2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)12

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

TheoldestlivingthingsonEartharetrees.SomeofCalifornia’ssequoiashaveforfourthousandyearslookeddownonthechangesinthelandscapeandthecomingsandgoingsofhumans.TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.

Lessertrees,however,haveplayedanintimateroleinthelivesofpeoplesincetheyfirstappearedonEarth.Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.Treeswerethelargestlivingthingsaroundhumansandtheyknewthatsometreeshadbeenstandingonthesamespotintheirparents’andgrandparents’time,andwouldcontinuetostandlongaftertheyweregone.Nowonderthesetreesbecamesymbolsofstrength,fruitfulness,andeverlastinglife.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawayinwhichpeoplehaveusedtrees?

3.Theunderlinedphrase“giantpatriarchs”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Theunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referstowhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat,comparedwithsequoias,othertreeshave________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Treesgrowtogreatheights.

B.Treeshavebeenimportanttopeoplethroughouthistory.

C.Treesmakehumansseemsuperior.

D.TreesthatgrowinCaliforniaareveryold.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Forfurniture.

B.Forfuel.

C.Forhousing.

D.Fornourishment.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tinyseeds

B.importantleaders

C.toweringtrees

D.Egyptianpyramids

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Trees

B.Grandeurandmystery

C.Seasons

D.People’sspiritualhorizons

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.beeninexistencelonger

B.adaptedmorereadilytotheirenvironments

C.beenaffectedmorebyanimals

D.hadacloserrelationshipwithpeople

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章講了樹(shù)木在歷史的發(fā)展，點(diǎn)出樹(shù)木對(duì)人的作用，所以B選項(xiàng)“縱觀歷史，樹(shù)木對(duì)人類很重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“樹(shù)長(zhǎng)得很高”和D選項(xiàng)“生長(zhǎng)在加州的樹(shù)很古老”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。C選項(xiàng)“樹(shù)讓人看起來(lái)更優(yōu)越”文中沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.（樹(shù)木為人類提供了溫暖的爐火：它們提供了住所、食物、藥品甚至衣服。），所以這里提到了B選項(xiàng)“作為燃料”，C選項(xiàng)“建房子”和D選項(xiàng)“吸收其營(yíng)養(yǎng)”，沒(méi)有提到A選項(xiàng)“做成家具”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四句TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.（大約在建造埃及金字塔的時(shí)候，它們從微小的種子中發(fā)芽。今天，這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長(zhǎng)的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠(yuǎn)和難以接近，就像支撐天空的大教堂柱子。），可知這些“巨大的家長(zhǎng)”生長(zhǎng)在巖石和懸崖上，就像大教堂柱子一樣高，所以C選項(xiàng)“高聳的樹(shù)木”正確，A選項(xiàng)“小小的種子”和D選項(xiàng)“埃及金字塔”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“重要的領(lǐng)袖”文中沒(méi)有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.（樹(shù)木表現(xiàn)了生命的宏偉和神秘，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诩竟?jié)的循環(huán)中移動(dòng)，從生到死，再回到生命。），可知“它們”指的是A選項(xiàng)“樹(shù)木”，B選項(xiàng)“宏偉和神秘”和C選項(xiàng)“四季”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“人們的精神視野”：根據(jù)第二段第三句Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.（它們還塑造了人們的精神視野。），這里的“它們”也指樹(shù)木，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第一、二句Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow…Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.（今天，這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長(zhǎng)的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠(yuǎn)和難以接近……很難想象他們會(huì)在人類的生活中扮演任何角色，或者受到他們腳下的生物的任何影響。），可知相比于紅杉樹(shù)，其他樹(shù)木更貼近人類生活，所以D選項(xiàng)“與人有更密切的關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“存在更久”，B選項(xiàng)“更容易適應(yīng)環(huán)境”和C選項(xiàng)“更容易受到動(dòng)物的影響”文中沒(méi)有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake.Accordingtoanewstudyofseepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainseepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbytheseepinghemispherekeepsshut.Whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableend-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleepratherthantotalrelaxation.Moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain.”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdoingside-by-sideinthe200andinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirrorsideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-seepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsasdolphins.Whalesandseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsaseepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause（

）.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat（

）.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfwakeinorderto（

）.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2.Para.8).Siegelsuggeststhat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds

B.halfbrainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

C.birdscancontroltheirhalfbrainsleepconsciously

D.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

C.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

D.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目要求我們選出最新的研究成果。定位到文章第一段Birdsthatareliterallyhalfasleep…controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawakeaccordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks．（根據(jù)對(duì)一群睡眠中的鴨子的最新研究，處于半夢(mèng)半醒之間的鳥(niǎo)能控制任何一側(cè)的大腦，使其保持清醒狀態(tài)）由此可知，C項(xiàng)“鳥(niǎo)類可以有意識(shí)地控制半腦睡眠”是最新的研究結(jié)論。而A“多種鳥(niǎo)類都有半腦睡眠”，B“半腦睡眠的特點(diǎn)是腦電波緩慢”，D“鳥(niǎo)類很少在睡覺(jué)時(shí)整個(gè)大腦都處于休息狀態(tài)”三項(xiàng)中提到的內(nèi)容在第二段Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalfbrainsleepinawiderangeofbirds…（早期的研究記錄了很多鳥(niǎo)類的半腦睡眠……），都不是最新的研究結(jié)果，而是早期的研究所以都應(yīng)一一排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)與推斷題。定位到文章第三段開(kāi)頭Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableend-of-the-rowsleepers.（數(shù)十年來(lái)對(duì)鳥(niǎo)群的研究使研究人員預(yù)測(cè)，在更易受傷害的睡眠者中，會(huì)有額外的警覺(jué)性）以及第六段第一句Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies（這些結(jié)果為長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的假設(shè)提供了最好的證據(jù)，即單半球睡眠是隨著生物掃描敵人而演變而來(lái)的）。所以根據(jù)文段信息，選A“他們必須提防可能的襲擊”。B項(xiàng)“他們的大腦半球輪流休息”，C項(xiàng)“他們大腦的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)不同”，D項(xiàng)“他們必須時(shí)刻注意他們的同伴”，均不符合原文事實(shí)。

3.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)鳥(niǎo)兒在鏡子前面睡覺(jué)的例子表明了什么。根據(jù)文章第六段Themirror-sideeyeclosedasthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen(一只鳥(niǎo)兒靠著鏡子睡覺(jué)。那只鳥(niǎo)對(duì)著鏡子的那只眼睛是閉著的，仿佛鏡中的影像是它的同伴，而它的另外一只眼則是睜開(kāi)的)，因此，C項(xiàng)“即使是一個(gè)想象中的伴侶也能給鳥(niǎo)一種安全感”與文中所提及的內(nèi)容一致。A項(xiàng)“鳥(niǎo)兒成雙成對(duì)打瞌睡的現(xiàn)象很普遍”和B項(xiàng)“為了安全起見(jiàn)，鳥(niǎo)兒喜歡成對(duì)睡覺(jué)”中的inpairs是對(duì)原文中的誤讀，鳥(niǎo)兒喜歡結(jié)群，但文章并未提及是成雙成對(duì)睡覺(jué)。文中提到的一對(duì)鳥(niǎo)以及鏡子前的一只鳥(niǎo)睡覺(jué)的情形，旨在說(shuō)明鳥(niǎo)兒“一半清醒一半睡眠”的現(xiàn)象，不是一般情形；D項(xiàng)“一只寵物鳥(niǎo)喜歡在鏡子里看到自己的倒影”中的enjoy屬于無(wú)中生有的說(shuō)法。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。問(wèn)題：在睡覺(jué)時(shí)，一些水哺乳動(dòng)物趨向于半睡不醒，以便……定位到文章第七段第二句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsaseepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.（也許讓大腦的一側(cè)保持清醒，可以讓熟睡的動(dòng)物偶爾浮出水面，以免淹死），可知答案為B項(xiàng)“不時(shí)地從水里出來(lái)呼吸”。A項(xiàng)“警惕逼近的敵人”，C“對(duì)不斷變化的環(huán)境保持敏感”，D項(xiàng)“避免被急流沖走”，均屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.判斷推理題。題干中thetipoftheiceberg的意思是冰山一角；從最后一句Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.（他推測(cè)，當(dāng)我們仔細(xì)研究其他物種時(shí)，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)更多的例子），所以D項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠是一種可能存在于其他物種中的現(xiàn)象”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠與寒冷的天氣有關(guān)”，B項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠之謎即將解開(kāi)”，C項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)生活在寒冷地區(qū)的鳥(niǎo)都是半睡半醒的”，均是對(duì)句意的曲解。

3.翻譯題

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【答案】1．難題在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

2．行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來(lái)解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

3．自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開(kāi)始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。

4．自由和尊嚴(yán)（它們）是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主的人所擁有的，是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績(jī)而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

5．（如果）這些問(wèn)題得不到解決，研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會(huì)繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問(wèn)題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。

4.單選題

Seldom______anymistakesduringmypastfiveyearsofservicehere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didImake

B.shouldImake

C.Iwouldmake

D.wouldImake

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：在服務(wù)這里的過(guò)去五年里，我很少出錯(cuò)。句首為半否定的詞語(yǔ)用部分倒裝，根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)makemistakes確定用助動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)pastfiveyears確定用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)didImake符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

I’msureyourresearchhas______thisdisease.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributedtounderstandingof

B.contributedtounderstandof

C.beencontributedtounderstandof

D.beencontributedtounderstandingof

【答案】A

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：我相信你的研究有助于了解這種疾病。I’msure(that)+賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)contribute的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去、對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；根據(jù)contribute的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)發(fā)生，確定用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；根據(jù)of所屬結(jié)構(gòu)確定用名詞性的understanding，A選項(xiàng)contributedtounderstandingof符合題意。B選項(xiàng)understand是動(dòng)詞詞性，C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)中hasbeendone是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

I______atthematurityofsuchayoungchild.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surprised

B.marveled

C.shocked

D.moved

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)surprised“使感到意外”；B選項(xiàng)marveled“大為贊嘆”；C選項(xiàng)shocked“驚愕；休克”；D選項(xiàng)moved“使感動(dòng)”。句意：我對(duì)這樣一個(gè)孩子的成熟感到______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指沒(méi)想到這么小的小孩子竟然這么成熟，帶著褒獎(jiǎng)的意味，所以marveled“大為贊嘆”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

除了干旱時(shí)期，人們從不把水看成寶貴的自然資源。誠(chéng)然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。如果天不下雨，農(nóng)民會(huì)抱怨，但在有可靠供水系統(tǒng)的城區(qū)，很少有人感到缺水。我們想當(dāng)然地以為水與空氣一樣不值錢，到處都有。然而，部分因?yàn)槿丝谠黾?，部分因?yàn)榭膳碌睦速M(fèi)，在當(dāng)今世界許多地方，供水已成為一大挑戰(zhàn)。這是一個(gè)不可忽視的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。如果不降低需求，減少浪費(fèi)，人類在不久的將來(lái)就會(huì)面臨災(zāi)難。

【答案】Inadditiontothedryperiod,peoplehaveneverregardedwaterasavaluablenaturalresource.Itistruethatwaterisnotararethingintheworld.Ifitdoesnotrain,thefarmerswillcomplain,butinthecitywithreliablewatersupplysystem,fewpeoplefeelwatershortage.Wetakeitforgrantedthatwaterisnomorevaluablethanair.However,inpartbecauseoftheincreaseinpopulation,partlybecauseoftheterriblewaste,watersupplyhasbecomeabigchallengeinmanypartsoftheworld.Thisisaseriousproblemthatcan’tbeignored.Ifwedonotreducebloodcells,reducewaste,mankindwillfacedisasterinthenearfuture.

8.單選題

Clarkfeltthathis______inoneofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofalltimewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciation

B.participation

C.presentation

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appreciation“欣賞；理解；感激”；B選項(xiàng)participation“參與”；C選項(xiàng)presentation“頒發(fā)；展示會(huì)”；D選項(xiàng)apprehension“憂慮；逮捕”。句意：克拉克認(rèn)為，他對(duì)有史以來(lái)最引人注目的醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)之一的______，配得上他所遭受的痛苦。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，B選項(xiàng)participation“參與”搭配experiments“實(shí)驗(yàn)”比較合理，意思指參與實(shí)驗(yàn)，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelsto______forthestressthatyouhaveapplied.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commence

B.compromise

C.compensate

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commence“開(kāi)始；著手”；B選項(xiàng)compromise“妥協(xié)；折中”；C選項(xiàng)compensate“補(bǔ)償；抵消”；D選項(xiàng)compliment“恭維；問(wèn)候”。句意：在恢復(fù)期，這些系統(tǒng)建立到更高的水平來(lái)______你施加的壓力。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)compensate“抵消”搭配stress“壓力”比較合理，意思指系統(tǒng)因?yàn)樗教嵘瑥亩梢缘窒麎毫?。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thosenaughtyboyswerecaught____flowersinthegardenagain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosteal

B.stealing

C.havingstolen

D.tohavestolen

【答案】B

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。現(xiàn)在分詞放在另一動(dòng)作之后，表示主語(yǔ)在進(jìn)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)向所表示的動(dòng)作的同時(shí)正在進(jìn)行另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，此時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞起修飾或陪襯的作用。句意：那些淘氣的男孩又在花園里偷花被抓了，因此根據(jù)句意B項(xiàng)為正確答案。catch的常見(jiàn)用法catchsbdoingsth“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”，轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)用法則是sbbecaughtdoingsth，因此A和D項(xiàng)均錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)使用的是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，與句意不符，故排除。

11.單選題

Nobodyisabletoexplainthe______ofthiscommonly-usedexpression.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beginning

B.starting-point

C.foundation

D.origin

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)beginning“（事情或過(guò)程的）的開(kāi)始”；B選項(xiàng)starting-point“（討論或過(guò)程的）起點(diǎn)；（旅行的)出發(fā)點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)foundation“基礎(chǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)origin“起源”。句意：沒(méi)有人能解釋這個(gè)常用表達(dá)的________。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指沒(méi)有人能解釋這個(gè)常用表達(dá)是哪里來(lái)的，所以origin“起源”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

要想在這個(gè)高速發(fā)展的社會(huì)立足，你必須學(xué)會(huì)如何處理壓力問(wèn)題。首先，你要重新定位你的生活需求，你真的需要那些如時(shí)裝或者新車的奢侈品嗎？如果你學(xué)會(huì)了對(duì)現(xiàn)有的生活滿足，你也許就不會(huì)想要再找份工作或者不會(huì)在辦公室度過(guò)周末。其次，定期鍛煉身體有益于減壓。不管你多忙，都要找時(shí)間鍛煉，最好是和家人和孩子一起。第三，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)放松。如果你停下去聞聞路邊的玫瑰花香，世界不會(huì)因此而停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

【答案】Youhavetolearnhowtodealwithstressforpossessingafootholdinasocietywithrapiddevelopment.Firstly,youshouldreadjustdemandforlife.Doyoureallyneedluxurygoodssuchasfashionabledressandnewcar?Ifyoulearntobesatisfiedwithcurrentlife,maybeyoudonotwanttogetanotherjoborspendyourweekendsintheoffice.Next,regularexerciseisbeneficialtorelaxingthepressure.Nomatterhowbusyyouare,youshouldtaketimetoexercise,preferablywithyourfamilyandchildren.Thirdly,youshouldlearntorelax.Ifyoustopyoursteptoenjoythesmellofrosesbythesideoftheroad,theworldwon’tstopturning.

13.單選題

Manythings______impossibleinthepastarecommontoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.considered

B.toconsider

C.considering

D.beingconsidered

【答案】A

【解析】考查后置定語(yǔ)。句意：許多過(guò)去認(rèn)為不可能的事情在今天很常見(jiàn)。句子的主干是manythingsarecommon（許多事情很普遍），橫線部分內(nèi)容和impossible組合起來(lái)修飾manythings，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境得知這里是指被認(rèn)為不可能的許多事，屬于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)considered符合題意，故正確。B選項(xiàng)toconsider為不定式表示目的等，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)considering表示主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)beingconsidered表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Hethoughtthathemightbeabletoavoidpayingsomeofhistaxesbytakingadvantagesofthe______inthelaw.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.circle

B.misunderstanding

C.exception

D.loopholes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)circle“周期”；B選項(xiàng)misunderstanding“誤解”；C選項(xiàng)exception“例外；異議”；D選項(xiàng)loopholes“漏洞”。句意：他認(rèn)為他也許可以利用法律上的______來(lái)逃避繳納一些稅款。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指鉆法律的空子避稅，D選項(xiàng)loopholes“漏洞”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

航天是當(dāng)今世界最具挑戰(zhàn)性和廣泛帶動(dòng)性的高科技領(lǐng)域之一，航天活動(dòng)深刻改變了人類對(duì)宇宙的認(rèn)知，為人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步提供了重要?jiǎng)恿?。?dāng)前，越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家，包括廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家將發(fā)展航天作為重要戰(zhàn)略選擇，世界航天活動(dòng)呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

16.單選題

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(擁擠).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸縮的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.

Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鳴器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe____________.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois____________.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itspowersourceC.itsmonitoringsystem

B.C.itsmonitoringsystemB.

C.itsmonitoringsystemB.itsdrivingsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.rail.

B.Anengine.

C.Aretractablearm.

D.Acomputercontroller.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Optimistic.

D.Cautious.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.（它應(yīng)該變得更小、更安全、更經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且不應(yīng)該由汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“能量來(lái)源”正確。B選項(xiàng)“驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)”，C選項(xiàng)“監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)”和D選項(xiàng)“載客人數(shù)”文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第三段第一句theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.（未來(lái)的汽車的主要問(wèn)題仍在城市交通擁擠），可知作者最關(guān)心交通擁擠的問(wèn)題，結(jié)合下文對(duì)如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)設(shè)想，所以C選項(xiàng)“如何解決交通堵塞的問(wèn)題”正確，A選項(xiàng)“如何使汽車無(wú)污染”和B選項(xiàng)“如何制造更小更安全的汽車”：這是未來(lái)汽車發(fā)展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最關(guān)心的，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“如何開(kāi)發(fā)自動(dòng)化地鐵系統(tǒng)”：文章沒(méi)有提到開(kāi)發(fā)地鐵系統(tǒng)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.（一旦連接到軌道上，汽車將由該系統(tǒng)提供電力，汽車的控制將通過(guò)中央計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行。），汽車接到鐵軌上以后就有了電力，所以A選項(xiàng)“鐵軌”正確，計(jì)算機(jī)控制器控制汽車，故D選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)控制器”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“可伸縮的機(jī)械臂”：根據(jù)第四段第一句aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail（一個(gè)可伸縮的機(jī)械臂從自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)向下和鐵軌連接），可知機(jī)械臂不提供電力，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.（然后司機(jī)就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鳴器提醒他到下一個(gè)出口。），可知司機(jī)需要聽(tīng)從系統(tǒng)的提示，按照提示操作，所以D選項(xiàng)“用電話通知系統(tǒng)他的目的地”正確，B選項(xiàng)“等待到達(dá)他的目的地”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“保持在右車道行駛”和C選項(xiàng)“與計(jì)算機(jī)中心保持聯(lián)系”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.（一些悲觀的專家認(rèn)為汽車注定會(huì)被淘汰。），結(jié)合作者下文提出未來(lái)汽車的發(fā)展方向，可知作者不贊同悲觀的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)第六段最后一句Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.（據(jù)估計(jì)，自動(dòng)化公路每小時(shí)將能夠處理1萬(wàn)輛汽車，而現(xiàn)在的公路只能運(yùn)送1500到2000輛汽車。），在文章最后作者大膽預(yù)料未來(lái)汽車的情況，可知作者看好未來(lái)汽車的發(fā)展，所以C選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀”正確，B選項(xiàng)“悲觀”和D選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“熱情”不明顯。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thisisthehouse______lastyearwhenIwasinthiscity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboutthatIwrotetoyou

B.thatIwrotetoyou

C.aboutwhichIwrotetoyou

D.whichIwrotetoyou

【答案】C

【解析】考查后置定語(yǔ)從句。句子主干是thisisthehouse，橫線和lastyear部分是修飾house的定語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)短語(yǔ)writeaboutsth.得出about放在先行詞前，定語(yǔ)從句中，介詞后面用which不用that，所以C選項(xiàng)aboutwhichIwrotetoyou符合題意。句意：這就是我去年在這個(gè)城市時(shí)寫(xiě)信告訴你的那所房子。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwaywasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp.

Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceontheentranceramp.Analternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallanes,whichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.(Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespected,becausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.)

Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmergingwithouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsofautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecialpurposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane.Thedriver（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第三句Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard（繪圖板上有兩種不同的類型）可知，這兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)正在設(shè)計(jì)中，因此選擇A項(xiàng)“正在計(jì)劃中”。B項(xiàng)“正在修改”，C項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在被廣泛使用”，D項(xiàng)“正在施工中”，均錯(cuò)誤。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)special-purposelanesystem的優(yōu)勢(shì)。定位到第一段最后一句Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.（專用車道系統(tǒng)將需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有高速公路進(jìn)行更廣泛的物理改造，但它有望最大程度地提高高速公路通行能力），因此B項(xiàng)“它將實(shí)現(xiàn)最大的公路交通效率”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“它只需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有的公路做一些小的改動(dòng)”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行廣泛的改造，故錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“它有一條自動(dòng)和半自動(dòng)車道”和D項(xiàng)“它為自動(dòng)化車輛提供了更多的車道”，在文中并未體現(xiàn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句：Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.（不論采用哪種設(shè)計(jì)，司機(jī)都需要在其開(kāi)始行駛時(shí)或在到達(dá)自動(dòng)化高速公路前確定要去的目的地，把這個(gè)信息輸入車上的計(jì)算機(jī)），因此C“司機(jī)在開(kāi)車上路之前，應(yīng)該把目的地通知他的汽車電腦”是正確答案。A項(xiàng)“在它上面行駛的車輛根據(jù)目的地被分配了不同的車道”，未在文中提及；B項(xiàng)“在混合