2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)40

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Althoughtheendofthetermwasclose（）,Jimhadnotcompletedalloftheprojectshehadhopedtofinish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onhand

B.byhand

C.athand

D.inhand

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管學(xué)期快結(jié)束了，吉姆還沒有完成他希望完成的所有項(xiàng)目。

考查短語辨析。onhand在手邊;在場(chǎng);byhand用手；athand在手邊；即將到來；inhand在手頭；在進(jìn)行中；在控制中。這里表示“學(xué)期快結(jié)束了”，故選C。

2.單選題

AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes.Thedoctorhadalreadybeeninvestigatedformorethanthreeyearsforusingtheliquidsilicone,aproductnotauthorizedforuseinCanada.

Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame.OneofthosepatientsisAnnaBarbiero.ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles.Whatshesayshedidn’ttellheristhatitisn'tapprovedforuseinCanada.“Ididn'tknowwhatliquidsiliconewasandhejustcalleditliquidgold,Barbieroremembers.Afterherlasttreatment,AnnadiscoveredDr.SheldonPollackhadbeenorderedtostopusingthesiliconetwoyearsearlierbyHealthCanada.Expertssaysiliconecanmigratethroughthebody,andcauseinflammationanddeformities.

“Myupperlipisalwaysnumbanditburns”，Barbierosays.Barbieroisspearheading（帶頭）alawsuitagainstthedoctor,whoherlawyerthinksmightinvolveupto100patientsinjectedwiththesamematerial.“Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing.”sayslawyerDouglasElliott.

Ontario’sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsisalsoinvestigatingDr.Pollacktoseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone.However,inalettertotheCollege,Dr.PollackwrotethathehadalwaystoldpatientsthatthesiliconewasnotapprovedforsaleinCanada,andhadwarnedthemoftherisks.AndinBarviero’scase,“atthetimeofherfirstvisit,priortohereverreceivingIGLStreatment,IspecificallyinformedherthatthematerialwasnotapprovedforsaleinCanadabytheHealthProtectionBranchandthatIdidreceivethematerialfromoutsidethecountryIwouldliketoemphasizethat,asisevidentonMs.Barbiero’schart,IdrewaspecificdiagramonthechartwhichIcarefullydiscussedwithandexplainedtoMs.BarbieroasIdidwitheveryotherpatienttoexplainthenatureandlikelihoodofcomplicationsandthereasonsandconsequencesofthosepossiblecomplications.”

Dr.PollackdeclinetospeaktoCTVNews,ortohavehislawyerdiscussthecase.Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt.Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors.“There’salargemessageandthatis:buyerbeware,”saysNancyNeilsenofCosmeticSurgeryCanada,It'sincumbent（負(fù)有義務(wù)的）onconsumerstodotheirresearch.”

1.DoctorSheldonPollackwaschargedthat（）.

2.Whatdoestheword"dermatoIogist"(Line2.Para2)mean?

3.TheinvestigationofOntario'sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsistofind（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Fromtheendingpartofthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hehadprescribedwrongmedicineforpatientsbymistake

B.hehadtreatedhispatientswithsomethingillegal,causingbadresult

C.hehadpretendedtobeaprominentsurgeon

D.hehadsoldanunauthorizedproductinlargeamount

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Apersonwhoseworkisfilling,cleaningandtakingoutteeth

B.Apersonwhoseworkisstudyingmentaldiseases

C.Apersonwhoseworkishealingeyediseases

D.Apersonwhoseworkiscuringskindiseases

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whetherhestillhasillegaltreatmentonhispatients

B.howmanypatientshavebeenabused

C.ifhetoldhispatientsabouttherisk

D.howmuchmoneyhegotfromhisillegaltreatment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Barbierotookthetreatmentafterbeingtoldtherisk

B.Dr.SheldonPollackstartedhisworkwiththepatients'agreementacceptthepotential

C.Afamousdoctorshouldbeauthorizedtousesomething,hethinksokayonpatients

D.Barbieroissufferingalot

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Barbierowillwinthelawsuit

B.Dr.SheldonPollackwillwinthelawsuit

C.thecaseshavebeendismissed

D.governingbodiestomonitordoctorwillbecharged

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出：AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes（日前，多倫多一名著名醫(yī)生被患者提起集體訴訟，指控他為美容目的向臉部注射違禁藥物）。第二段指出：Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame（一些病人說他們現(xiàn)在正遭受健康問題，并認(rèn)為液體硅膠可能是罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝?。因此B項(xiàng)“他用導(dǎo)致不好結(jié)果的一些不合法東西治療自己的病人”正確。

第2題:詞義題。“dermatoIogist”所在句為：ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles（她說，她在多倫多的…告訴她，他正使用液體硅膠來去除皺紋）。由此推測(cè)，“dermatoIogist”可能表示“工作是治療皮膚病的人”，故選D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出：...toseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone（看看他在同意停止使用硅膠后是否繼續(xù)使用，以及他是否在病人記錄中注明在使用硅膠時(shí)使用了另一種合法產(chǎn)品）。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“是否他仍然在他的病人身上有非法的治療”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:Barbiero在被告知有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)后接受了治療。B:SheldonPollack醫(yī)生在病人同意接受這種可能性后開始了手術(shù)。文章指出：Dr.Pollack和病人Barbiero對(duì)是否告知液態(tài)硅膠的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)各執(zhí)一詞。因此A和B項(xiàng)不正確。C:一個(gè)有名的醫(yī)生應(yīng)該被授權(quán)在病人身上使用他認(rèn)為沒問題的東西。D:Barbiero飽受其害。第三段指出：Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing（事實(shí)上，像他這樣的醫(yī)生會(huì)在病人身上使用未經(jīng)授權(quán)的產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為這是可以的，這才令人不安）。因此C項(xiàng)不正確，D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:Barbiero將贏得這場(chǎng)官司。B:SheldonPollack醫(yī)生將贏得這場(chǎng)官司。最后一段指出：Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt（迄今所有指控都未經(jīng)法庭認(rèn)證）。因此A跟B項(xiàng)都不正確。C:這些案件已被駁回。D:監(jiān)督醫(yī)生的管理機(jī)構(gòu)將被起訴。最后一段指出：Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors（但是這個(gè)案件引發(fā)了人們對(duì)于政府監(jiān)管部門對(duì)醫(yī)生的監(jiān)督能力的質(zhì)疑）。因此D項(xiàng)不正確，本題選C。

3.單選題

Basedonaccumulatedsocialresearch,therenowcanbelittledoubtthatsuccessfulandwelladjustedchildreninmodernsocietiesaremostlikelytocomefromtwo-parentfamiliesconsistingofthebiologicalfatherandmother.Alternativefamilyformswhichareattempted,suchassingle-parentandstepfamilies,havebeendemonstratedtobeinferiorinchildoutcomes.Therecentmovementawayfromthetwo-natural-parentfamilyhasledtoconsiderablesocialmalaiseamongtheyoung,nottomentionsocialdecayingeneral.

Itcanbearguedthatchildwell-beingwouldbeenhancediffamilieslivedamongcare-givingrelativesandinsupportivecommunities,butthishasbecomeanever-diminishingsituation.Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible.Thestatehastriedtofillthevacuum,burwithoutmuchsuccess.Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory.

Constitutingoneofthegreatestdilemmasfacedbymodernsocieties,however,isthefactthatnuclearfamiliesthemselvesarebreakingapartdramaticallyhighrates.Thechancesinsomesocietiesarenowlessthan50to50,thanksmainlytodivorceandbirths,hatachildwilllivecontinuouslytoadulthoodwithbothnaturalparents.Thisisdespitethefactthat,unlikeintimespast,parentsnowalmostlivetoseetheirchildrenreachmaturity.

Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged.Notsolongagomarriagewasaneconomicbondofmutualdependency,asocialbondheavilyupheldbyextendedfamilies.Today,marriageisnoneofthese.Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport;extendedfamilypressuresonmarriageshaveallbutvanished;andmodernsocietieshavebecomeincreasinglyunconcernedwithreligions.Marriagehasbecomeapurelyindividualpursuit,animpliedandnotveryenforceablecontractbetweentwopeople;arelationshipdesignedtosatisfybasicneedsforintimacy,dependencyandsex.Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved.Moreover,moreoftheeverydayneeds,traditionallymetbymarriage,canbemetinotherdays,suchasthroughthemarketplace.

Withitssurroundingandsupportingsocialstructurescollapsing,cantherebeanyhopethatthenuclearfamilycanberevived?Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind.Iftheevolutionarybiologistsarecorrect,humanbeingsareapair-bodingspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingfamilyformsmaybeidealforachild'swell-being?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthetrendofmodernfamiliestoday?

3.Thehighbreak-uprateoftwoparentnuclearfamiliescanbeattributedto（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtherevivalofnuclearfamilyis（）.

5.Theword"affluence"(Paragraph4)isinsimilarmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Extendedfamily

B.Single-parentfamily

C.Stepfamily

D.Nuclearfamily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Easily-dissolvedpartnership.

B.Ever-diminishingcohesiveneighborhood.

C.Decreasingnumberofextendedfamilies.

D.Husbandandwifeheldinpassiveobedience.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.socialdecayingeneral

B.custompressure

C.collapseoftheeconomicbondofmarriage

D.thecompletelydifferentnatureofmarriage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.hopeless

D.mournful

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wealth

B.health

C.culturalrefinement

D.modernconveniences

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory(因此，雙親核心家庭在今天對(duì)兒童和整個(gè)社會(huì)可能比歷史上任何時(shí)候都更加重要)。由此可知，如今對(duì)孩子成長(zhǎng)最理想的家庭模式是two-parentnuclearfamily(雙親核心家庭)。故選D。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:容易破裂的婚姻。B:不斷疏遠(yuǎn)的鄰里關(guān)系。C:大家庭數(shù)量減少。D:處于被動(dòng)服從地位的丈夫和妻子。第二段指出:Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible(從歷史角度看，大家庭數(shù)量大幅縮水，緊密的鄰里關(guān)系也變得更加疏遠(yuǎn)，而且這種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的)。因此B跟C項(xiàng)屬于現(xiàn)代家庭的趨勢(shì)。第四段指出:Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved(當(dāng)這些需求發(fā)生改變，或者當(dāng)一位看似更加合適的伴侶出現(xiàn)后婚姻就會(huì)很容易破裂)。因此A項(xiàng)也是現(xiàn)代家庭的趨勢(shì)。只有D項(xiàng)未在文中體現(xiàn)，本題選D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段:Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged(高離婚率的一個(gè)根本原因是婚姻的本質(zhì)發(fā)生了改變)。因此D項(xiàng)“婚姻本質(zhì)發(fā)生改變”正確。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。最后一段指出:Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind(是的——希望的基礎(chǔ)在于人類基本的生理和心理構(gòu)成)。由此可見，作者對(duì)于核心家庭的復(fù)興的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的。

第5題:詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段:Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport（女性對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的追求及政府的支持已取締了這一經(jīng)濟(jì)紐帶)。由此可知，affluence表示與“經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”相關(guān)的意思。因此A項(xiàng)“財(cái)富”正確。

4.單選題

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:Visionics公司生產(chǎn)了最好的人臉識(shí)別軟件來增強(qiáng)機(jī)場(chǎng)的安全性。B:Visionics的股票價(jià)格上漲。C:機(jī)場(chǎng)對(duì)軟件很滿意。D:Visionics的軟件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，領(lǐng)先的制造商Visionics發(fā)布了一份情況說明書，解釋其技術(shù)如何增強(qiáng)機(jī)場(chǎng)安全)。但并不能證明A項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)正確。第三句說到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股價(jià)飛漲)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的機(jī)場(chǎng)開始安裝該軟件并進(jìn)行測(cè)試)。但這并不能說明C項(xiàng)正確。因此答案為B。

第2題:判斷推理題。第二段意思為:然而，伴隨軟件試用結(jié)果出現(xiàn)，該軟件的光彩逐漸消逝，無論你或許對(duì)面部識(shí)別軟件聽說過什么，Visionics這家大公司的面部識(shí)別軟件都不如宣傳的那樣好。因此C項(xiàng)“該軟件結(jié)果是無效率的”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干問的是:根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)防部的說法，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的致命缺點(diǎn)是什么?A:太多假警報(bào)被拉響。B:每個(gè)人都要直視鏡頭。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在機(jī)場(chǎng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。D:每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該偽裝自己?？啥ㄎ恢恋谌巍５诙渲赋?Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(這些測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)，要在機(jī)場(chǎng)抓獲90%的嫌疑人，人臉識(shí)別軟件必須發(fā)出大量虛假警報(bào))。因此A項(xiàng)正確，C項(xiàng)不正確。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三個(gè)人中就有一個(gè)被拖拉出候機(jī)的隊(duì)伍，而這種比例是基于每個(gè)人都直視鏡頭且不做任何努力掩飾自己的情況)。由此可知B項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)只是文中提及的實(shí)驗(yàn)的條件，而非致命缺點(diǎn)。

第4題:判斷推理題。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(問題在于從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)控提取的嫌疑犯的臉紋不可能與數(shù)據(jù)庫里的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)相匹配)。因此，使得人臉識(shí)別系統(tǒng)難以有效工作的原因是B項(xiàng)“電腦里的面紋從不與真人的面紋完全相同”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控訴和反控訴之后，盡管沒有一個(gè)人能識(shí)別真相，但是該行業(yè)或許很快不得不面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí))。由此可知B項(xiàng)“該行業(yè)應(yīng)該認(rèn)清現(xiàn)實(shí)，改善技術(shù)”正確。

5.單選題

Ourmultimillionnerve-cellcentralnervoussystemhasitsrootsinthescatterednervecellsoftiny,lowlyorganismsthatlivedinwaterhalfabillionyearsago.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates—“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone.Acoelenterate’snervenetworklacksanykindofcentralizedcontrol.Thisprobablybeganwithflatworms--thefirstcreaturetopossessahead.

Specializedsensecellshelpflatwormsrespondmoreflexiblythanseaanemonestooutsidestimuli.Butlikemostanimalswithoutabackbone,flatwormsactalmostbyinstinctandreflex.

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig,complextypesofbrain—thetypeswefindamongthebackbonedanimasorvertebrates.Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect.Butthedevelopmentofafish'sthree-partbrainreflectsthatbeast’sunintellectualpriorities.Muchoftheforebraindealsonlywithsmell.Themidbrainhandlesvisionandthehindbrainbalance.

Withearlymammalsthebraingrewlargerandmorecomplex.Sensecoordinationshiftedfromthemidbraintotheforebrain,adevelopingstructurecappedbyfoldedcerebrumtohandlememoryandlearning.Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements.

Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees,wherevisionmatteredmorethansmell.Accordinglytheoncebig“smell’’partoftheforebraingrewsmaller,whilethepartthathandlesvisiongrewmuchlarger.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Thehydraisakindof（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“tookto”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinsectsdonothave（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstocoordinatethecomplexphysicalactivityofamammal?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesensoryorgansofinvertebrates.

B.Theanatomyoftinyorganisms

C.Theoriginofthebrainandcentralnervoussystem.

D.Theimportanceofvisionforfishandadvancedanimals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.flatworm

B.coelenterate

C.seaanemone

D.nervecell

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.began

B.fledto

C.carriedto

D.becamefriendlytoward

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.brains

B.backbones

C.nervecells

D.reflexes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thecerebellum

B.Theforebrain

C.Thecerebrum

D.Themidbrain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要講中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和大腦的起源，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone”(諸如水螅和海葵等腔腸動(dòng)物)。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“腔腸動(dòng)物”正確。

第3題:詞義題。對(duì)于短語“tookto”的理解可參考句子:Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees(先進(jìn)的哺乳動(dòng)物，如猴子、猿和人類（靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物）的大腦是由祖先進(jìn)化而來的，它們…在樹上生活)，taketo本意為“開始從事”。

第4題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect(最微小的魚相比最大的昆蟲有更大的頭腦)。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“大腦”正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干為:由文章可知，什么有助于協(xié)調(diào)哺乳動(dòng)物復(fù)雜的身體活動(dòng)?倒數(shù)第二段指出:Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements(同時(shí)，后腦獲得了巨大的小腦來協(xié)調(diào)復(fù)雜的運(yùn)動(dòng))。由此可知A項(xiàng)“小腦”正確。

6.單選題

Tobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor,youmustbeableto（1）theattentionandinterestofyourstudents;youmustbea（2）speaker,withagood,strong,（3）voicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol;andyoumustbeableto（4）whatyouareteachinginordertomakeitsmeaningclear.（5）agoodteacherandyouwillseethathedoesnotsitstill（6）hisclass.Hestandsthewholetimewhenheisteaching;hewalksabout,usinghis（7）,handsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanations,andhisfacetoexpressfeeling.Listentohim,andyouwill（8）theloudness,thequalityandthemusicalnoteofhisvoicealways（9）accordingtowhatheis（10）about.Thefactthatagoodteacherhassomeofthegiftsofagoodactordoesn’t（11）thathewillindeedbeabletoact（12）onthestage,forthereareveryimportant（13）betweentheteacher’sworkandtheactor’s.Theactorhastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart;hehastorepeatexactlythe（14）wordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart;（15）hismovementsandthewaysinwhichheuseshisvoiceareusually（16）beforehand.Whathehastodoistomakeallthesecarefullylearntwordsandactionsseem（17）onthestage.

Agoodteacher（18）inquiteadifferentway.Hisstudentstakeanactivepartinhis（19）:theyaskandanswerquestions;theyobeyorders;andiftheydon’tunderstandsomething,theywillsayso.Theteacherthereforehastosuithisacttotheneedsofhisstudents.Hecannotlearnhispartbyhispartbyheart,butmust（20）itashegoesalong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pay

B.hold

C.give

D.know

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.clear

B.slow

C.quick

D.loud

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.frightening

B.exciting

C.fearing

D.pleasing

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.act

B.talk

C.say

D.repeat

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Listen

B.Watch

C.Look

D.Observe

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.behind

C.before

D.with

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.tongue

B.words

C.sound

D.arms

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.hear

B.see

C.think

D.guess

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.making

B.changing

C.expressing

D.giving

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.talking

B.thinking

C.hearing

D.saying

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.tell

B.express

C.show

D.mean

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.badly

C.well

D.actively

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.things

B.differences

C.points

D.jobs

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.same

C.above

D.following

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.just

B.never

C.ever

D.even

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.read

B.known

C.fixed

D.written

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.real

C.false

D.teaches

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.has

C.works

D.teaches

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.group

B.party

C.class

D.play

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.invent

B.discover

C.teach

D.continue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:A

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。holdtheattentionofsb.表示“吸引某人的注意力”，故選B項(xiàng)。

第2題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clear“清楚的；清澈的”；B選項(xiàng)slow“慢的；減速的；遲鈍的”；C選項(xiàng)quick“快的，迅速的；敏捷的”；D選項(xiàng)loud“大聲的，高聲的；不斷的”。由后面的“makeitsmeaningclear(將意思表達(dá)清楚)”可知A項(xiàng)符合句意。

第3題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)frightening“令人恐懼的，突然驚恐的”；B選項(xiàng)exciting“令人興奮的；使人激動(dòng)的”；C選項(xiàng)fearing是動(dòng)詞fear“害怕，擔(dān)心”的現(xiàn)在分詞；D選項(xiàng)pleasing“令人愉快的；討人喜歡的”。此處應(yīng)填形容詞修飾名詞voice，并且應(yīng)與“good,strong”并列，因此D項(xiàng)符合語境。

第4題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)act“行動(dòng)；表現(xiàn)；起作用；扮演”；B選項(xiàng)talk“說話；談?wù)?；談心”；C選項(xiàng)say“講；說明；例如；聲稱”；D選項(xiàng)repeat“重復(fù)”?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞的賓語是“whatyouareteaching(你所教授的內(nèi)容)”，而由第一句中的youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor（你需要具備一個(gè)好演員的一些天賦）可知A項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Listen“聽，傾聽”；B選項(xiàng)Watch“觀察；注視；看守，指用眼睛跟隨某物，以便對(duì)每一個(gè)變化、運(yùn)動(dòng)等進(jìn)行觀察”；C選項(xiàng)Look“看；期待；注意，側(cè)重短暫的看的動(dòng)作，但并不一定能看見，有時(shí)用來喚起別人的注意”；D選項(xiàng)Observe“觀察；說；注意到，側(cè)重以客觀的態(tài)度觀察”?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞的賓語是“agoodteacher(一名好老師)”，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

第6題:空格處句意為：…她不是靜止地站在班級(jí)的…。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“在……前面”符合句意。

第7題:考查名詞辨析。由題干及選項(xiàng)可知空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞，跟handsandfingers（手和手指）并列,因此D項(xiàng)“手臂”正確。

第8題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞的賓語是ofhisvoice（他的聲音），因此A項(xiàng)“聽見”正確。

第9題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)make“使得；進(jìn)行；布置”；B選項(xiàng)change“改變，轉(zhuǎn)變”；C選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)；快遞”；D選項(xiàng)give“產(chǎn)生；讓步；舉辦”。句意：你將聽見他的聲音的大小、音質(zhì)及音符根據(jù)…一直…，這里應(yīng)表示“音符根據(jù)老師講課時(shí)的聲音有高低變化”，故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

第10題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，并應(yīng)與后面的about構(gòu)成搭配。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意跟搭配。talkabout表示“談?wù)摚v”。D項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)與about搭配也表示“說到，談及”，但不如A項(xiàng)正式。故選A。

第11題:考查固定搭配。doesnotmeanthat表示“不意味著”。

第12題:考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)good“好的，優(yōu)良的”；B選項(xiàng)badly“非常，很；嚴(yán)重地”；C選項(xiàng)well“很好地；充分地”；D選項(xiàng)actively“積極地；活躍地”。句意：一個(gè)好的老師具有一個(gè)好的演員的一些天賦的事實(shí)不意味著他將確實(shí)能在舞臺(tái)上……扮演，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

第13題:考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)things“事物”；B選項(xiàng)differences“偏差，差異”；C選項(xiàng)points“見解，目的”；D選項(xiàng)jobs“工作”。句意：老師與演員的工作有很重要的不同。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

第14題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)different“不同的；個(gè)別的，與眾不同的”；B選項(xiàng)same“相同的；同一的”；C選項(xiàng)above“前文述及的；上述的”；D選項(xiàng)following“其次的，接著的”。句意：每次他表演某一角色時(shí)，他（演員）不得不準(zhǔn)確地重復(fù)…言語。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

第15題:考查副詞辨析。此處是對(duì)前面“使用同樣言語”舉例的進(jìn)一步舉例。因此D項(xiàng)“甚至”正確。

第16題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。A選項(xiàng)read“閱讀；讀懂”；B選項(xiàng)know“知道；認(rèn)識(shí)；懂得”；C選項(xiàng)fix“固定；確定”；D選項(xiàng)write“寫，書寫”。句意：他的動(dòng)作和他使用他的聲音的方式經(jīng)常事先…。由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。

第17題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)natural“自然的；物質(zhì)的”；B選項(xiàng)real“實(shí)際的；真實(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)false“錯(cuò)誤的；虛偽的”；D選項(xiàng)teach“教；教授；教導(dǎo)”。句意：他不得不做的就是去比這些被認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的言語和動(dòng)作在舞臺(tái)上看上去…。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

第18題:邏輯分析。由上一段的“theteacher’swork”對(duì)應(yīng)可知C項(xiàng)“工作”正確。

第19題:考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)group“組；團(tuán)體”；B選項(xiàng)party“政黨，黨派；聚會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)class“階級(jí)；班級(jí)；種類”；D選項(xiàng)play“游戲；比賽；劇本”。此處將老師比喻成演員，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第20題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)invent“發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造；虛構(gòu)”；B選項(xiàng)discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺”；C選項(xiàng)teach“教；教授；教導(dǎo)”；D選項(xiàng)continue“繼續(xù)，延續(xù)；仍舊”。此處句意為：他不能熟記他的角色，而是一定要根據(jù)教學(xué)進(jìn)展而…他的角色?？崭袂疤岬健氨仨氉屪约旱陌缪葸m應(yīng)學(xué)生的需要”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

AlthoughAsiancountriesaregenerallymore（）insocialcustomsthanWesterncountries,therehavebeenseveralnotableexamplesofwomenleadersinbothChinaandIndia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservative

B.confidential

C.comprehensible

D.consistent

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管亞洲國(guó)家在社會(huì)習(xí)俗上普遍比西方國(guó)家保守，但中國(guó)和印度都有幾位女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的典型例子。

考查形容詞辨析。conservative保守的；confidential機(jī)密的；獲信任的；comprehensible可理解的；consistent始終如一的，堅(jiān)持的。此句后半部分表示:中國(guó)和印度都有幾位女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的典型例子，而且前面用了轉(zhuǎn)折讓步連詞although，因此A符合句意。

8.單選題

Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedand（）inquality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.influential

B.inferior

C.superior

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)influential“有影響的；有勢(shì)力的”；B選項(xiàng)inferior“差的；自卑的；下級(jí)的”；C選項(xiàng)superior“上級(jí)的；優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；D選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的，隸屬的；次要的”。句意：他們的產(chǎn)品時(shí)常定價(jià)過高且質(zhì)量很差。并列連詞and連接“定價(jià)過高的”和空格，因此空格處填入B項(xiàng)合適。

9.單選題

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst（）,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果利潤(rùn)和金錢是你首先考慮的事情，對(duì)人的義務(wù)是你最不關(guān)心的，那你的教育就失敗了。

考查名詞辨析。potentiality潛能;可能性;priority優(yōu)先考慮的事;優(yōu)先權(quán);superiority優(yōu)越;優(yōu)勢(shì);responsibility責(zé)任;職責(zé);義務(wù)。根據(jù)句中first(首先)以及后面的yourleastconcern(你最不關(guān)心的事情)可知B項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.由于沒有具體證據(jù)可供利用，為探尋戲劇的起源，人們首先只能憑推測(cè)。

2.對(duì)于很多人而言，羅馬至多不過是對(duì)希臘更大規(guī)模地模仿和延續(xù)，希臘是發(fā)明者，而羅馬則是研究和發(fā)展的分支。

3.大多數(shù)時(shí)候，僅僅是因?yàn)闊o法核實(shí)身份，這些惹是生非的個(gè)體躲在一個(gè)個(gè)假名字后面，保護(hù)自己不受其行為的影響。

4.園林不只是房屋的補(bǔ)充。園林滿足了更高層次的生活需求，而這種功能只有藝術(shù)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

5.更進(jìn)一步說，也有人認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題與樂觀與悲觀的爭(zhēng)論無關(guān)，我們必須轉(zhuǎn)變看待和思考問題的方式。

【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.

2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.

3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.

4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.

5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.

11.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)題意本題表述的是每隔一段時(shí)間可以