2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號86

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Viewingyouraccountbalancesanytimeyouwant,youcantransfermoneyaccountsatyourconvenience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.between

C.from

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞用法。A項(xiàng)to“向……”，B項(xiàng)between“在……之間”，C項(xiàng)from“從，來自……”，D項(xiàng)with“和……”；句意：任何時(shí)候您都可以查看您的賬戶余額，也可以方便的時(shí)候在賬戶間相互轉(zhuǎn)賬。transfer一般是指兩個(gè)事物之間的轉(zhuǎn)移，所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

He______youunlessyouhadspokenslowly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tunderstand

B.wouldn’tunderstand

C.wouldn’thaveunderstood

D.hadn’tunderstood

【答案】C

【解析】考查條件句。連詞unless意為“除非……如果不……，除了……”，一般用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定意義的真實(shí)條件句，有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句，相當(dāng)于ifnot。從句表示對過去事實(shí)的否定，主句應(yīng)該用wouldhavedone；A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)缺少情態(tài)動詞would,故不選；B項(xiàng)缺少have。句意：他不理解，除非你說慢點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意和語法，正確答案為C。

3.單選題

Publicgeneralhospitalsoriginatedinthealmshouseinfirmariesestablishedasearlyascolonialtimesbylocalgovernmentstocareforthepoor.Later,inthelateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,theinfirmaryseparatedfromthealmshouseandbecameanindependentinstitutionsupportedbylocaltaxmoney.Atthesametime,privatecharityhospitalsbegantodevelop.Bothprivateandpublichospitalsprovidedmainlyfoodandshelterfortheimpoverishedsick,sincetherewaslittlethatmedicinecouldactuallydotocureillness,andthemiddleclasswastreatedathomebyprivatephysicians.

Lateinthenineteenthcentury,theprivatecharityhospitalbegantryingtoattractmiddle-classpatients.Althoughthedepressionof1890stimulatedthegrowthofcharitableinstitutionsandanexpandingurbanpopulationbecamedependentonassistance,therewasadeclineinprivatecontributionstotheseorganizationswhichforcedthemtolooktolocalgovernmentforfinancialsupport.Sinceprivateinstitutionshadalsolostbenefactors;theybegantochargepatients.Inordertoattractmiddle-classpatients,privateinstitutionsprovidedservicesandamenitiesthatdistinguishedbetweenpayingandnon-payingpatientsandmadethehospitaladesirableplaceforprivatephysicianstotreattheirownpatients.Aspayingpatientsbecamemorenecessarytothesurvivaloftheprivatehospital,thepublichospitalsslowlybecametheonlyplaceforthepoortogettreatment.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,citieswerereimbursingprivatehospitalsfortheircareofindigentpatientsandthepublichospitalsremaineddependentonthetaxdollars.

Theadventofprivatehospitalhealthinsurance,whichprovidedmiddle-classpatientswiththepurchasingpowertopayforprivatehospitalservices,guaranteedtheprivatehospitalaregularsourceofincome.Privatehospitalsrestrictedthemselvestorevenue-generatingpatients,leavingthepublichospitalstocareforfilepoor.Althoughpublichospitalscontinuedtoprovideservicesforpatientswithcommunicablediseasesand-outpatientandemergencyservices,theBlueCrossplansdevelopedaroundtheneedsoftheprivatehospitalsandtheinpatientstheyserved.Thus,reimbursementforambulatorycarehasbeenminimalundermostBlueCrossplans,andprovisionofoutpatientcarehasnotbeenamajorfunctionoftheprivatehospital,inpartbecauseprivatepatientscanaffordtopayfortheservicesofprivatephysicians.Additionally,sinceWorldWarII，therehasbeenatremendousinfluxoffederalmoneyintoprivatemedicalschoolsandthehospitalsassociatedwiththem.Further,largeprivatemedicalcenterswithexpensiveresearchequipmentandprogramshaveattractedthebestadministrators,physicians,andresearchers.Asaresultofthegreaterresourcesavailabletotheprivatemedicalcenters,publichospitalshaveincreasingproblemsattractinghighlyqualifiedresearchandmedicalpersonnel.Withthemainstreamofhealthcarefirmlyestablishedintheprivatemedicalsector,thepublichospitalhasbecomea“dumpingground.”

56.Accordingtothepassage,theveryfirstprivatehospitals______.

57.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthedifferencesthatcurrentlyexistbetweenpublicandprivatehospitalsareprimarilytheresultof______.

58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlogicaltopicfortheauthortointroduceinthenextparagraph?

59.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto______.

60.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpublichospitalscanbestbedescribedas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.developedfromalmshouseinfirmaries

B.wereestablishedmainlytoservicethepoor

C.weresupportedbygovernmentrevenues

D.providedbettercarethanpublicinfirmaries

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.politicalconsiderations

B.legislativerequirements

C.economicfactors

D.ethicalconcerns

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aplantoimprovethequalityofpublichospitals.

B.Ananalysisoftheprofitstructureofhealthinsurancecompanies.

C.Aproposaltoraisetaxesonthemiddleclass.

D.Adiscussionofrecentdevelopmentsinmedicaltechnology.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.describethefinancialstructureofthehealthcareindustry

B.demonstratetheimportanceofgovernmentsupportforhealth-careinstitutions

C.criticizewealthyinstitutionsforrefusingtoprovideservicestothepoor

D.identifythehistoricalcausesofthedivisionbetweenprivateandpublichospitals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.contemptuousandprejudiced

B.enthusiasticandsupportive

C.apprehensiveanddistrustful

D.concernedandunderstanding

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】56.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，最早的私立醫(yī)院……”。文章第一段說到Publicgeneralhospitalsoriginatedinthealmshouseinfirmariesestablishedasearlyascolonialtimesbylocalgovernmentstocareforthepoor.（公立綜合醫(yī)院起源于殖民地時(shí)期地方政府為照顧窮人而建立的救濟(jì)院醫(yī)務(wù)室），由此可知由救濟(jì)院醫(yī)務(wù)室發(fā)展來的是公立醫(yī)院，而不是私人醫(yī)院，所以A項(xiàng)“由救濟(jì)院醫(yī)務(wù)室發(fā)展而來”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段最后一句Bothprivateandpublichospitalsprovidedmainlyfoodandshelterfortheimpoverishedsick（私立醫(yī)院和公立醫(yī)院主要為貧困病人提供食物和住所）可知，最開始公立醫(yī)院和私立醫(yī)院都是為窮人提供服務(wù)的，因此B項(xiàng)“主要是為窮人服務(wù)而建立的”符合題意；C項(xiàng)“由政府收入支持”文中未提及；D項(xiàng)“提供比公立醫(yī)院更好的護(hù)理”，最初的公立醫(yī)院和私立醫(yī)院都是為窮人服務(wù)，沒有好壞之分，因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選B。

57.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為目前公立醫(yī)院與私立醫(yī)院之間存在的差異，主要是由于……”。根據(jù)文章第二段Sinceprivateinstitutionshadalsolostbenefactors;theybegantochargepatients.Inordertoattractmiddle-classpatients,privateinstitutionsprovidedservicesandamenitiesthatdistinguishedbetweenpayingandnon-payingpatientsandmadethehospitaladesirableplaceforprivatephysicianstotreattheirownpatients.Aspayingpatientsbecamemorenecessarytothesurvivaloftheprivatehospital,thepublichospitalsslowlybecametheonlyplaceforthepoortogettreatment.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,citieswerereimbursingprivatehospitalsfortheircareofindigentpatientsandthepublichospitalsremaineddependentonthetaxdollars.（因?yàn)樗饺藱C(jī)構(gòu)也失去了捐助者；他們開始向病人收費(fèi)。為了吸引中產(chǎn)階級患者，私人機(jī)構(gòu)提供了區(qū)分付費(fèi)和非付費(fèi)患者的服務(wù)和設(shè)施，使醫(yī)院成為私人醫(yī)生治療自己患者的理想場所。隨著付費(fèi)病人對私立醫(yī)院的生存變得更加必要，公立醫(yī)院慢慢成為窮人獲得治療的唯一場所。到19世紀(jì)末，城市開始償還私立醫(yī)院對貧困病人的護(hù)理費(fèi)用，而公立醫(yī)院仍然依靠納稅人的錢），這一段詳細(xì)闡述了私立醫(yī)院是如何從不收費(fèi)到收費(fèi)，并且因?yàn)橘Y金的慢慢累積而變得更好，而公立醫(yī)院一直都依賴于政府的稅收，很難發(fā)展。所以這是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素導(dǎo)致兩者的差異，而不是政治，立法或者倫理原因。故A項(xiàng)“政治上的考慮”，B項(xiàng)“立法要求”和D項(xiàng)“倫理關(guān)懷”錯(cuò)誤，C項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)因素”符合題意。故該題選C。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“下面哪一項(xiàng)會是作者在下一段中引入的最符合邏輯的主題？”。文章最后兩句話說到Asaresultofthegreaterresourcesavailabletotheprivatemedicalcenters,publichospitalshaveincreasingproblemsattractinghighlyqualifiedresearchandmedicalpersonnel.Withthemainstreamofhealthcarefirmlyestablishedintheprivatemedicalsector,thepublichospitalhasbecomea“dumpingground.”（由于私人醫(yī)療中心擁有更多的資源，公立醫(yī)院在吸引高素質(zhì)的研究人員和醫(yī)務(wù)人員方面面臨越來越多的問題。隨著主流醫(yī)療保健在私營醫(yī)療部門的牢固建立，公立醫(yī)院已成為一個(gè)“垃圾場”），根據(jù)最后一段講述了公立醫(yī)院因?yàn)槿鄙儋Y金找不高素質(zhì)的醫(yī)療研究人員，導(dǎo)致其變成了一個(gè)垃圾場，根據(jù)邏輯推理，在接下來的文章中，作者極可能就此問題進(jìn)行分析，并給出如何改進(jìn)這一問題的方案，所以選擇A項(xiàng)“提高公立醫(yī)院質(zhì)量的計(jì)劃”；B項(xiàng)“健康保險(xiǎn)公司利潤結(jié)構(gòu)分析”，C項(xiàng)“提高中產(chǎn)階級稅收的提案”和D項(xiàng)“對醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)最近發(fā)展的討論”都與改善公立醫(yī)院無關(guān)。故該題選A。

59.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)心的是什么”。全文作者一開始就講述了公立醫(yī)院與私立醫(yī)院的歷史發(fā)展與變化和直到今天各自如此不同的各種原因，所以D項(xiàng)“找出私立醫(yī)院和公立醫(yī)院分離的歷史原因”更能概括作者的意圖。A項(xiàng)“描述醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)”，過于片面，這只是說了私立醫(yī)院與公立醫(yī)院不同的一個(gè)方面，不夠全面，故不選；B項(xiàng)“證明政府支持保健機(jī)構(gòu)的重要性”，文中作者也沒有說過政府支持對醫(yī)院的重要性，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“批評富裕的機(jī)構(gòu)拒絕為窮人提供服務(wù)”，作者整個(gè)態(tài)度是中立的，并沒有批評哪一方面的意思，所以C項(xiàng)不選。故該題選D。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對公立醫(yī)院的態(tài)度最好的描述是什么”。作者在全文中對于公立醫(yī)院的來源于發(fā)展都是保持一種客觀描述的態(tài)度，對公立醫(yī)院今時(shí)今日的處境也表示理解與關(guān)心。所以選D項(xiàng)“關(guān)心和理解”更符合題意。文中作者并沒有表示任何輕蔑或是十分熱衷，所以A項(xiàng)“輕蔑和偏見”和B項(xiàng)“熱情和支持”均不選；C項(xiàng)“不安和不信任”，文中針對公立醫(yī)院的服務(wù)質(zhì)量作者沒有多做描述，不存在不信任或懷疑；因此該項(xiàng)也不選。故該題選D。

4.單選題

Theringsinacrosssectionofapinetreerevealboththeageofthetreeand______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheclimaticchangesundergoing

B.theclimaticchangesithasundergone

C.undergoestheclimaticchanges

D.ithasundergoneclimaticchanges

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。both…and是一個(gè)表示并列的連詞，連接的前后成分在語法上必須一致，and之前接的是一個(gè)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，做句子的賓語，所以我們也要選擇一個(gè)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，A項(xiàng)不符合語法；C項(xiàng)undergo是動詞；D項(xiàng)是一個(gè)句子不符合語法；句意：松樹橫截面上的年輪既揭示了松樹的年齡，也揭示了它所經(jīng)歷的氣候變化。根據(jù)語法和句意，正確答案為B。

5.單選題

Wantaglimpseofthefutureofhealthcare?Takealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleinvolvedinpatientcarearebeingconnectedtooneanother:andhowthisnewconnectivityisbeingexploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemaybe.

Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.

Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare.Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.

Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.

Doctorshavemettodiscusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosis,trainingandtelemedicine.Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldusherinanerawhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,expertopinionanddiagnosisarecommon.

46.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe______.

47.TheSentence“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast”means______.

48.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptthat______.

49.Theword“problem”inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat______.

50.Apropertitleforthepassagemaybe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standardizedsymptomsofapatient

B.personaldataassistance

C.transmittedcomplexmedicalimages

D.realphysiologicaldatafromapatient

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.nowpeopleprobablywouldnotaskifthereisadoctorinthehouse

B.patientsusedtocryandaskiftherewasadoctorinthehouse

C.inthepastpeopleoftencriedandaskediftherewasadoctorinthehouse

D.patientsarenowstillaskingifthereisadoctorinthehouse

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisnowfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsovertelephone

B.floodisnotamongthedisastersmentionedinthepassage

C.thetrendinapplyingtelemedicineistowardprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldata

D.telemedicineisbeingusedbymanymedicalteamsasatoolfordisasterresponse

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therearenotenoughmobilephonesfordistributingmedicalintelligence

B.CTscansareoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers

C.bandwidthisnotadequatetotransmitcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld

D.communicationssatellitescanonlycopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasters

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ImprovementinCommunications

B.TheInlineDoctorIsIn

C.ApplicationofTelemedicine

D.HowtoMakeRemoteDiagnosis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“遠(yuǎn)程診斷的基礎(chǔ)將是……”。第二段的第二句話提到Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.（然而，越來越多的遠(yuǎn)程診斷（遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療）將基于實(shí)際患者的真實(shí)生理數(shù)據(jù)），由此可知，遠(yuǎn)程診斷的基礎(chǔ)是患者的真實(shí)生理數(shù)據(jù)，因此D項(xiàng)“病人真實(shí)的生理數(shù)據(jù)”正確；A項(xiàng)“病人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀”，第二段第一句話提到Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.（網(wǎng)上醫(yī)生根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀提供建議就是最明顯的例子），由此可知根據(jù)病人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀診斷的是網(wǎng)上醫(yī)生，而不是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療；B項(xiàng)“個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備”，第二段第三句提到AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone（肯塔基大學(xué)的一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)證明，通過使用現(xiàn)成的PDA（個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備），如掌上電腦和移動電話，通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的），由此可知，個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備是用來傳輸病人生命體征，只是一種傳輸途徑而已，這與題干的問題沒有干系；C項(xiàng)“傳輸復(fù)雜的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像”，倒數(shù)第二段第二句提到BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.（帶寬是在世界各地傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像的限制因素，CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一），這里只是提到了帶寬限制了傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像，沒有提到傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的基礎(chǔ)，所以不選。故該題選D。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast這句話的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.（肯塔基大學(xué)的一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)證明，通過使用現(xiàn)成的PDA（個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備），如掌上電腦和移動電話，通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的。由于急救箱里有這樣的設(shè)備，家里是否有醫(yī)生的要求可能已經(jīng)成為過去。），由此可知，隨著遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)藥的應(yīng)用，醫(yī)生和病人不需要在同一個(gè)地方才能進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)救治，因此要求醫(yī)生在現(xiàn)場已經(jīng)成為了過去式；我們這里的cry表示“需求，要求”。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們可能不會問家里有沒有醫(yī)生”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“病人常常哭著問家里有沒有醫(yī)生”和C項(xiàng)“在過去，人們經(jīng)?？拗鴨柤依镉袥]有醫(yī)生”中，cry理解錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“病人現(xiàn)在還在問房子里是否有醫(yī)生”，原文已經(jīng)提到要求醫(yī)生在場是過去式了，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選A。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下面所有的陳述都是正確的，除了……”。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在通過電話傳送病人的生命體征是可行的”，文中第二段第三句提到itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone（通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的），因此A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“洪水不在文中提到的災(zāi)難之列”，第四段第三句提到Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.（通信衛(wèi)星可能能夠應(yīng)付諸如地震、戰(zhàn)爭或饑荒等災(zāi)害期間的短期需求），由此可知，文中只是提及了震后，戰(zhàn)爭和災(zāi)荒的應(yīng)急，確實(shí)沒有發(fā)洪水，因此B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的趨勢是提供醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)的全球訪問”，第三段最后一句提到Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.（總的來說，趨勢是向全球提供醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)和專業(yè)知識），由此可知C項(xiàng)也正確。D項(xiàng)“許多醫(yī)療小組正在使用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療作為災(zāi)害應(yīng)對的一種工具”，根據(jù)第三段第二句Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.（至少有一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)希望將遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療作為一種災(zāi)難應(yīng)對工具——尤其是在地震之后）可知，文中只是說有醫(yī)學(xué)小組在嘗試這一舉動，而非成熟到可以被應(yīng)用，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選D。

49.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“第四段中的‘problem’指的是一個(gè)……事實(shí)”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段前兩句Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.（但有一個(gè)問題。帶寬是在世界各地傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像的限制因素，CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一），由此可知這個(gè)問題指的是帶寬限制了傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像；所以C項(xiàng)“帶寬不足以在全世界傳輸復(fù)雜的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的移動電話來分發(fā)醫(yī)療情報(bào)”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一”，這只是帶寬的限制性因素之一，不夠全面，所以B項(xiàng)不選；D項(xiàng)“通信衛(wèi)星只能應(yīng)付災(zāi)害期間的短期需求”，這只是講述現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況，而不是問題，所以該項(xiàng)不選。故該題選C。

50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題會是……”。全文講述的主要是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療將取代過去醫(yī)生和病人必須同時(shí)在場的方式成為新的保健醫(yī)療的方式，并介紹了遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的具體應(yīng)用和前景；因此C項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的應(yīng)用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“改善通信”，這只是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療應(yīng)用的一部分；所以不選；B項(xiàng)“在線醫(yī)生”，文章不是討論在線醫(yī)生，所以不選；D項(xiàng)“如何遠(yuǎn)程診斷”，這也只是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療應(yīng)用的一部分，比較片面，故不選。因此，該題選C。

6.單選題

Signsystemsingeneralare______:iconicorconventional.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.twotypes

B.oftwotypes

C.thetwotypes

D.ofthetwotypes

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法?！癰eof+名詞”可用來說明句子主語在度量，大小，顏色，類別等方面的特征，這類名詞有age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind等，排除A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)多了定冠詞the,因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：符號系統(tǒng)一般有兩種類型：標(biāo)志性的或傳統(tǒng)的。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoaninternationalissue

D.ahistoricalanalysisofaproblemthatrequiresinternationalattention

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，直到20世紀(jì)中葉，國際水域的管轄權(quán)爭議很少，因?yàn)椤?。由第二段第四句And，sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.（因?yàn)樵趲缀鯖]有任何行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被用到‘公?！希試议g幾乎沒有管轄權(quán)的沖突）可知，國際水域的管轄權(quán)爭議很少，是因?yàn)閹缀鯖]有任何行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被用到‘公?！?，這里的“openseas”就相當(dāng)于題干中的“internationalwaters”，因此A項(xiàng)“幾乎沒有控制或限制使用到海洋領(lǐng)域”正確。B項(xiàng)“海洋領(lǐng)域僅用于沒有惡意的行為”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“海洋自由化的條例解決了所有有關(guān)航海及捕魚的紛爭”文中沒有提到，且C項(xiàng)太絕對；D項(xiàng)“各國平等地享有公海使用權(quán)”，這不是管轄權(quán)爭議少的原因。故該題選A。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)20世紀(jì)中葉以前適用的國際法理論，如果某一國家領(lǐng)水內(nèi)的商業(yè)活動威脅到該水域內(nèi)的所有海洋生物，那么該國應(yīng)……”。根據(jù)第一段第三句withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities（在這一范圍內(nèi)它有權(quán)但沒有責(zé)任管理所有活動）和第二段第三句Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.（除了對其本國公民的控制外，沒有任何國家有責(zé)任控制國際水域內(nèi)的這種活動，更不用說單方面的權(quán)力了）可推斷，如果某一國家領(lǐng)水內(nèi)的商業(yè)活動威脅到該水域內(nèi)的所有海洋生物，該國可以根據(jù)自身情況自行解決，因此可知D項(xiàng)“被允許自行決定解決這個(gè)問題，只要它能夠遏制對自己領(lǐng)海的威脅”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“因未能適當(dāng)管理海洋活動而受到國際組織的正式譴責(zé)”和B項(xiàng)“被其他國家呼吁建立保護(hù)其領(lǐng)海的規(guī)則”在文中沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“能夠但無須對此類商業(yè)活動做出法律限制”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.（由于這一領(lǐng)土范圍非常有限，大多數(shù)國家沒有建立管理或保護(hù)其領(lǐng)海的規(guī)則）可推斷，大多數(shù)國家對領(lǐng)海保護(hù)方面沒有建立相應(yīng)的法律規(guī)定，因此C項(xiàng)不對。故該題選D。

63.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為，在二十世紀(jì)中葉以前，大多數(shù)國家在領(lǐng)海和國際水域方面的行動表明了……”。由第三段第二句Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.（總的來說，海洋污染不被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)重大問題，部分原因是沿?；顒訉Ｑ笊鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)的不利影響沒有得到廣泛認(rèn)識，而人類活動造成的污染一般被認(rèn)為僅限于航海造成的污染）可推斷，大多數(shù)國家對領(lǐng)海和國際水域的生態(tài)管理不重視，因此A項(xiàng)“無論是領(lǐng)海還是國際水域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理都沒有得到足夠的重視”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“國際水域的無限資源導(dǎo)致對領(lǐng)海的興趣不大”和D項(xiàng)“雖然這些國家可以把領(lǐng)土延伸到海岸線三英里以外，但大多數(shù)國家選擇不這么做”文中沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“各國認(rèn)為他們有責(zé)任保護(hù)領(lǐng)海，而不是國際水域”，文章只在第一段提到各國有權(quán)但沒責(zé)任管理領(lǐng)海的活動，所以各國沒有責(zé)任保護(hù)領(lǐng)海，C項(xiàng)不正確，故該題選A。

64.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“作者引用下列哪一項(xiàng)作為領(lǐng)海延伸超過三英里界限的影響?”。由第四段第三句中extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems（將領(lǐng)土權(quán)力擴(kuò)展到一個(gè)國家海岸外200英里的地方，為各國單獨(dú)管理更大的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供了機(jī)會）可知，C項(xiàng)“這是一些國家管理大型海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)會”正確。A項(xiàng)“對個(gè)別國家施加更大的政治壓力，要求它們制定管理海洋資源的全面法律”，B項(xiàng)“各國之間在公海漁業(yè)管理方面有更多的管轄權(quán)爭端”和D項(xiàng)“這是小國家解決沿海污染問題的政治動機(jī)”在文中都未提及，故該題選C。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“總的來說這篇文章作為……來描述最好”。A項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致當(dāng)今危機(jī)的一系列事件的年表”，B項(xiàng)“對現(xiàn)行法律濫用和改革可能性的法律調(diào)查”，C項(xiàng)“對國家關(guān)注國際問題所固有問題的政治分析”，D項(xiàng)“對一個(gè)需要國際關(guān)注的問題的歷史分析”。文章的主要內(nèi)容是對海洋污染和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)遭到破壞的歷史原因和現(xiàn)狀的分析，指出國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和政策才能更廣泛地管制影響海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的人類活動，因此根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，該題D項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Causeandeffectrelationshipsareoftenexpressedwithoutanyovertmarkers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.masked

B.evident

C.circular

D.inoperable

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。overt表示“明顯的，外顯的”；A項(xiàng)masked“戴面具的，潛伏的”，B項(xiàng)evident“明顯的，明白的”，C項(xiàng)circular“循環(huán)的，圓形的”，D項(xiàng)inoperable“不實(shí)用的”。句意：因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)往往沒有任何明顯的標(biāo)記。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Inordertoexplainthesocioeconomicachievement,inthefaceofdisadvantagesduetoracialdiscriminationofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantstotheUnitedStatesandtheirdescendants,sociologistshavetypicallyappliedeitherculturallybasedorstructurallybasedtheories—butneverbothtogether.Touseaneconomicmetaphor,culturallybasedexplanationsasserttheimportanceofthesupplysideofthelabormarket,emphasizingthequalitiesimmigrantgroupsbringwiththemforcompetitionintheUnitedStateslabormarket.Suchexplanationsreflectahuman-capitalperspectiveinwhichstatusattainmentisseenasaresultofindividuals’abilitytogenerateresources.Structurallybasedexplanations,ontheotherhand,examinethemarketconditionoftheimmigrants’hostsociety,particularlyitsdiscriminatorypracticesandtheirimpactonthestatusattainmentprocessofimmigrantgroups.Intheeconomicmetaphor,structuralexplanationsasserttheimportanceofthedemandsideofthelabormarket.

InordertounderstandthesocioeconomicmobilityofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants,onlyananalysisofsupply-sideanddemand-sidefactorstogether,inthecontextofhistoricalevents,willsuffice.Ontheculturalorsupplyside,differencesinimmigrationpatternandfamilyformationresultedindifferentratesofsocioeconomicachievementforChineseandJapaneseimmigrants.Forvariousreasons,Chineseimmigrantsremainedsojournersanddidnot(exceptforurbanmerchants)establishfamilies.Theywerealsohamperedbyethnicconflictinthelabormarket.Japaneseimmigrants,ontheotherhand,werelessconstrained,madethetransitionfromsojournertosettlerwithinthefirsttwodecadesofimmigration,andleftlow-wagelabortoestablishsmallbusinessesbasedonahouseholdmodeofproduction.Chinesesojournerswithoutfamiliesweremorevulnerabletodemoralization,whereasJapaneseimmigrantsfacedsocietalhostilitywiththeemotionalresourcesprovidedbyastablefamilylife.OnceChineseimmigrantsbegantoestablishnuclearfamiliesandproduceasecondgeneration,institutinghouseholdproductionsimilartothatestablishedbyJapaneseimmigrants,theirsocioeconomicattainmentsoonparalleledthatofJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants.

Onthestructuralordemandside,changesininstitutionalconstraints,immigrationlaws,labormarkets,andsocietalhostilitywererootedinthedynamicsofcapitalisteconomicdevelopment.Earlycapitalist