心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了在冰島上的Sandgerdi由于男女學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)不一樣，女生在數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)上男生優(yōu)秀，因此B選項(xiàng)“女生在數(shù)學(xué)上占統(tǒng)治地位的地方”符合題意。

11.單選題

Heavysmokersaretwentytimesmorelikelytobe（

）bylungcancerthannon-smokers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gripped

B.stricken

C.attacked

D.ravaged

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)grip“緊握，抓牢”；B選項(xiàng)strike“擊打，碰撞”，指災(zāi)難或疾病的爆發(fā)；C選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊，進(jìn)攻”，指暴力性的襲擊或者戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的攻擊；D選項(xiàng)ravage“毀壞”。由lungcancer（肺癌）可知選B符合邏輯搭配。句意：煙癮大的人患肺癌的幾率是不吸煙者的20倍。

12.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbe（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeoplemeasuredaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardwith

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“跟……一致，符合”；B選項(xiàng)intermsof“根據(jù)”；C選項(xiàng)inregardof“關(guān)于……，至于……”；D選項(xiàng)bymeansof“用，依靠”。根據(jù)measured（判斷）可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富要根據(jù)它的人民的健康和幸福，以及它可以提供的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。

13.單選題

Calculusdoesnothavetobemadeeasy—itiseasyalready.ThatbannerusedtogracetheLosAngelesclassroomofsomeoneoncecalledthebestteacherinAmerica.JaimeEscalante,theunconventionalcalculusteacherwhowasdepictedbyEdwardJamesOlmosinthe1988filmStandandDeliver,diedlastyearofcancerattheageof79.

Halfayearafterhisdeath,theObamaadministrationweighedinonthestateofscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics（STEM）educationinthiscountry.Thereport,“PrepareandInspire,”reviewedthesoberingstatisticsabouthowourK-12schoolssufferbycomparisontotheircounterpartsinotherdevelopednations.Itcalledforrecruitingandtraining100,000STEMteachers.

Butachievingthesegoalsisnotgoingtobeeasy.Thereportnotedthat25,000STEMteachersleavetheworkforceeveryyear,mostlybecauseofdisgruntlementwiththeirjobsandlackofprofessionalsupport.Toattractandretainenoughscienceandmathteachers,itwillrequireanelevationintheirstatusandathoroughrevamping（翻新）ofattitudestowardtheentireprofession.

Theonus（責(zé)任）toimproveschoolsshouldbeonfederal,stateandlocaleducationalstrategists.Thefirststepshouldbetotapthestrengthsoftheexistingteachingpool.Wemustidentifytoday’sEscalante—thetop5percentofthenation’sSTEMteachers—and,asrecommendedintheadministrationreport,inductthemintoaSTEMmasterteacherscorpsthatwouldreceivesalarysupplementsandfederalfundingtosupporttheiractivities.Second,weneedtogiveallteachersthetoolstheyneed.WeshouldformtheequivalentofanAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencytohelpdevelopeducationaltechnologies,including“deeplydigital”instructionalmaterialsthatencourageactiveparticipation.Finally,weshouldshiftouremphasisfromstandardstoimplementation.Developingnewstandardsdoeshavearole,butitisthedifficultyofputtingthemintopractice,giventheday-to-daypressuresthatteachersareunder.

TomeetallthegoalssetbytheWhiteHousereportwouldrequireanextra$1billioneachyear.Againstthenearly$600billionspentannuallyforpubliceducation,itisnotahugesum.Still,withlocaldistrictsfacedwithdecliningtaxrevenuesandunfundedmandates,someofthemoneywillhavetocomefromthefederalgovernment.

Thatgoesagainstthegrainduringatimewhenteachers’salariesandbenefitsarebeingcut.Yetthecostsofdoingnothingareamatterofsimplecalculus.IfwedonotimproveSTEMeducation,theU.S.willcontinueadecades-longslidefromthemiddleofthepackinstudentachievementtowardtheverybottom.

1.TheexampleofJaimeEscalanteiscitedtoshow（

）.

2.TheauthorcomesupwiththefollowingsolutionsEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatthebiggestbarriertotheeducationreformliesin（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,“...thecostsofdoingnothingareamatterofsimplecalculus”meansthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelackofSTEMteachers

B.theinfluenceofgoodteachers

C.thedifficultytobeateacher

D.society’srespecttoteachers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.attractingtalentedteacherstoSTEMeducation

B.grantingspecialallowancestotopteachers

C.improvingauxiliarymaterialsforteachers

D.elevatingsocialandeconomicpositionsofteachers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefederalgovernment

B.lacksocialsupport

C.economichardships

D.greatlossofteachers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.it’snevertoolatetodosomething

B.calculuscanbesimple

C.costsisnoteasytocalculate

D.educationreformisimperative

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞JaimeEscalante定位到文章第一段，由oncecalledthebestteacherinAmerica（曾經(jīng)被稱為美國(guó)最好的老師）可知JaimeEscalante是一位好老師，以及第二段首句Halfayearafterhisdeath,theObamaadministrationweighedinonthestateofscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics（STEM）educationinthiscountry（在他去世半年后，奧巴馬政府對(duì)美國(guó)的科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)教育狀況進(jìn)行了評(píng)估）可知B選項(xiàng)“好老師的影響”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段中的Toattractandretainenoughscienceandmathteachers,itwillrequireanelevationintheirstatusandathoroughrevampingofattitudestowardtheentireprofession.（要吸引和留住足夠的科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)教師，就需要提高他們的地位，徹底改變對(duì)整個(gè)行業(yè)的態(tài)度）與D選項(xiàng)“提高教師的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位”相對(duì)應(yīng)；第四段中的receivesalarysupplementsandfederalfunding...tohelpdevelopeducationaltechnologies，including“deeplydigital”instructionalmaterials（領(lǐng)取工資補(bǔ)助和聯(lián)邦資金……幫助發(fā)展教育技術(shù)，包括“深度數(shù)字化”教學(xué)材料）分別對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)“給予優(yōu)秀教師特殊津貼”和C選項(xiàng)“改進(jìn)教師輔助材料”，通過(guò)排除法，可知A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Still,withlocaldistrictsfacedwithdecliningtaxrevenuesandunfundedmandates,someofthemoneywillhavetocomefromthefederalgovernment.（然而，由于當(dāng)?shù)氐貐^(qū)面臨稅收下降和無(wú)資金支持的情況，部分資金將不得不來(lái)自聯(lián)邦政府）和最后一段的首句Thatgoesagainstthegrainduringatimewhenteachers’salariesandbenefitsarebeingcut.（當(dāng)教師的工資和福利被削減的時(shí)候，這是背道而馳的）可知C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)困難”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的IfwedonotimproveSTEMeducation,theU.S.willcontinueadecades-longslidefromthemiddleofthepackinstudentachievementtowardtheverybottom.（如果我們不改善STEM教育，美國(guó)學(xué)生的成績(jī)將從中等繼續(xù)滑落到低端）可知D選項(xiàng)“教育改革勢(shì)在必行”符合題意。

14.單選題

Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally（

）tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeoff

B.brokedown

C.brokeout

D.brokethrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)breakoff“（使）分離”；B選項(xiàng)breakdown“失敗”；C選項(xiàng)breakout“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突圍，突破”。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知句子前面表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由failedmanytimes（多次失?。┡cfinally（最終）可知D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：史密斯醫(yī)生失敗了很多次，但他最終突破了，找到了解決問(wèn)題的成功方法。

15.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceedingly“非常，極其”；B選項(xiàng)excessively“過(guò)度地”；C選項(xiàng)extensively“廣大地，廣泛地”；D選項(xiàng)exclusively“唯一地”。根據(jù)valuable（很重要的，寶貴的）可知A選項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)，表示“非常有價(jià)值”。句意：你的建議對(duì)他非常有價(jià)值，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么。

16.單選題

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（

）themthatIcangetthemon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stretching

B.spreading

C.extending

D.squeezing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stretch“拉長(zhǎng)，撐大，伸展”，指由曲變直、由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展，不是加長(zhǎng)，側(cè)重“形狀的變化”.；B選項(xiàng)spread“伸開”，指建筑，道路和時(shí)間等的延伸；C選項(xiàng)extend“延伸”，指在空間或時(shí)間上延伸，一般有一個(gè)大致的延伸方向；D選項(xiàng)squeeze“擠壓”。根據(jù)gloves（手套）可知此處表示手套太小了，只有把它們撐大才能戴上，因此選A。句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它們伸展開來(lái)，我才能戴上。

17.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Whentheobjectsofaninquiry,inanydepartment,haveprinciples,causes,orelements,itisthroughacquaintancewiththesethatknowledgeandunderstandingisattained.Forwedonotthinkthatweknowathinguntilweareacquaintedwithitsprimarycausesorfirstprinciples,andhavecarriedouranalysisasfarasitselements.Plainly,therefore,inthescienceofnaturetooourfirsttaskwillbetotrytodeterminewhatrelatestoitsprinciples.Thenaturalwayofdoingthisistostartfromthethingswhicharemoreknowableandcleartousandproceedtowardsthosewhichareclearerandmoreknowablebynature,forthesamethingsarenotknowablerelativelytousandknowablewithoutqualification.Sowemustfollowthismethodandadvancefromwhatismoreobscurebynature,butclearertous,towardswhatisclearerandmoreknowablebynature.Nowwhatistousplainandclearatfirstisratherconfusedmasses,theelementsandprinciplesofwhichbecomeknowntouslaterbyanalysis.

【答案】在任何領(lǐng)域，當(dāng)研究對(duì)象有其存在的原理、因素或元素時(shí)，只有通過(guò)了解這些事物，才能獲得知識(shí)和理解。因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)我們知道某事物的主要成因或基本原理，并對(duì)其組成元素進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步分析時(shí)，我們才可以稱我們了解該事物。因此，很明顯，在自然科學(xué)中，我們的首要任務(wù)將是設(shè)法確定各原理之間的聯(lián)系。這樣做的自然方式是從對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)更清晰易知的事物開始，然后延伸至本質(zhì)上更加清晰易知的事物，因?yàn)閷?duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，同樣事物的可知性并不是相當(dāng)?shù)?，并且也不是沒(méi)有限制的。因此，我們必須遵循這一方法，從本質(zhì)上模糊但對(duì)自己來(lái)說(shuō)更加清楚的事物，發(fā)展到本質(zhì)上既清晰又易知的事物中去?，F(xiàn)在對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，最簡(jiǎn)單明了的事物對(duì)大眾來(lái)說(shuō)是十分疑惑，其