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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Invasivespeciesaren’tspecies—theycanalsobepathogens.SuchisthecasewiththeWestNilevirus.Aninosquito-bomevirusidentifiedintheWestNilesubregioninUgandain1937—hencethename—WestNilewasn’tmuchofaconcerntopeopleelsewhereuntilitbrokeoutofAfricain1999.ThefirstU.ScaseswereconfirmedinNewYorkCityin1999,andithasnowspreadthroughoutmuchoftheworld.Though80%ofinfectionsaresubclinical,thosewhodogetsickcangetverysick.Theviruscanledtoencephalitis—inflammationofthebrainandnervoussystem—andevendeath,with286peopledyingfromWestNileintheU.Sin2012.Thereweremorethan5,500casesreportedthatyear,andthescarythingisthatastheclimatewarms.WestNilewillcontinuetospread.

That’stheconclusionofanewstudyfromateamofresearchersintheU.S,BritainandGermany,includingthoseattheCenterforTropicalResearchatUCLA’sInstituteoftheEnvironmentandSustainability.InastudypublishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiology,theresearcherstookclimateandspeciesdistributiondata,andcreatedmodelsthattrytoprojectthespreadofthevirusastheglobewarms.WestNilevirusiscarriedbymosquitoes,andinfectedinsectstransmitthevirustohumanbeingswithabite.Butbirdsplayaroletoo—ifbittenbyaninfectedmosquito,birdscangeneratehighlevelsofthevirusintheirbloodstream,andcanthentransmitittouninfectedmosquitoes,whichinturncaninfectpeople.ThebiggestindicatorofwhetherWestNileviruswilloccuristhemaximumtemperatureofthewannestmonthoftheyear,whichiswhythevirushascausedthemostdamageinhotsouthernstateslikeTexas.

TheUCLAmodellooksonlyatclimatedata,anddoesn’ttakeintoaccountthekindofcontrolmethodsthatcanbeusedtocombatWestNileontheground,includingpesticidesprayingandland-usechangesthatdenymosquitoesthepoolsofstagnantwatertheyuseasbreedingsites.That’simportanttorememberwhileclimatechangecanraisetheriskoftypicallytropicaldiseaseslikeWestNileormalaria,smartcontroleffortscanoffsetatleastsomeofthatdanger.ButtheUCLAstudyunderscoresthefactthatclimatechangeoperatedasathreatmultiplierfortropicaldiseases,onethatwillallowpathogenstoinvadenewterritory—andultimately,us.

61.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartofthesentenceinthefirstparagraph?

62.Thelivingconditionsofbees’willbeimprovedwithrespecttothefollowingaspectsexcept______.

63.Accordingtothepassage,thecriticalfactorforthevirusbeingspreadis______.

64.Accordingtothepassage,theresearchofUCLAimposesemphasison______.

65.Thetitleofthepassagewouldprobablybe“______”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenotserious.

B.Theyareunexpected.

C.Theyaresubjecttoclinics.

D.Theyyieldnosymptoms.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theplants

B.thegrassland

C.thequalityofbees

D.thediseasetreatment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetemperature

B.theinfectedbirds

C.themosquitoes

D.Thehygiene

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sprayingpesticide

B.mosquitocontrol

C.climatechange

D.changethelanduse

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.DangerofVirus

B.ClimatechangeandVirus

C.InvadedSpecies

D.IntroductionofVirusControl

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“第一段的劃線部分是什么意思?”。從第一段Though80%ofinfectionsaresubclinical,thosewhodogetsickcangetverysick.(盡管80%的感染是亞臨床的,但是那些確實(shí)癥狀明顯的人就會(huì)病得很嚴(yán)重)可以看出劃線部分的意思是“臨床癥狀不明顯的”,所以可以推斷出是不嚴(yán)重的。B項(xiàng)“不被期望的”和C項(xiàng)“會(huì)變成臨床”沒有提到;D項(xiàng)“沒有癥狀”錯(cuò)誤,亞臨床是癥狀不明顯,不代表沒有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

62.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“蜜蜂的生活條件將得到改善是關(guān)于以下原因,除了……?”。文章第二段講到蚊子攜帶病毒通過叮咬傳染給鳥類及人類,蚊子會(huì)攜帶病毒與它的生活條件息息相關(guān)。通過這些分析同樣可以推理,只有和蜜蜂的生活條件相關(guān)的事物才能對(duì)其產(chǎn)生影響;A項(xiàng)“植物”,B項(xiàng)“草地”,C項(xiàng)“蜜蜂的質(zhì)量”,D項(xiàng)“病害處治”;只有B項(xiàng)與蜜蜂生活條件無關(guān),所以該題B項(xiàng)正確。

63.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“病毒傳播的關(guān)鍵因素是什么?”。第一段最后一句Thereweremorethan5,500casesreportedthatyear,andthescarythingisthatastheclimatewarms.WestNilewillcontinuetospread.(那一年報(bào)告的病例超過了5500例,可怕的是隨著氣候變暖,西尼羅河病毒將繼續(xù)蔓延)和第二段第四行theresearcherstookclimateandspeciesdistributiondata,andcreatedmodelsthattrytoprojectthespreadofthevirusastheglobewarms(研究人員獲取了氣候和物種分布數(shù)據(jù),并創(chuàng)建了模型,試圖預(yù)測隨著全球變暖病毒的傳播方向),可以推斷病毒傳播和溫度有關(guān);B選項(xiàng)“被感染的鳥類”和C選項(xiàng)“蚊子”只是傳播的一個(gè)途徑,D選項(xiàng)“衛(wèi)生”文中沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“UCLA的研究重點(diǎn)是什么?”。最后一段提到TheUCLAmodellooksonlyatclimatedata,anddoesn’ttakeintoaccountthekindofcontrolmethodsthatcanbeusedtocombatWestNileontheground,includingpesticidesprayingandland-usechangesthatdenymosquitoesthepoolsofstagnantwatertheyuseasbreedingsites.(UCLA的模型只考慮了氣候數(shù)據(jù),并沒有考慮到可以在地面上對(duì)抗西尼羅河病毒的控制方法,包括噴灑殺蟲劑和改變土地使用,阻止蚊子進(jìn)入它們作為繁殖地點(diǎn)的積水池),可以推斷,UCLA的研究是把重點(diǎn)放在了氣候變化。A選項(xiàng)“噴灑農(nóng)藥”、B選項(xiàng)“控制蚊子”和D選項(xiàng)“改變土地使用”都不是UCLA團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究重點(diǎn),因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的標(biāo)題可能是什么?”。這篇文章主要圍繞病毒的產(chǎn)生擴(kuò)散和氣候溫度的關(guān)系來展開敘述和討論;A項(xiàng)“病毒的危險(xiǎn)”,文章只是通過病毒的危害來引出后面研究人員對(duì)病毒的研究,不符合題意;C選項(xiàng)“入侵的物種”,文章只是引用入侵的物種來引出話題;D選項(xiàng)“病毒控制的介紹”,文章的著重點(diǎn)是在病毒和氣候變化的關(guān)系,因此B選項(xiàng)“病毒與氣候”最符合題意。

2.單選題

Hisover-enthusiasticsupportforthefootballteamdrovehiswifecrazyandirritatedhisfriends.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.financial

B.fantastic

C.fanatical

D.fabulous

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。over-enthusiastic表示“過分熱情的”;A項(xiàng)financial“金融的,財(cái)政的”,B項(xiàng)fantastic“極好的”,C項(xiàng)fanatical“狂熱的”,D項(xiàng)fabulous“難以置信的,傳說的”。句意:他對(duì)足球隊(duì)的過分熱情的支持使他的妻子發(fā)瘋,也激怒了他的朋友。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Inthedarkness,Icouldhearwindows______.Thisfollowedbyscreams,shoutingandlaughter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingopened

B.tobeopened

C.havingopened

D.opening

【答案】A

【解析】考查hear的用法和語態(tài)。Hear后面一般接動(dòng)詞原形或者現(xiàn)在分詞,因此排除B項(xiàng);根據(jù)句意,窗戶應(yīng)該是正在被打開,所以排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng),只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意:在黑暗中,我能聽到窗戶被打開的聲音;接著是尖叫聲、喊叫和笑聲。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

You______alltheseparcelsyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tneedtocarry

B.needn’thavecarried

C.needn’tcarry

D.didn’tneedcarry

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。后面的句子用了if虛擬語氣,由此可知前面句子是事實(shí),那么前面的句子意思應(yīng)該是“你本不需要親自拿包裹”,表示本不必做但事實(shí)上已經(jīng)做了,needn’thavedone(本不必做)正符合句意。句意:你本不必親自拿這些包裹的。如果你叫售貨員,商店就會(huì)替你郵寄他們的。故正確答案為B。

5.單選題

Ishallexplaintherules______wehavereceivedmanyobjections.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towhich

B.towhere

C.towho

D.towhom

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法??崭裉幮枰x擇一個(gè)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,而先行詞是物,所以只能用which或者that,但是先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)馁e語,objectionto表示“反對(duì)”,因此前面引導(dǎo)詞要用towhich。句意:我將解釋一下之前收到許多反對(duì)意見的條例。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

為了保證刑法的正確實(shí)施,懲罰犯罪,保護(hù)人民,保障國家安全和社會(huì)公共安全,維護(hù)社會(huì)主義社會(huì)秩序,根據(jù)憲法,制定中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法。本法的任務(wù)是:保證準(zhǔn)確、及時(shí)地查明犯罪事實(shí),正確運(yùn)用法律,懲罰犯罪分子,保證無罪的人不受刑事追究,教育公民自覺遵守法律,積極同犯罪分子做斗爭,以維護(hù)社會(huì)主義法制,保護(hù)公民的人身權(quán)利、財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利和其他權(quán)利,保證社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的順利進(jìn)行。

【答案】參考譯文:

TheCriminalProcedureLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaisenactedinaccordancewiththeConstitutionandforthepurposeofensuringcorrectenforcementoftheCriminalLaw,punishingcrimes,protectingthepeople,safeguardingStateandpublicsecurityandmaintainingsocialistpublicorder.TheaimofthisLawis:toensureaccurateandtimelyascertainmentoffactsaboutcrimes,correctapplicationoflaw,punishmentofcriminalsandprotectionoftheinnocentagainstbeinginvestigatedforcriminalresponsibility;toenhancethecitizens’awarenessoftheneedtoabidebylawandtofightvigorouslyagainstcriminalactsinordertosafeguardthesocialistlegalsystem;toprotectthecitizens'personalrights,theirpropertyrights,democraticrightsandotherrights;andtoguaranteesmoothprogressofthecauseofsocialistdevelopment.

7.單選題

Thesenatorscametoadeadlockintheirefforttofindasolution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.animpasse

B.araid

C.ahamlet

D.abreakthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。deadlock表示“僵局,停頓”;A項(xiàng)impasse“僵局,死路”,B項(xiàng)raid“襲擊,突襲”,C項(xiàng)hamlet“小村莊”,D項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破,突破性進(jìn)展”。句意:參議員們?cè)趯で蠼鉀Q辦法的努力中陷入了僵局。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations.ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw.ButaccommodationispartofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStatesandjudicialdecisionsmustbeassessedwiththisfactinmind.

Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.Certainlytherehavebeendecisionsthatcastdoubtonthevalidityofthisassertion.SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.However,thevalidityoftheassertioncanbeillustratedbyreferencetotwoimportantcontributionsthathaveresultedfromtheexerciseofjudicialpower.

First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.TheCourt’sattitudehasbeenconditionedbyrecognitionofthedistinctdisadvantagesNativeAmericansfacedwhendealingwithsettlersinthepast.TreatieswereinevitablywritteninEnglishforthebenefitoftheirauthors,whereastriballeaderswereaccustomedtomakingtreatieswithoutanywrittenaccount,onthestrengthofmutualpromisessealedbyreligiouscommitmentandindividualintegrity.Thewrittentreatieswereoftenbroken,andNativeAmericanswereconfrontedwithfraudandpoliticalandmilitaryaggression.TheCourtrecognizesthatpastunfairnesstoNativeAmericanscannotbesanctionedbytheforceoflaw.Therefore,ambiguitiesintreatiesaretobeinterpretedinfavoroftheNativeAmericanclaimants,treatiesaretobeinterpretedastheNativeAmericanswouldhaveunderstoodthem,and,underthereservedrightsdoctrine,treatiesreservetoNativeAmericansallrightsthathavenotbeenspecificallygrantedawayinothertreaties.

Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.Intheabsenceofafederalstatutedirectlyandclearlyallocatingafunctiontothestates,federaljudgesareinclinedtoreserveforthefederalgovernment—andthetribalgovernmentsunderitscharge—allthosepowersandrightstheycanbesaidtohavepossessedhistorically.

61.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonwhytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt“hasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations”(lines1-2)isthat______.

62.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’sresolutionoflegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericanscanbestbedescribedasoneof______.

63.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofthestates’powersandjurisdictionswithrespecttoNativeAmericanaffairswouldbe______.

64.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto______.

65.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievestheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’streatmentofNativeAmericanstohavebeen______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.NativeAmericanshavebeenpreventedfrompresentingtheirconcernspersuasively

B.theCourthasfailedtorecognizethattheIndiannations’concernsaredifferentfromthoseofothergroupsorfromthoseofthefederalgovernment

C.theCourthasmadepoliticalcompromisesindecidingsomecases

D.theCourthasbeenreluctanttocurtailthepowersofthefederalgovernment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wholeheartedendorsement

B.restrainedappreciation

C.detachedobjectivity

D.cautiousopposition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.possibleonlywiththeconsentoftheIndiannations

B.favorablyviewedbytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt

C.inthebestinterestsofbothstateandfederalgovernments

D.detrimentaltotheinterestsofNativeAmericans

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contrastopposingviews

B.reevaluatetraditionalbeliefs

C.reconciledivergentopinions

D.provideevidencetosupportacontention

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reasonablysupportiveinmostsituations

B.irreproachableonlegalgrounds

C.guidedbyenduringprinciplesoflaw

D.misguidedbutgenerallyharmless

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章,美國最高法院‘并不總是以一種讓印第安人滿意的方式解決印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題’的一個(gè)原因是……”。第一段第二句提到ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw(最高法院的許多判決都是政治妥協(xié)的產(chǎn)物,這些妥協(xié)看起來更像是時(shí)代的緩和,而不是持久的法律原則),由此可知法院在案件的判決中做出了政治妥協(xié),因此,C項(xiàng)“法院在判決一些案件時(shí)做出了政治妥協(xié)”符合題意;A項(xiàng)“美國原住民被阻止以有說服力的方式表達(dá)他們的擔(dān)憂”,根據(jù)第二段第五行SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.(一些批評(píng)人士指出,許多法院意見的庇護(hù)語氣和對(duì)印第安人價(jià)值觀的明顯拒絕,是復(fù)審案件時(shí)需要考慮的重要因素)可知,法院是拒絕美國原住民的價(jià)值觀,而不是阻止他們以有說服力的方式表達(dá)自己的擔(dān)憂,因此該項(xiàng)不正確;B項(xiàng)“法院沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到印第安民族的關(guān)注點(diǎn)不同于其他群體或聯(lián)邦政府的關(guān)注點(diǎn)”,文中沒有提到印第安人的關(guān)注點(diǎn)是什么;D項(xiàng)“法院一直不愿意削減聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)力”原文也沒有提到;故該題選C。

62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對(duì)美國最高法院解決印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題的態(tài)度可以很好地描述為……”。第二段第一句提到Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.(盡管司法系統(tǒng)具有妥協(xié)性,值得注意的是美國本土居民在少部分事務(wù)上受惠于最高法院,而在重大問題方面,美國本土居民也并不因此受到損害),由此可知,作者對(duì)利弊都有表述,其態(tài)度是公正的,故C項(xiàng)“公平的客觀”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“全心全意的支持”,第一段作者還提到了最高法院并不總是以一種讓印第安人滿意的方式解決印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題,所以全心全意的支持這種說法是錯(cuò)誤的;B項(xiàng)“拘謹(jǐn)?shù)母兄x”,作者沒有表達(dá)感謝,因此該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎的反對(duì)”,作者表述了美國最高法院對(duì)印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題上有利有弊的解決方案,說作者是客觀的態(tài)度更貼切題意;故該題選C。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷出作者相信各州在印第安人事務(wù)上的權(quán)力和管轄權(quán)的擴(kuò)展將會(huì)是……”。文章最后一段提到Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.(聯(lián)邦法官不傾向于贊成擴(kuò)大各州權(quán)力和司法管轄權(quán),因?yàn)檫@種擴(kuò)大會(huì)對(duì)聯(lián)邦權(quán)力的行使構(gòu)成直接威脅),由此可知國家權(quán)力的擴(kuò)張以及司法觸及美國本土居民事務(wù),聯(lián)邦政府將會(huì)面臨危險(xiǎn);該司法系統(tǒng)是國家提供的保護(hù),所以,對(duì)于擴(kuò)展各州在印第安人事務(wù)上的權(quán)力和管轄權(quán)是會(huì)得到美國最高法院的支持的,A項(xiàng)“只有得到印第安民族的同意才可能”過于絕對(duì);B項(xiàng)“受到美國最高法院的認(rèn)可”符合題意;C項(xiàng)“為了州和聯(lián)邦政府的最大利益”,文章已經(jīng)提到了會(huì)給聯(lián)邦權(quán)力的行使構(gòu)成直接威脅,所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)“對(duì)美國原住民的利益有害”,最后一段第一句提到Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.(司法制度的第二個(gè)成就是保護(hù)部落事務(wù)不受陳腐勢(shì)力的侵犯),由此可知對(duì)美國原住民并不是有害的,因此該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;故該題選B。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者最主要的目的是……”。最后兩段句首作者用了first和second,可知作者是在舉例論證,因此D項(xiàng)“提供證據(jù)支持論點(diǎn)”正確;A項(xiàng)“對(duì)比相反的觀點(diǎn)”,文章最后兩段的中心句是First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.(首先,最高法院制定了一般有利于美國原住民訴訟當(dāng)事人權(quán)利的司法構(gòu)建規(guī)則)和Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.(司法制度的第二個(gè)成就是保護(hù)部落事務(wù)不受陳腐勢(shì)力的侵犯),由此可知作者并沒有對(duì)比相反的觀點(diǎn);B項(xiàng)“重新評(píng)估傳統(tǒng)信仰”和C項(xiàng)“調(diào)和不同的意見”文中沒有提到;故該題選D。

65.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷作者認(rèn)為美國最高法院對(duì)印第安人的對(duì)待是……”。本文主要講到美國最高法院對(duì)美國本土居民的法律問題的處理是政治妥協(xié),而并非遵循著法律原則,但是這種處理也是合情合理的,因?yàn)樗]有造成極大的危害。故A項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)情況下都給予相當(dāng)?shù)闹С帧北容^符合句意;B項(xiàng)“在法律上無可指責(zé)”,文章都提到了有時(shí)候法院對(duì)印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題沒有遵循法律原則,所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“受持久的法律原則指導(dǎo)”,文中提到也會(huì)受到政治妥協(xié),該項(xiàng)也不正確;D項(xiàng)“被誤導(dǎo)但一般無害”,文中沒有提到誤導(dǎo);故該題選A。

9.單選題

Apetitionerbroughtabillinequitybeforethecourt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.answer

C.document

D.complaint

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。Billinequity意思是“平衡法控訴書”,即一種訴狀;A選項(xiàng)warrant“證明,委任狀”;B選項(xiàng)answer“回答,答辯”;C選項(xiàng)document“文件,公文”;D選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨”,也可以表示法律上的“控告”。句意:請(qǐng)?jiān)溉讼蚍ㄔ禾峤灰环萜胶夥卦V書。根據(jù)句意D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Afakecanbedefinedasanartworkintendedtodeceive.Themotivesofitscreatoraredecisive,andthemeritoftheobjectitselfisaseparateissue.ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheArtofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.

ThegreaterpartofFake?isdevotedtoachronologicalsurveysuggestingthatfakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.InmedievalEurope,becauseartwascelebratedmoreforitsdevotionalusesthanforitsprovenanceortheingenuityofitscreators,thefakingofartwasvirtuallynonexistent.ThemodernageoffakingbeganintheItalianRenaissance,withtwolinkeddevelopments:apassionateidentificationwiththeworldofantiquityandagrowingsenseofindividualartisticidentity.ApatronoftheyoungMichelangeloprevailedupontheartisttomakehisSculptureSleepingCupidlookasthoughithadbeenburiedintheearthsothat“itwillbetakenforantique,andyouwillsellitmuchbetter.”Withinafewyears,however,beginningwithhisfirstmasterpiece,theBacchus,Michelangelohadshownhiscontemporariesthatgreatartcanassimilateandtranscendwhatcamebefore,resultinginawhollyoriginalwork.Soonhisgeniusmadehimtheobjectofimitators.

Fake?Alsoremindsusthatincertainculturesauthenticityisaforeignconcept.ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.Asanillustration,thestudycomparestwoversionsofachiwaramaskmadebytheBambarapeopleofMali.Onehaspegsallowingittobeattachedtoacapforitsintendedceremonialpurpose.Thesecond,otherwiseidentical,lacksthepegsandisareplicamadeforsale.Africancarvingisnotoriouslydifficulttodate,buteveniftheritualmaskisrecent,madeperhapstoreplaceadamagedpredecessor,andthereplicamucholder,onlytheritualmaskshouldbeseenasauthentic,foritistiedtotheform’soriginalfunction.That,atleast,istheconsensusoftheso-calledexperts.OnewonderswhethertheBambaranartistswouldagree.

56.Thepassagecanbestbedescribedasdoingwhichoneofthefollowing?

57.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’smainpoint?

58.TheauthorprovidesatleastoneexampleofeachofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

59.Theauthorimplieswhichoneofthefollowingabouttheartisticmeritsoffakes?

60.Bythestandarddescribedinthelastparagraphofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredauthentic?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Reconcilingvariedpointsofview.

B.Chroniclingtheevolutionofaphenomenon.

C.Exploringacomplexquestion.

D.Advocatinganewapproach.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whetheraworkofartisfakeornotislessimportantthanwhetherithasartisticmerit.

B.Itispossibletoshowthataworkofartisfake,buttheauthenticityofaworknotbeprovedconclusively.

C.Avarietyofcircumstancesmakeitdifficulttodeterminewhetheraworkofartcanappropriatelybecalledafake.

D.Thefakingofarthasoccurredthroughouthistoryandinvirtuallyeveryculture.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.categoriesofartthatareneitherwhollyfakenorwhollyoriginal

B.contemporaryartistswhoseworkshaveinspiredfakes

C.qualitiesthatartcollectorshaveprizedintheiracquisitions

D.culturesinwhichthefakingofartflourished

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Afakemayormaynothaveartisticmeritinitsownright,regardlessofthecircumstancesofitsproduction.

B.Whetherafakehasartisticmeritdependsonwhetheritscreatorisaccomplishedasanartist.

C.Theartisticmeritoffakedependsonthemeritoftheoriginalworkthatinspiredthefake.

D.Afakecanbesaidtohaveartisticmeritonlyiftheattempteddeceptionissuccessful.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AnancientRomancopyofanancientGreeksculpture.

B.Amodernreconstructionofamedievalaltarpiecedesignedtoserveitstraditionalroleinaserviceofworship.

C.Aprintofapaintingsignedbytheartistwhopaintedtheoriginal.

D.ApaintingbegunbyRenaissancemasterandfinishedbyhisassistantsafterhisdeath.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“這篇文章可以最好的描述為在做下列哪一種事情?”。通讀全文可知,都在從各個(gè)角度講述贗品其實(shí)是另外一件藝術(shù)品這樣一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題,作者認(rèn)為雖然創(chuàng)造者的動(dòng)機(jī)是欺騙性的,但是這件藝術(shù)品本身的特質(zhì)是另外一回事;而且在文中作者舉了相關(guān)的例子加以說明,例如第二段第二句InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.(在羅馬帝國時(shí)期,人們對(duì)收藏早期希臘藝術(shù)品有著廣泛的興趣,因此也熱衷于偽造藝術(shù)品。毫無疑問,現(xiàn)在作為“羅馬復(fù)制品”展出的許多雕塑最初被冒充為希臘雕塑)提到,羅馬的藝術(shù)品很多是希臘當(dāng)時(shí)的仿造品,但是現(xiàn)在仍然被視為珍寶。通過分析,C項(xiàng)“探索一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“調(diào)和不同的觀點(diǎn)”,文中沒有提到不同的觀點(diǎn);B項(xiàng)“記錄某一現(xiàn)象的演變”,文中也沒有記錄贗品現(xiàn)象的演變;D項(xiàng)“提倡新方法”不符合文章大意。因此該題選C。

57.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最好地表達(dá)了作者的主要觀點(diǎn)?”。根據(jù)文章的第一段Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.(事實(shí)上,它可能同樣被命名為“原創(chuàng)?”;而且這篇文章一開始就沒有任何可能性介于這兩個(gè)極端之間;其中包括大師風(fēng)格的追隨者的作品、有意的古語、為教學(xué)目的的復(fù)制以及商業(yè)復(fù)制品的生產(chǎn))可知,一件藝術(shù)品在各種情況下都沒有可能性確定是贗品,所以C項(xiàng)“在各種各樣的情況下,很難確定一件藝術(shù)品是否可以被恰當(dāng)?shù)胤Q為贗品”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“一件藝術(shù)品是否贗品并不重要,重要的是它是否有藝術(shù)價(jià)值”,根據(jù)最后一段第二句ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.(當(dāng)收藏家認(rèn)為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時(shí),很多非洲藝術(shù)品都是如此)可知,一件藝術(shù)品的重要之處還在于它的功能,A項(xiàng)片面,所以不選;B項(xiàng)“有可能證明一件藝術(shù)品是贗品,但無法最終證明一件藝術(shù)品的真?zhèn)巍?,文中提到?jīng)]有任何可能證明一件藝術(shù)品是贗品,B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)造假在歷史上和幾乎每一種文化中都屢見不鮮”,選項(xiàng)本身沒有錯(cuò)誤,但是這不是文章主要的內(nèi)容,文章主要是討論贗品和藝術(shù)品的之間的區(qū)別和關(guān)系。因此該題選C。

58.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“除了哪一項(xiàng)之外,作者至少為下列每一項(xiàng)提供了一個(gè)例子?”。A項(xiàng)“既非完全贗品也非完全原創(chuàng)的藝術(shù)類別”,根據(jù)文章第一段ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheActofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?(馬克?瓊斯的《贗品:欺騙的藝術(shù)》一書,標(biāo)題中的問號(hào)揭示了該研究更廣泛的擔(dān)憂。事實(shí)上,它可能同樣被命名為“原創(chuàng)?”)可知,A項(xiàng)有所提及;B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家的作品激發(fā)了贗品的創(chuàng)作靈感”,文中沒有相關(guān)提及的例子;根據(jù)第二段第一句fakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.(造假會(huì)助長人們收藏藝術(shù)品的多種不同動(dòng)機(jī),而且,總體而言,藝術(shù)收藏繁榮的時(shí)候,造假也就繁榮起來)可知,C項(xiàng)“這些品質(zhì)是藝術(shù)收藏家在他們的藏品中所珍視的”和D項(xiàng)“偽造藝術(shù)盛行的文化”都有提及,只有B選項(xiàng)沒有提到。因此該題選B。

59.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一項(xiàng)是關(guān)于贗品的藝術(shù)價(jià)值?”。根據(jù)第二段第一句onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes(總體而言,藝術(shù)收藏繁榮的時(shí)候,造假也就繁榮起來)可知,贗品有沒有藝術(shù)價(jià)值,取決于藝術(shù)收藏是否盛行,所以A項(xiàng)“一件贗品本身可能有也可能沒有藝術(shù)價(jià)值,與它的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境無關(guān)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)贗品是否有藝術(shù)價(jià)值,取決于它的創(chuàng)作者是否作為一個(gè)藝術(shù)家完成”,根據(jù)第二段InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.(在羅馬帝國時(shí)期,人們對(duì)收藏早期希臘藝術(shù)品有著廣泛的興趣,因此也熱衷于偽造藝術(shù)品;毫無疑問,現(xiàn)在作為“羅馬復(fù)制品”展出的許多雕塑最初被冒充為希臘雕塑)可知,一個(gè)贗品是否有價(jià)值和它的創(chuàng)作者是不是藝術(shù)家無關(guān),B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“贗品的藝術(shù)價(jià)值取決于激發(fā)贗品靈感的原作的價(jià)值”,最后一段第二句提到ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.(當(dāng)收藏家認(rèn)為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時(shí),很多非洲藝術(shù)品都是如此),由此可知贗品的藝術(shù)價(jià)值也可以取決于它的功能;D項(xiàng)“一件贗品只有在欺騙成功的情況下才可以說是有藝術(shù)價(jià)值的”,內(nèi)容與文章不符。因此該題選A。

60.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章最后一段所描述的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),下列哪項(xiàng)會(huì)被認(rèn)為是可信的?”。文章中最后一段第二句指出ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.(當(dāng)收藏家認(rèn)為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時(shí),很多非洲藝術(shù)品都是如此),由此可知只有當(dāng)收藏家是基于它的功能而把它視為藝術(shù)的時(shí)候,它才是真的;所以B項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代重建的中世紀(jì)祭壇作品,為在禮拜儀式中發(fā)揮其傳統(tǒng)作用而設(shè)計(jì)的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“古希臘雕塑的古羅馬復(fù)制品”不是最后一段的內(nèi)容;C項(xiàng)“由原畫作者簽名的一幅畫的復(fù)制品”和D項(xiàng)“一幅由文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的大師開始,在他死后由他的助手完成的畫”在文中沒有相關(guān)的出處。因此該題選B。

11.單選題

Theguiltyverdictwaswidelyexpected,althoughharsherthanmanyhadpredicted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jury

B.crime

C.convict

D.judgment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。verdict表示“結(jié)論,裁定”。A項(xiàng)jury“陪審團(tuán)”,B項(xiàng)crime“罪行”,C項(xiàng)convict“罪犯”,D項(xiàng)judgment“意見,判斷力”;句意:有罪判決是普遍預(yù)期的,盡管比許多人預(yù)期的要嚴(yán)厲。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

12.單選題

______fashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoilfunctionedaccordingtotheprincipleofcapillaryaction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Alllampsearly

B.Lampsallearly

C.Allearlylamps

D.Earlyalllamps

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞前的形容詞順序問題。很多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞,其先后順序?yàn)閿?shù)量、大小、新舊、顏色、產(chǎn)地、材料、名詞性形容詞;指示性形容詞all,many,some及any均應(yīng)放在一般修飾性形容詞前面;句意:所有早期的燈都是由一根浮在油碗里的燈芯制成的,燈芯的作用原理是毛細(xì)管作用。因此只有C項(xiàng)語序正確。

13.單選題

Theringsinacrosssectionofapinetreerevealboththeageofthetreeand______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheclimaticchangesundergoing

B.theclimaticchangesithasundergone

C.undergoestheclimaticchanges

D.ithasundergoneclimaticchanges

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。both…and是一個(gè)表示并列的連詞,連接的前后成分在語法上必須一致,and之前接的是一個(gè)名詞結(jié)構(gòu),做句子的賓語,所以我們也要選擇一個(gè)名詞結(jié)構(gòu),A項(xiàng)不符合語法;C項(xiàng)undergo是動(dòng)詞;D項(xiàng)是一個(gè)句子不符合語法;句意:松樹橫截面上的年輪既揭示了松樹的年齡,也揭示了它所經(jīng)歷的氣候變化。根據(jù)語法和句意,正確答案為B。

14.單選題

Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyon______bestinitsclimateandsoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itgrows

B.whatgrows

C.doesitgrow

D.whatdoesitgrow

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。dependon后面應(yīng)該接賓語從句。A選項(xiàng)缺少that引導(dǎo)賓語從句;B選項(xiàng)剛好與后面內(nèi)容組成賓語從句;C和D都是疑問句式,不能選;句意:一個(gè)國家的主要食物是什么,大體取決于什么作物在其天氣和土壤條件下生長得最好。因此,該題正確答案為B。

15.單選題

Onceapoliticalsystemhasbeencorrupted,rightfromtheverytopleaderstothelowestranksofthegovernment,theproblemisverycomplicated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoiled

B.disintegrated

C.rotten

D.boiled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。corrupted表示“腐敗的”。A項(xiàng)spoiled“溺愛的,破壞的”,B項(xiàng)disintegrated“分裂的,崩潰的”,C項(xiàng)rotten“腐爛的,墮落的”,D項(xiàng)boiled“煮沸的”;句意:一旦一個(gè)政治體系腐敗,從最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到最低級(jí)別的政府,問題就變得非常復(fù)雜。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

16.單選題

HereinourUniversity,moreandmorestudentsareoptingforcomputersciencecourses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.opposingto

B.choosing

C.neglecting

D.withdrawingfrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。Optfor表示“選擇”;A項(xiàng)opposeto“反對(duì)”,B項(xiàng)choose“選擇”,C項(xiàng)neglect“忽視”,D項(xiàng)withdrawfrom“退出,離開”。句意:在我們大學(xué),越來越多的學(xué)生選擇了計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)課程。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Airbnbannouncedthatit’sgoingafterthemajorhotelchains—whichatfirstsoundedkindofcute,likeaprecociousLittleLeaguepitchersayinghe’sgoingtostrikeoutMiguelCabrera.

ButwhenCEOBrianCheskylaidouthisthinkingformewhilesittingonabarrelinAirbnb’snew,funkyheadquartersinSanFrancisco,Ithoughttheinvestorswhohavepumped$326millionintothecompanymightnotbetoodim.Airbnbisbecomingmuchmorethanawaytospend$26anighttosleepinLondonwithfiveotherpeopleatTheImperialFleapit.

Infact,Airbnbislookinglikeaproofpointofatrendthathasbeengettingalotofattentionlately.ComerefertoitastheDIYfordoityourself-movement.VenturecapitalistHemantTaneja,lookingatitformadifferentangle,callsit“unsealing.”Cheskyusestheterm“decentralizedproduction.”MarcAndreessenhitontheconceptinamanifestoentitled“WhySoftwareIsEatingtheWorld.”

Itallpointstothesameidea:Informationtechnologyiserodingthepoweroflarge-scalemassproduction.We’reinsteadmovingtowardaworldofmassivenumbersofsmall-producersofferinguniquestuff—andofconsumerswhorejectmass-producedstuff.TheInternet,software,3Dprinting,socialnetworks,cloudcomputingandothertechnologiesa

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