2022年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號38

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Iamafraidthatyouhavetoalteryour（

）viewsinlightofthetragicnewsthathasjustarrived.

問題1選項

A.distressing

B.optimistic

C.indifferent

D.pessimistic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。distressing意為“使人痛苦的，令人苦惱的”；optimistic意為“樂觀的，樂觀主義的”；indifferent意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；pessimistic意為“悲觀的，厭世的”。

句意：鑒于剛剛傳來的悲慘消息，我恐怕你要你改變你樂觀的想法了。

2.單選題

About50yearsagotheideaofdisabledpeopledoingsportswasneverheardof.ButwhentheannualgamesforthedisabledwerestartedatStrokeMandeville,Englandin1948bySirLudwigGuttmann,thesituationbegantochange.SirLudwigGuttmann,whohadbeendriventoEnglandin1939fromNaziGermany,hadbeenaskedbytheBritishgovernmenttosetupaninjuriescenteratStrokeMandevilleHospitalnearLondon.Hisideasabouttreatinginjuriesincludedsportsforthedisabled.

Inthefirstgamesjusttwoteamsofinjuredsoldierstookpart.Thenextyear,1949,fiveteamstookpart.Fromthosebeginningsthingsdevelopedfast.TeamsnowcomefromabroadtoStrokeMandevilleeveryyear.In1960thefirstOlympicsfortheDisabledwereheldinRome.Now,everyfouryears,theOlympicGamesfortheDisabledareheld,ifpossible,inthesameplaceasthenormalOlympicGames,althoughtheyareorganizedseparately.InotheryearsGamesfortheDisabledarestillheldatStrokeMandeville.Inthe1984wheelchairOlympicGames,1604wheelchairathletesfromabout40countriestookpart.Unfortunately,theywereheldatStrokeMandevilleandnotinLosAngles,alongwiththeotherOlympics.

TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding,andinprovingthatbeingdisableddoesnotmeanyoucan'tenjoysports.Onesmallsourceofdisappointmentforthosewhoorganizeandtakepartinthegames,however,hasbeentheunwillingnessoftheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoincludethedisabledeventsattheOlympicGamesfortheable-bodied.Perhapsafewmoreyearsarestillneededtoconvincethosefortunateenoughnottobedisabledthattheirdisabledfellowathletesshouldnotbeexcluded.

1.Thefirstgamesforthedisabledwereheld（

）afterSirLudwigGuttmannarrivedinEngland.

2.BesidesStrokeMandeville,surelythegameforthedisabledwasonceheldin（

）.

3.InParagraph2theword"athlete"means

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

5.Fromthepassagewemayconcludethatwriteris（

）.

問題1選項

A.50years

B.21years

C.9years

D.4years

問題2選項

A.NewYork

B.London

C.Rome

D.LosAngeles

問題3選項

A.peoplewhosupportthegame

B.Peoplewhowatchthegame

C.peoplewhoorganizedthegame

D.peoplewhocompeteinthegame

問題4選項

A.SirLudwigGuttmannisanearlyorganizerofthegamesforthedisabled.

B.SirLudwigGuttmannisaninjuredsoldier.

C.SirLudwigGuttmannisfromGermany.

D.SirLudwigGuttmanniswelcomedbytheBritish.

問題5選項

A.oneoftheorganizersofthegamesforthedisabled

B.adisabledwhooncetookpartinthegames

C.againstholdingthegamesforthedisabled

D.inthefavorofholdingthegameforthedisabled

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的ButwhentheannualgamesforthedisabledwerestartedatStrokeMandeville,Englandin1948bySirLudwigGuttmann,thesituationbegantochange.SirLudwigGuttmann,whohadbeendriventoEnglandin1939fromNaziGermany可知第一次舉辦殘疾人運動會是在1948年，SirLudwigGuttmann是在1939年從納粹德國被驅(qū)趕到英國，因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的In1960thefirstOlympicsfortheDisabledwereheldinRome.（1960年，第一屆殘疾人奧運會在羅馬舉行）可知選C。

3.詞義題。由文章第二段中的Inthe1984wheelchairOlympicGames,1604wheelchairathletesfromabout40countriestookpart.（在1984年輪椅奧運會上，來自大約40個國家的1604名輪椅……參加了比賽）可知“athlete”是指參加比賽的人，A選項“支持者”，B選項“觀看者”，C選項“組織者”，D選項“競爭者”，因此選D。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的SirLudwigGuttmann,whohadbeendriventoEnglandin1939fromNaziGermany,hadbeenaskedbytheBritishgovernmenttosetupaninjuriescenteratStrokeMandevilleHospitalnearLondon.Hisideasabouttreatinginjuriesincludedsportsforthedisabled.（1939年從納粹德國被驅(qū)趕到英國的SirLudwigGuttmann，被英國政府要求在倫敦附近的MandevilleHospital設(shè)立一個受傷中心。他對治療受傷的想法包括殘疾人運動）可知A、C、D選項正確，B選項“SirLudwigGuttmann是一名受傷的士兵”并沒有在文中提及，因此選B。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding,andinprovingthatbeingdisableddoesnotmeanyoucan'tenjoysports...Perhapsafewmoreyearsarestillneededtoconvincethosefortunateenoughnottobedisabledthattheirdisabledfellowathletesshouldnotbeexcluded.（奧運會在增進國際友誼和理解方面取得了巨大的成功，也證明了殘疾并不意味著你不能享受體育運動……也許還需要再過幾年，才能說服那些幸運到?jīng)]有殘疾的人，他們的殘疾運動員不應(yīng)該被排除在奧運會外）可知作者是支持殘疾人運動會的，因此D選項“支持為殘疾人舉辦比賽”符合題意。

3.單選題

Neitherofthesereasons（

）ourallowinghimtopassafterhedidsopoorlyinthephysicsexamination.

問題1選項

A.rectifies

B.notifies

C.signifies

D.justifies

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。rectify意為“改正，校正”；notify意為“通報，通知”；signify意為“說明，預示，表達”；justify意為“證明……正確(或正當、有理)，為……辯護”。

句意：他在物理考試中表現(xiàn)這么差之后，這兩個原因都不是我們允許他通過的理由。

4.單選題

“Itisimpossiblethatoldprejudicesandhostilitiesshouldlongerexist,whilesuchaninstrumenthasbeencreatedfartheexchangeofthoughtbetweenallthenationsoftheearth,”acclaimedVictorianenthusiaststhearrivalin1858ofthefirsttransatlantictelegraphcable.Peoplesaythatsortofthingsaboutnewtechnologies,eventoday.Biotechnologyissaidtobethecureforworldhunger.Thesequencingofthehumangenomewillsupposedlyuprootcancerandotherdiseases.Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.Awholeindustryofcybergurushasenthralledaudiences(andmadeafineliving)withclaimsthattheInternetwillpreventwars,reducepollution,andcombatvariousformsofinequalityHowever,althoughtheInternetisstillyoungenoughtoinspireidealism,ithasalsobeenaroundlongenoughtotestwhethertheprophetscanberight.

GrandestofalltheclaimsarethosemadebysomeoftheexpertsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyabouttheInternet’spotentialasaforceforpeace.NicholasNegroponte,hasdeclaredthat,thankstotheInternet,thechildrenofthefuture“arenotgoingtoknowwhatnationalismis”.Hiscolleague,MichaelDertouzos,haswrittenthatdigitalcommunicationswillbring“computer-aidedpeace”which“mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups”.Theideaisthatimprovedcommunicationswillreducemisunderstandingsandtransferconflict.

Thisisnotnew,anymorethanweretheclaimsforthepeace-makingpossibilitiesofothernewtechnologies.Intheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,airplaneswereexpectedtoendwars,bypromotinginternationalcommunicationand(lesscredibly)bymakingarmiesout-of-date,sincetheywouldbeweaktoattackfromtheair.AftertheFirstWorldWarhaddispelledsuchnotions,itwastheturnofradio.“Nationshallspeakpeaceuntonation”ranthefinemottoofBritain’sBBCWorldService.Sadly,RadioofRwandadisprovedtheideathatradiowasanintrinsicallypeaceforceonceandforall.

Themistakepeoplemakeistoassumethatwarsarecausedsimplybythefailureofdifferentpeoplestounderstandeachotheradequately.Indeed,evenifthatweretrue,theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict.Hatespeechandintolerancedevelopinitsdarkcomers,wheregovernmentfindsithardtointervene.AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.

1.Nowadays,the1858acclaimbyenthusiastsarestillusedtodescribe（

）.

2.Thephrase"staveoff"(underlinedinparagraph2)probablymeans

（

）.

3.PeoplewillnotbelievetheInternetcanputanendtowarifthey（

）.

問題1選項

A.themeritsofbiotechnology

B.thesignificanceofnewtechnology

C.theprospectoftheInternet

D.thesequencingofhumangenome

問題2選項

A.getridof

B.advocatefor

C.makeuseof

D.scrapethrough

問題3選項

A.cancontrolhatespeechandintoleranceontheInternet

B.donottakemisunderstandingasthereasonforwar

C.efficientlyfostertheInternetasameansofcommunication

D.knowthenatureoftheInternetistoadvocatewar

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.（然而，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來了最狂野的樂觀。）可知C選項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的前景”符合題意。

2.詞義題。由文章第二段中的digitalcommunicationswillbring"computer-aidedpeace"which"mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups"（數(shù)字通信將帶來“計算機輔助和平”，這“有助于……未來民族仇恨的爆發(fā)和民族分裂的爆發(fā)”）可知“staveoff”為動詞詞組，which引導后面的定語從句，修飾先行詞computer-aidedpeace，根據(jù)“和平”的含義，可推測此處指減少或避免民族仇恨和分裂的爆發(fā)，因此選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict...AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也可以用來鼓吹沖突……盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)無可否認地促進了交流，但它不會結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭）可知D選項“認識互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的本質(zhì)就是倡導戰(zhàn)爭”符合題意。

5.單選題

Youcannotexpectpeopletoworkhardunlessyougivethemsomekindof（

）.

問題1選項

A.fascination

B.incentive

C.provocation

D.temptation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。fascination意為“魅力，著迷”；incentive意為“激勵，刺激，鼓勵”；provocation意為“挑釁，挑撥”；temptation意為“誘惑，引誘”。

句意：你不能指望人們努力工作，除非你給他們一些激勵。

6.單選題

Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

問題1選項

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。prick意為“刺，扎，戳”；poke意為“戳，捅”；probe意為“追問，探究”；peer意為“凝視”。

句意：一個好的科學家會探究一個問題的所有方面去找到解決方案。

7.單選題

Thiscountrycouldhaveasmanyas10millioncasesofAIDSin2011ifthe（

）isnottakenseriously.

問題1選項

A.equivalent

B.epidemic

C.eruption

D.episode

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。equivalent意為“相等的東西，等量”；epidemic意為“流行病”；eruption意為“噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)”；episode意為“插曲”。

句意：如果不認真對待該國的疫情，到2011年，該國可能會有多達1000萬的艾滋病人。

8.單選題

Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas（

）regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.

問題1選項

A.barren

B.void

C.virgin

D.wretched

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。barren意為“貧瘠的，荒涼的，不毛的”；void意為“無效的，空的”；virgin意為“未開發(fā)的，原始狀態(tài)的”；wretched意為“不幸的，悲慘的”。

句意：許多人認為沙漠是不毛之地，但許多動植物已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了那里的生活。

9.單選題

1.Lovehastoppledkings,inspiredpoets,sparkedwars,soothedbeasts,andchangedthecourseofhistory.Itiscreditedforlife'sgreatestjoys,blamedforthemostcrushingsorrows.Andofcourse,it"makestheworldgoaround."

2.Allofwhichisnosurprisetobiologists.Theyknowthatloveiscentraltohumanexistence.Wearenotjustprogrammedforreproduction.Thecapacityforlovingemotionsisalsowrittenintoourbiochemistry,essentialifchildrenaretogrowandtothrive.Andlove'sabsencecanbedevastating.Thelossofaspouseoftenhastensdeathinolderpeople.

3.Lovebeganwithmotherhood.Formammalianyoungtosurvive,mothersmustinvestconsiderabletimeandenergyinthem.Ofcourse,thevaryinggrowthratesofmammalianspeciesrequiresomemotherstoinvestmoretimeandenergythanothers.Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.

4.Withthehelpofoxytocin(achemicalthatfostersthebondbetweenmothersandchildren),dotingmothersareabletocatertotheiroffspring'severywhimandwhimper.Whenfemalesofmostmammalianspeciesgivebirth,theirbodiesarefloodedwithoxytocin,knownsince1906asahormonethatstimulatesuterinecontractionsandallowthebreaststo"letdown"milk.Butoxytocinalsoactsasaneurotransmitter,orchemicalmessenger,thatcanguidebehavior.Withoutit,aewecannotrecognizeherownlamb.Avirginfemaleratgivenashotofoxytocinwillnuzzleanotherfemale'spups,crouchingoverthemprotectivelyasiftheywereherown.

5.Studiesofasmallrodentknownastheprairievole,acuddlyballoffur,whosematingbondoflifelongmonogamywouldputmosthumancouplestoshame,indicateoxytocinmayalsoplayaroleintheheadyfeelingsassociatedwithromance."Youjustcan'timaginehowmuchtimetheseanimalsspendtogether.Prairievolesalwayswanttobewithsomebody,"saysCarter.Thevoles'undyingdevotionistheworknotonlyofoxytocinbutalsoofarelatedhormone,vasopressin.Whensinglemaleandfemaleprairievolesmeet;theycommenceatwo-day-longboutofsexthatreleasesoxytocininthefemale'sbrain,bondinghertothemale,whoprefershismate'scompanyaboveallothers,guardinghisfamilyagainstintruderswithajealoushusband'szeal.

6.Likesomehumanplayboys,maleprairievolesseemtogetakickoutofcourtshipmixedwithdanger.CarterandcolleagueCourtneyDeVriesmadeyoung,unmatedvolesswimforthreeminutesbeforeallowingthemtomeetaprospectivemate.Theexerciseelevatedtheanimals'stresshormones,whicharealsoheightenedbyfear.Butwhilefemalesscurriedoffaftertheswimwithoutbondingtothemalesastheynormallywould,malevolesbondedfasterthanever.

7.Humanbeings—unlikerodents—arenotentirelyslavestotheirhormones.Butthebehaviorofvolesmayholdcluestowhymenandwomensometimesholddivergentviewsofsexandromance.Whilemanywomenprefercandlelightandsweettalk,menaremoreapttowelcomearollinthehayanytime,anywhere.Forsomemen(andsomewomen),sexisespeciallyenticingwhenforbidden.CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.

8.Passionateorplatonic,loveaffectsthewholebody,settingtheheartpounding,makingthestomachdoflip-flops,andofcourse,lightingthelionsonfire.Thesevisceralsensationsaretheworkofthevagusnerve,whichtracesameanderingpaththroughthebody,coordinatingtheactivitiesofinternalorgans,saystheUniversityofMaryland'sStephenPorges.Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.

9.Withoutthevagus,saysPorges,lovewouldbeimpossible.Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.This"old"vagusrespondstooxytocinandservesasthepathwaybetweensexualorgansandthebrainforfeelingsofbotharousalandsatiationaftersex.ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.

10.Inotherwords,thepoetsandbardswerefightaboutonething.Theheartspeaksthelanguageoflove.AsEnglishpoetW.H.Audenwrote:"Whereloveisstrengthened,hoperestored,inheartsbychemicalaccord.Itmaynotliterallyskipabeatatthesightofone'sdesireorbreakwithsorrow,buttheheart'srhythmsareexquisitelytunedtolove."

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrompassageaboutelephantseals?

2.Thedifferentloveritualsemployedbymenandwomencouldbeattributedtothepresenceofwhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethebestanalogytothevagusnervedescribedinParagraph8?

4.Animalsequippedonlywith"old"vaguscanNOTdowhichofthefollowing?

5.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Thefemalesareirresponsiblemothers.

B.Theiryoungtakelesstimetogrowupthanyoungelephants.

C.Theyhaveashorterlifespanthanelephants.

D.Theyreproducemorerapidlythanelephant.

問題2選項

A.Oxytocin.

B.Vasopressin.

C.Interactionofoxytocinandvasepressin.

D.Stresshormones.

問題3選項

A.Ahighwaybetweentwocites.

B.Airrouteslinkingmajorcitiesaroundtheworld.

C.TheWorldWideWeb.

D.CircuitslinkingtheCPUandtheaccessoriesinthecomputer.

問題4選項

A.Feelhungry.

B.Experiencefear.

C.Feelsexualarousal.

D.Faciallyexpressemotions.

問題5選項

A.indicatethatpoetsandbardsaremostcapableofexpressinglove

B.implythatloveisexpressedthroughtheheartratherthroughthefaceorthevoice

C.givesupporttothestatementthatnewerbranchesofvagusconnecttheemotionalbraincenterstotheheart,thefaceandthevocalequipment

D.drawaconclusionbasedonthefactsinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干中的elephantseals可定位到文章第三段中，由Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.（一只海象在拋棄它的幼仔之前只給它喂奶了幾個星期；其他物種，包括大象、一些靈長類動物，特別是人類，多年來一直在關(guān)注他們的幼仔）可知B選項“海象的幼仔比小象花更少的時間長大”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第七段中的CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.（Carter和DeVries懷疑壓力荷爾蒙會干擾大腦中的后葉催產(chǎn)素，阻止雌性田鼠與雄性結(jié)合，可能同樣導致大多數(shù)女性認為危險并不具有性吸引力。相反，后葉加壓素與壓力荷爾蒙則產(chǎn)生不同的效果，可能促使多數(shù)男性認為危險具有性吸引力）可知壓力荷爾蒙與不同的激素結(jié)合，在男性和女性身上會產(chǎn)生不同的效果，因此選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干：以下哪項可能是第8段所述迷走神經(jīng)的最佳類比？

由文章第八段中的Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.（迷走神經(jīng)在內(nèi)臟和大腦之間傳遞信號，將身體內(nèi)部狀態(tài)向上傳遞給大腦，再將大腦指令傳遞給心臟、胃、肺以及性器官）可知D選項“連接CPU和計算機附件的電路”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第九段中的Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.（迷走神經(jīng)的一部分從人類進化初期就出現(xiàn)，控制著性、饑餓和恐懼等原始功能）可知迷走神經(jīng)不包括面部表情，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段第一句Inotherwords（換句話說）可知本段是對上一段的內(nèi)容進行補充說明，由第九段最后一句ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.（但Porges認為，在哺乳動物中，迷走神經(jīng)的新分支也連接大腦情感中心與心臟、臉部、發(fā)聲器官、幫助協(xié)調(diào)感覺與面部和語言表達）可知C選項“支持一種說法，即迷走神經(jīng)的新分支將大腦情感中心與心臟、面部和發(fā)聲器官連接起來”符合題意。

10.問答題

Humanbeingsarepayingalotformedicineandarenotgettingallthat(A)theythinktheyare(B)paying(C)aguaranteeto(D)endlessbetterment.

【答案】試題答案：C;payingfor

【解析】考查固定搭配。payfor（為……而付出，因……而付出）中的pay為不及物動詞，for表示原因。

11.單選題

Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（

）andasksthemquestions.

問題1選項

A.atlength

B.atrandom

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。atlength意為“充分地”；atrandom意為“任意地，隨便地”；inessence意為“本質(zhì)上，大體上”；inbulk意為“大量，整批”。

句意：當心理學家要做一個關(guān)于人類思維的常規(guī)實驗時，他會隨機地選擇人并問他們問題。

12.單選題

Thosewhoareunder18arenot（

）tojointhisclub.

問題1選項

A.available

B.legitimate

C.capable

D.eligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。available意為“可獲得的”；legitimate意為“合法的，合理的”；capable意為“有能力的”；eligible意為“合適的”。

句意：18歲以下的人加入這個俱樂部是違法的。

13.單選題

Heusually（

）hisemotionsandappearscalm.

問題1選項

A.holdsup

B.holdsback

C.holdson

D.holdstight

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。holdup意為“舉起”；holdback意為“退縮，忍住，抑制住”；holdon意為“等一下，堅持不懈，握住”；holdtight意為“抓緊，抓牢，暫不行動”。

句意：他通常會控制自己的情緒，表現(xiàn)得很平靜。

14.問答題

We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.

【答案】試題答案：B;with

【解析】考查獨立主格。with表示伴隨狀況，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。

15.單選題

Peter'sbodytemperaturehasbeen（

）foraweek,thehighestpointreaching39.5degreecentigrade.

問題1選項

A.abnormal

B.disordered

C.uncommon

D.extraordinary

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。abnormal意為“反常的，異常的”；disordered意為“混亂的”；uncommon意為“不常有的，罕見的”；extraordinary意為“非凡的”。

句意：彼得的體溫不正常已經(jīng)持續(xù)一周了，最高溫度達到39.5度。

16.單選題

Themanagingdirectortookthe（

）fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

問題1選項

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。guilt意為“有罪，犯罪行為”；charge意為“收費，指控”；blame意為“(壞事或錯事的)責任，責備”，taketheblamefor意為“承擔……的責任”；accusation意為“指責，譴責”。

句意：總經(jīng)理承擔了事故的責任，盡管并不真的是他的錯。

17.單選題

Sincethetwopartiescouldn't（

）theirdifferences,theydecidedtostoptheirnegotiations.

問題1選項

A.rectify

B.reconcile

C.oblige

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。rectify意為“改正，校正”；reconcile意為“使和好，使和解，妥協(xié)”；oblige意為“強制，強迫”；obscure意為“費解的，難以理解的”。

句意：因為兩黨不能就分歧達成一致，他們決定停止談判。

18.單選題

Themanager,（

）alettertohissecretary.

問題1選項

A.pledged

B.conveyed

C.surveyed

D.dictated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。pledge意為“保證，誓言”；convey意為“傳達，傳遞”；survey意為“調(diào)查”；dictate意為“口述”。

句意：經(jīng)理向秘書口授一封信。

19.單選題

Severalunpopulardecision（

）thegovernor’spopularity.

問題1選項

A.decayed

B.diminished

C.distorted

D.dissolved

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。decay意為“（使）腐爛，腐朽”；diminish意為“（使）減少，縮小，下降”；distort意為“歪曲，扭曲”；dissolve意為“使溶解”。

句意：幾項不得人心的決定使州長的聲望下降。

20.單選題

Hewatchedamazedateightsquirrelsthatwalked（

）downthebank,andmadeforalargepinetreeatthebottom.

問題1選項

A.inprofile

B.inarow

C.insinglefile

D.allalongtheline

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inprofile意為“從側(cè)面看”；inarow意為“一連，成一行，接連”；insinglefile意為“成縱隊，成單列”；allalongtheline意為“到處，在全線上”。

句意：他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著八只松鼠沿著河邊成單列向河端的一棵大松樹走去。

21.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrail,thenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantageasmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunityinpre-industrialtimes,whilenowitbecomescustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Alsoasemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.ThetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowreexamineourthinkingaboutthefutureofworkand

（

）.

3.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

（

）.

4.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentbecameoverwhelminginthat

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures

C.availableemploymentmustbemostwidelydistributedamongtheunemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

問題2選項

A.bepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork

B.createmorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity

C.setupsmallerprivateenterprisessothatweinturncanemployothers

D.bepreparedtofillintimeathomebytakinguphobbiesandleisureactivities

問題3選項

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’sgrasp

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereserved

問題4選項

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

問題5選項

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility

B.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time

C.peopleshouldstarttosupportthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill

D.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat...highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.（民意測驗現(xiàn)在開始顯示出一種不情愿的共識……即高失業(yè)率很可能會持續(xù)下去。這意味著我們必須設(shè)法更廣泛地分享現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)機會）從民意調(diào)查結(jié)果可知現(xiàn)在失業(yè)率很高，現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)只能滿足一小部分人口，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的四個問句（我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)把就業(yè)視為標準？難道我們不應(yīng)該鼓勵許多其他方式來尊重別人的工作嗎？我們是否應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造條件，讓很多人可以為自己工作，而不是為雇主工作？難道我們的目標不應(yīng)該是重振家庭和社區(qū)，以及工廠和辦公室，作為生產(chǎn)和工作的中心嗎？）可知我們應(yīng)該改變以前的工作觀念，被雇傭并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改變觀念的具體例子，并不能概括其中心觀點，因此選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork（它可以為將來的工作提供更好的前景）可知與A選項“普遍就業(yè)實際上保證了繁榮”說法不符，工業(yè)時代只是提供一個好的工作機會，并不能保證繁榮；由Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom（如歷史所示，普遍就業(yè)并不意味著經(jīng)濟自由）可知B選項“經(jīng)濟自由在每個人的掌握之中”說法不正確；由someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed（一些工作模式上的變化可能會被保留）可知與D選項“人們對工作的態(tài)度必須保留”不符，通過排除法，因此選C。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的astransportimproved...eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived（隨著交通的改善……最終，許多人的工作失去了與他們的家庭生活和他們居住的地方的所有聯(lián)系）可知人們可以到離家很遠的地方工作，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段的內(nèi)容為：這一切現(xiàn)在可能必須改變?，F(xiàn)在是時候把為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的烏托邦式目標的努力和資源，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閹椭芏鄾]有全職工作的人進行管理的緊迫的實際任務(wù)上來。烏托邦表示某些好的，但是無法實現(xiàn)的（或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的）建議、愿望、計劃等，由此可知A選項“為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會是不可能的”符合題意。

22.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

DuringthepastfourdecadesthefisheryscientistsoftheWesthavestudiedthedynamicsoffishpopulationswiththeobjectiveofdeterminingtherelationbetweentheamountoffishingandthesustainablecatch.

Clearly,sciencemayinvolvenotonlycarefulobservation