2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號32

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepersandbecauseofthiscanclaimhumanity'slongestcontinuous（

）ofnaturalevents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的defiance“挑戰(zhàn)，挑釁，蔑視”；B選項(xiàng)的documentation“文件”；C選項(xiàng)的maintenance“維持，維修，保養(yǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)的domination“支配，統(tǒng)治”。根據(jù)句意‘中國人繼古埃及人之后旋即展開了有系統(tǒng)的天文與氣候觀察，可謂是勤勉不輟的文獻(xiàn)記錄者，基于這一原因，中國人可聲稱擁有人類歷史上對自然事件最漫長悠久、持之以恒的文獻(xiàn)記載’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Ahumanbeingisquite（

）creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsand（

）isthinandofteneasilybreached.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afrail...insecurity

B.avaliant...phobias

C.anambitious...morality

D.aludicrous...laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的frail‘脆弱的，身體虛弱的”；insecurity“不安全，無保障”；B選項(xiàng)的valiant“勇敢的”；phobia“恐懼，厭惡”；C選項(xiàng)的ambitious“有野心的，有強(qiáng)烈欲望的，有抱負(fù)的”;morality“道德，品行”;D選項(xiàng)的ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”;laughter“笑，笑聲”。根據(jù)句意‘人類是一種極為脆弱的生物體，因?yàn)檠谏w著其恐懼心和不安全感的那層理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

WhiletheUnitedStateswageditswarondrugs,includingtheimpositionofseverepenaltiesonpeopleconvictedofpossessionofcannabis(marijuanaandhashish),theNetherlandsimplementedapartialdecriminalizationofthepersonaluseofthesesamedrugs.

Beginninginthemid-1970s，Dutchdrugpolicieswerereformedinanattempttolimitthenegativeandstigmatizingeffectsofdruguseonindividualusers.TheDutchdidthisbymakingaclearseparationbetween“hard”drugs—heroin,cocaine,LSD,andamphetamines—and“soft”drugs—marijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Theygavetoplawenforcementprioritytocontrollingtheproduction,importation,andtraffickingofharddrugsandessentiallyignoredthesaleoruseofsmallamountsofcannabis(25gramsorless).Dutchofficialsbelievedthatdecriminalizingcannabis—therebyseparatingthesoftdrugmarketfromthemarketforharderdrugs―wouldreducethelikelihoodthatmarijuanauserswouldcomeintocontactwithheroinandcocaineusers.Thus,youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.

TheDutchdrugpolicieswerealsoaimedatnormalizingthedrugproblem.Thatis,theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand“user-friendly”treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasures.

InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.

TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.However,itmaynotbewisetomakedirectcomparisonsbetweentheNetherlandsandtheUnitedStates.Dutchsocietyisveryhomogeneous;thatis,thereislittleracial,ethnic,class,religious,orsubculturaldiversity,andtheconventionalvaluesandnormsofDutchsocietyarewidelyshared.Americansociety,ontheotherhand,isveryheterogeneous,anditsextensivesubculturaldiversityleadstolessconsensusregardingnormsandvalues.ThemodelusedbytheDutchforregulatingmarijuanamaynotworkaseffectivelyintheUnitedStates.

1.Theword“decriminalization”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.Dutchofficialsthoughtthatcannabisusers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.TheauthorconsiderstheDutchdrugpolicies

（

）.

5.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reductionofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

B.ceasingtotreatsomethingaslegal

C.eliminationofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

D.applicationoflegalsanctionsagainstacrime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wereimproperlystigmatizedasdrugaddictsbyotherpeople

B.couldnotpossiblytrafficheroin,cocaineorotherdrugs

C.wouldnotbecomeaddictedtoiteveniftheytakelargeamounts

D.mightcontentthemselveswithitandstayawayfrommoreaddictivedrugs

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Decriminalizingcannabisusewouldbringmorerevenuetothegovernment.

B.CannabisuseintheNetherlandsisratherprevalent.

C.TheDutchgovernmentbelievedthatcannabiswasnotasharmfulasheroin.

D.TheDutchbelievedthatpunishmentwasn’tapracticalmeanstotacklethedrugproblem.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.successfulalthoughtherearesomenegativeeffects

B.toolenientintermsofpunishment

C.unreasonableconsideringtheDutchhomogeneoussociety

D.betterthanthoseimplementedintheUnitedStates

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisillegaltosellcannabisintheNetherlands

B.marijuanaisavailableinDutchsupermarkets

C.sellingcannabiswithoutofficialpermissionmaybepunished

D.largedosesofmarijuanaincoffeeshopsinAmsterdamarcavailable

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義推測題。本題是問“decriminalization”一詞在第一段的意思。從上下文可知，荷蘭政府區(qū)分了致癮藥品和不會成癮的藥品，并將不會成癮藥品的買賣合法化，所以可以推測“decriminalization”詞義為“合法化”，C選項(xiàng)‘取消對某事物的刑事處罰’。

2.推理判斷題。本題是問荷蘭的政府認(rèn)為大麻使用者如何。由第二段中的“Thus，youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.因此，被嘗試大麻的年輕人不太可能涉及更危險(xiǎn)的或者成癮的藥物。”，可知D選項(xiàng)‘可能會滿足于此，遠(yuǎn)離更容易上癮的毒品’正確。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段“theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand‘user-friendly’treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasure.荷蘭承認(rèn)，大麻的使用已經(jīng)在他們的社會中獲得了廣泛的立足點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為，通過教育和“人性化”的治療方案來減少與毒品使用有關(guān)的個(gè)人和社會危害遠(yuǎn)比依賴懲罰措施要現(xiàn)實(shí)得多”和最后一段“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.荷蘭的毒品法已經(jīng)實(shí)施了20多年，對荷蘭社會的任何負(fù)面影響似乎都不大。”得知，荷蘭政府運(yùn)用人性化的措施且該項(xiàng)法律的副作用是很小的，B選項(xiàng)‘荷蘭吸食大麻相當(dāng)普遍?！珻選項(xiàng)‘荷蘭政府認(rèn)為大麻的危害沒有海洛因那么大?！虳選項(xiàng)‘荷蘭人認(rèn)為懲罰并不是解決毒品問題的實(shí)際手段?！_；A選項(xiàng)‘大麻合法化將為政府帶來更多的收入?！臄⑹鲥e(cuò)誤，符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問作者認(rèn)為荷蘭毒品政策如何。由最后一段中的“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest荷蘭的藥物法己經(jīng)成功實(shí)施20多年，即便有反作用，但算是很輕微。”可知A選項(xiàng)‘成功，盡管有一些負(fù)面影響’正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.在荷蘭最大的城市阿姆斯特丹，大約有350家咖啡館，人們可以在這里購買和使用大麻、大麻和蘑菇。然而，咖啡店是受監(jiān)管的。其他違禁藥品不得銷售、使用，商店不得做廣告，不得向未滿16歲的未成年人出售大麻。違反規(guī)定可能會導(dǎo)致罰款和咖啡店的關(guān)閉?！笨芍商m對藥物銷售有明文規(guī)定，所以C選項(xiàng)‘未經(jīng)官方許可出售大麻可能會受到懲罰’正確。

4.翻譯題

SamsungissuedanapologytoChineseconsumersonWednesdayafterChina’sstate-runmediacriticizedtheKoreanelectronicsgiantforsellinghandsetswithallegedlyfaultymemorychips.

ThecompanyofferedtoprovidefreerepairsandextendedwarrantiesonsevenmodelsafterabroadcastontheinfluentialChinaCentralTelevisiononTuesdayreportedhowSamsunghandsets,includingtheGalaxySandGalaxyNoteseries,crashseveraltimesadayduetothememorychips.Thereportsaidtheissuecouldberesolvedwitha$100chipupgradethatwasnotcoveredundercurrentwarranties.

InastatementpostedtoSamsung’sChinaWebsite,theelectronicsgiantapologizedfortheinconvenience,whichitblamedon“managementproblems”.Italsopledgedtorepairaffecteddevices,refundsonpreviouslyrepaireddevices,andreplacementhandsetsinsomecases

SamsungisnotthefirsttechcomingtocomeunderCCTVscrutinyforitswarrantypractices.InApril,AppleCEOTimCookissuedanapologyoveritswarrantypoliciesinChinaandpromisedimprovedservices.TheinitialreportclaimedApplerepairedonlybrokenorotherwisefaultypartswithinitsproductsforcustomersinChina,versusprovidingnewreplacementsinothercountries.

Cook’sapologycameduringApple’scontinuingeffortstolandaniPhonedistributiondealwiththeworld’slargestmobilecarrier.SupportfromChinaMobile,whichhasabout745millioncustomers,wouldopenupavastnumberofnewcustomersforApple.

Meanwhile.SamsunghopesitsapologygoesalongwaytowardhelpingitmaintainitsleadpositioninChina’ssmartphonemarket.Thecompanysold30milliondevicesinthecountrylastyearfora17.7percentmarketshare,outpacingthe11percentsharecommandedbyNo.3Apple.

【答案】三星在周三向中國消費(fèi)者道歉，此前中國官方媒體批評這家作為韓國電子巨頭銷售據(jù)稱內(nèi)存芯片有問題的手機(jī)。

周二，在頗具影響力的中央電視臺播出的一則報(bào)道稱，包括GalaxyS和GalaxyNote系列在內(nèi)的三星手機(jī)，由于內(nèi)存芯片問題導(dǎo)致一天內(nèi)多次死機(jī)之后，三星提出為七款手機(jī)提供免費(fèi)維修服務(wù)并延長保修期。

三星并不是第一家因保修問題受到中央電視臺審查的科技公司。

之前的報(bào)告稱，蘋果只為中國客戶維修其產(chǎn)品中損壞的或其他有缺陷的部件，而在其他國家卻對其提供更換手機(jī)服務(wù)。

與此同時(shí)。三星希望其道歉能在很大程度上幫助其保持在中國智能手機(jī)市場的領(lǐng)先地位。

5.單選題

Beforesittingfortheentranceexaminationforpostgraduatestudents,manycandidatestrytofamiliarizethemselveswiththeformulaoftheexambydoing（

）tests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simulated

B.imitated

C.stimulated

D.illustrated

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)simulated“模擬的，模仿的，仿造的”，simulatedtest“模擬試題”；B選項(xiàng)imitated“模仿的，仿造的（強(qiáng)調(diào)對某物的仿造或?qū)δ橙说哪７拢?；stimulate“受刺激的”；D選項(xiàng)illustrated“有插畫的”。根據(jù)句意在參加研究所入學(xué)考試之前，很多應(yīng)試者已經(jīng)通過做很多模擬試題來使自己更熟悉考試了。A選項(xiàng)表示‘模擬試題’正確。

6.單選題

Onceaducklinghasidentifiedaparent,theinstinctivebondbecomesapowerful（

）foradditionallearningsince,by（

）theparent;theducklingcanacquirefurtherinformationthatisnotgeneticallytransmitted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impulse....surpassing

B.referent...recognizing

C.inspiration...emulating

D.channel...mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】名詞和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的impulse“推動(dòng)，沖動(dòng)，刺激”；surpass“優(yōu)于或超過某人、某物”；B選項(xiàng)的referent“指示物”；recognize“認(rèn)出，識別，承認(rèn)”；C選項(xiàng)的inspiration“靈感，鼓舞或激勵(lì)人的人或事物，好主意”；emulate“與…競爭，模仿，仿效”；D選項(xiàng)的channel“通道，頻道，海峽”；mimicking“模仿，仿效”根據(jù)句意‘一旦某只小鴨辨認(rèn)出其父母，這種帶有本能性質(zhì)的紐帶便變成一條極有用的進(jìn)行額外學(xué)習(xí)的渠道，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^模仿其父母，小鴨能進(jìn)一步獲取那些單靠基因遺傳所無法傳輸給它的信息’可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precludes

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“阻止，妨礙”；B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起”；C選項(xiàng)“阻止，抑制”；D選項(xiàng)“使（某物）潔凈，凈化（心靈）”；根據(jù)句意‘暴露于低強(qiáng)度的伽馬電磁輻射下可以阻緩食物中腐壞微生物的生長速度，按照相同的原理，在巴式消毒法中，低熱會遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐壞作用’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed（

）asdictatorialrole.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引導(dǎo)賓語從句的用法。句意：因?yàn)檫@場叛亂，這位上將在那段時(shí)間的所作所為被認(rèn)定為是獨(dú)裁。分析句子可知assumed為句子的謂語，后面的部分作賓語從句，而從句中what又作wasdescribed的主語部分，這是what的特殊用法，有雙重作用，故選C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

YourParadiseusedtobeafinemagazine,butnowthatitthetasteofacompletelydifferentreadingpublicit（

）hasgonedowninquality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deflectsfrom

B.flirtswith

C.catersto

D.hingeson

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deflectfrom“從……偏斜”；B選項(xiàng)flirtwith“同…調(diào)情；不認(rèn)真考慮”；C選項(xiàng)caterto“迎合…口味；為…服務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)hingeon“取決于……；以……為轉(zhuǎn)移”。根據(jù)句意‘你們的《天堂》雜志本應(yīng)該是一本優(yōu)秀的期刊，但是現(xiàn)在卻來滿足完全不同的公眾閱讀口味，從而導(dǎo)致明顯下降的質(zhì)量。’可知這里表示迎合公眾閱讀的口味，C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】連詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的inthat“因?yàn)?，由于，既然”；B選項(xiàng)的somuchsothat“到這樣程度以至于……，甚至”；C選項(xiàng)的since通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示“自從……”；D選項(xiàng)的while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候，然而……”。根據(jù)句意‘約瑟夫?海勒是個(gè)偉大的小說家，震驚了成千上萬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，甚至很多美國著名的小說家都臣服于他的才華，情不自禁地贊揚(yáng)他’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Theabilityto（

）themselvesbycamouflageenablessomedefenselessanimalstosurvive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.conceive

C.deceive

D.disguise

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘通過偽裝來隱藏自己的能力使得一些沒有攻擊性的動(dòng)物存活下來。’可知，這里是指一些動(dòng)物通過偽裝自己而求得生存。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏，隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)conceive“懷孕，構(gòu)思”；C選項(xiàng)deceive“欺騙，行騙”；D選項(xiàng)disguise當(dāng)動(dòng)詞吋意為“掩飾，隱瞞”；concealoneself意為“潛伏，埋伏”；而disguiseoneself意為“隱藏自己”，更符合語境，D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeactInnovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach---instrikingoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby(

).

2.WhyisBeethovenratedamonghighlycreativeartists,fromtheauthor’spointofview?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployincollectingdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatranslationbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmodecomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmodemcomposerslikeBelaBartokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問在從事藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和自然科學(xué)之間的差別。根據(jù)原文“Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.極富創(chuàng)意的藝術(shù)和極具創(chuàng)意的科學(xué)之間的差異來自于自己的目標(biāo)的差異。對于科學(xué)，新理論是創(chuàng)造性行為的目的和歸宿?！笨芍獌烧咧g的差異是在它們的目的不同，A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容"IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.有關(guān)貝多芬，人們稱他推翻了種種規(guī)則，將音樂從傳統(tǒng)的令人窒息的范圍中解放出來。然而，對他音樂作品一番細(xì)致的研究會揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實(shí)質(zhì)上，他是一個(gè)無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨(dú)特方式利用各種局限---從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)?？芍狣選項(xiàng)‘他綜合了新舊音樂形式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句“Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.高度創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)所創(chuàng)造的，不是一種全新的、超越既已確立之局限的普遍性原則，而是一種美學(xué)上的獨(dú)特之物。由高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)家所創(chuàng)造的美學(xué)上的獨(dú)特事物，以一種富予創(chuàng)新的方式，拓寬或利用既存形式的局限，而不是超越那種形式本身?！笨芍?，這種科學(xué)方面的原始貢獻(xiàn)是具有創(chuàng)新性的東西，所以D選項(xiàng)“生成一種新穎的、有根據(jù)的概括”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.”“然而，對他音樂作品一番細(xì)致的研究會揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實(shí)質(zhì)上，他是一個(gè)無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨(dú)特方式利用各種局限——即他從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)。以及本段中的論點(diǎn)：從另一方面來說，莫扎特的《費(fèi)加羅的婚禮》無疑屬于音樂的典范之作，雖然其樸素的創(chuàng)新僅限于將既存的創(chuàng)作手法予以拓展而已?！笨芍詈笠痪涮岬搅藦倪@些前輩繼承而來的各種規(guī)則和傳統(tǒng)，因此A選項(xiàng)“通過同樣的方法，這些模板作曲家成功地建立了音樂的規(guī)則”符合題意。

13.單選題

Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildren’shorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeanythingwe’dbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InthinkingaboutwhatwaspossiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwo-hourplaneridefromZurich.

Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear,butthoughtour11-and13-year-oldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristinemonuments.

Whatwedidn’tforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren“indanger,”referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.TohelpusgetacquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywereparticularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.

Friendlywarningsdidn’tchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwiththeU.S.StateDepartment’slistoftroublespots.Wedidn’tseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitorsduringoursix-daystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson,whoseoft-repeatedrequestisthatwenotsee“everysingle”churchandmuseuminagivencity.

Vaccinationsweren’tneededforthecity,butwewereconcernedaboutadaptingtothewaterforashortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemexcessive,butweallstayedhealthy.

Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20-minutewalkfrommostofIstanbul’smajortouristsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspastacolorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.

Fromateenagerandpre-teen’sview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbeboughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar,whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbehardersimplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatterwithitsmanyzeros.

BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenormousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildren’scuriosityalreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycomerofthecity,andthescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.

Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestaurants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedustheagonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadults*desiretotrysomethingnewamidchildren’sinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeotherTurkishspecialties.

AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardquestionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultans'palace.Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesucharrangementsinadvance.

Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsanditsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylefttoalearnedthirdparty.

1.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

3.Welearnfromthecouple’sshoppingexperiencebackhomethat

（

）.

4.ThelasttwoparagraphssuggestthattovisitplacesofinterestinIstanbul

（

）.

5.ThefamilyhaveseenorvisitedallthefollowinginIstanbulEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecityisnottoofarawayfromwheretheylived.

B.thecityisnotonthelistoftheU.S.StateDepartment.

C.thecityisbetweenthefamiliarandtheexotic.

D.thecityismorefamiliarthanexotic.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefamilyfoundthecitywasexactlywhattheyhadexpected.

B.Theirfriendswereopposedtotheirholidayplan.

C.Theycouldhavebeenmorecautiousaboutbringingkidsalong.

D.Theywereabitcautiousaboutthequalityofwaterinthecity.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theywereusedtobargainingoverprice.

B.theypreferredtobuythingsoutdoors.

C.streetmarketsweretheirfavorites.

D.theypreferredfashionandbrandnames.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.guidebooksareveryuseful.

B.aprofessionalguideisamust.

C.onehastobepreparedforquestions.

D.onehastomakearrangementsinadvance.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.religiousprayers.

B.historicalbuildings.

C.local-stylemarkets.

D.shoppingmallboutiques.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問這對夫妻選擇伊斯坦布爾作為它們的度假目的地的主要原因。從第一段內(nèi)容與第二段開頭“Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear.我們把這次旅行想象成更多異國情調(diào)之旅的前奏，也許今年晚些時(shí)候會去新德里或曼谷”一句可以知道這家人打算選擇一個(gè)較為陌生但又與家較近的地方作為旅游目的地。C選項(xiàng)‘這個(gè)城市介于熟悉和陌生之間’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問選項(xiàng)中哪一項(xiàng)敘述是錯(cuò)誤的。由文章第四段中的“...butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson.但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)旅游區(qū)非常安全，非常有趣，而且種類繁多，甚至適合我們的兒子。”一句可知當(dāng)他們到達(dá)伊斯坦布爾旅行之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)這里和旅行之前所了解到的信息是不一樣的，所以A選項(xiàng)“這家人發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)城市和他們設(shè)想中的是一樣的”錯(cuò)誤，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問我們可以從這對夫妻的購物經(jīng)歷中了解到什么。由文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對于我們兩個(gè)人來說，他們的購物經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括百貨公司和購物中心的精品店，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價(jià)還價(jià)的時(shí)候，你可能會以一件東西的價(jià)格買到兩件東西，這讓我很驚訝?！币痪淇芍狣選項(xiàng)‘在自己國內(nèi)的購物習(xí)慣更傾向于選擇流行時(shí)尚和知名品牌’正確。

4.推理判斷題。本題是問最后兩段內(nèi)容表明在伊斯坦布爾游覽名勝的情況…。由文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.沒有導(dǎo)游，所以只能自己動(dòng)手，用我們的導(dǎo)游手冊，這讓我們錯(cuò)過了很多專業(yè)導(dǎo)游能提供的有趣的歷史和軼事。”B選項(xiàng)‘專業(yè)的指南是必不可少的’正確。

5.推理判斷題。本題是問在伊斯坦布爾，除…外，這家人在伊斯坦布爾見過或參觀過以下所有地方。綜合上下文，A選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第四段提及，B,C選項(xiàng)在第六，七段提及，而從文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對于我們兩個(gè)人來說，他們的購物經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括百貨公司和購物中心的精品店，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價(jià)還價(jià)的時(shí)候，你可能會以一件東西的價(jià)格買到兩件東西，這讓我很驚訝?！贝_定shoppingmallboutiques是這家人在國內(nèi)的購物點(diǎn)，而不是在伊斯坦布爾，所以符合題意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitates

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)facilitates“促進(jìn)，幫助，使容易”；B選項(xiàng)initiates“開始，創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起，倡議”；C選項(xiàng)inhibits“抑制，約束”；D選項(xiàng)purifies“凈化，使純凈”。根據(jù)句意‘暴露于低強(qiáng)度的伽馬電磁輻射下可以放緩食物中腐敗微生物的生長速度，正如以極為相同的方式，在巴氏滅菌法中，低熱會遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐敗作用?！疌選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthelowtemperatures

【答案】D

【解析】省略句的用法。根據(jù)句子前部分的結(jié)構(gòu)可知題目強(qiáng)調(diào)的是highhumidity,并且需填入的部分與thehighhumidity是并列成分，根據(jù)句意‘使倫敦的冬季如此之冷的是高濕度而不是低氣溫?！芍狣選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldof