實(shí)用翻譯lecture 4 equivalance in translation課件

TranslationCriterionPartI:TranslationandEquivalenceTeachingContents:TranslationandEquivalenceTeachingAims:Tomakestudentsknowabouttherelationshipbetweentranslationandequivalence..TeachingFocus:TheimportanceofequivalenceTeachingMethods:

Student-centered(groupwork,thenclasswork).TeachingApproaches:Multi-mediaaidedTeachingPlan1.Completeequivalence:

I.Wordequivalence

Itreferstothecaseinwhichtwowordsorphrasesindifferentlanguageshaveexactlythesamemeaning.

Forexamples:theU.S.StateDepartmentcomputationallinguisticsthePacificOcean4.tuberculosis5.helicopter6.minibus7.marriage8.laser9.asbusyasabee10.It’snousetalkingtohim,foryourwordwillgoinoneearandouttheother.

(美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院)(計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言學(xué))(太平洋)(肺結(jié)核)(直升飛機(jī))(小公共汽車)(結(jié)婚)(激光)(忙如蜜蜂)跟他講沒有用，他總是一耳進(jìn)，一耳出。2.PartialequivalenceI.Wordequivalence

Twowordsintwodifferentlanguageshavemanymeanings,inwhichonlyoneorsomeofthemeaningshavetheequivalents.

Forexamples:

拉門拉斷拉開抽屜拉開開關(guān)他拉了拉我的袖子。pullthedoorpullapartpullopenthedrawerpullswitchHepulledmysleeve.moreexamples:

I.Wordequivalence

pullatoothpullin

pullaroundpulltogetherpulloffaplan拉拉手拉拉隊(duì)拉肚子拉選票拉倒拔牙（車）進(jìn)站恢復(fù)健康齊心協(xié)力努力實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃shakehandscheeringsquaddiarrheacanvassforgetaboutit/dropit/leaveitatthat3.Onewordwithmultipleequivalents

I.Wordequivalence

Onewordwithmultipleequivalentofthesamemeanings:b.Onewordwithmultipleequivalentsofdifferentmeanings:Examples:

wife:die:Examples:

cousin:president:carry:妻子，老婆，太太，夫人，內(nèi)人，妻室…死，亡，逝，歿，斃，隕，薨，崩…堂兄，堂弟，堂姐，堂妹，表兄，表姐…總統(tǒng)，主席，校長(zhǎng)，會(huì)長(zhǎng)，總裁，董事長(zhǎng)，主持人…提，挑背，支持，支撐，運(yùn)送，搬運(yùn)，攜帶，包含…5.Wordswithoutequivalents

I.Wordequivalence

Inthiscase,anexplanationisgiveninsteadofanequivalent.Examples:teenager:prey:clock-watcher:couch-potato:（目不識(shí)）丁:干媽：緣分：表妹：13至19歲的青少年被捕食的動(dòng)物老是看鐘等下班的人整天窩在沙發(fā)里看電視的人(notknowone’s)ABCnominallyadoptedmother;godmotherfateorchancethatbringspeopletogetherMy-female-cousin-on-mother’s/father’s-side-younger2.Thesamefigureofspeechwiththesamemeaning:

II.Formequivalence

Examples:snow-whitegoldentimeasbusyasabeespendmoneylikewaterStrikewhiletheironishot.Factsspeaklouderthanwords.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Examples:whiteliewhiteelephant黃色書刊/影片比較:yellowpressbepurplewithrageonceinabluemoonbringcoaltoNewcastle:goDutchIII.DynamicEquivalenceorFunctionalEquivalence

善意的謊言華而不實(shí)的東西

bluebook/film以聳人聽聞的方式報(bào)道新聞臉氣得發(fā)青千載難逢多此一舉均攤費(fèi)用Ihavereadyourarticles.Iexpectedtomeetanolderman.

我大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)(完全猜錯(cuò))。他初出毛廬,沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我一星期沒洗澡，一身臭汗。YourgirlfriendisasbeautifulasHelen.

III.DynamicEquivalenceorFunctionalEquivalence

Iammuchabroadinmyguess.Heisagreenhand.Iamsmellingofseven-day-oldsweat.你的女朋友美若天仙?？催^你的文章，想不道你這么年輕。adrownrat落湯雞aspoorasachurchmouse一窮如洗

III.DynamicEquivalenceorFunctionalEquivalence

Onlyfocusingontheequivalenceofmeaning,withoutamplificationandomittingintermsofmeaning,iscalledequivalenceintermsofmeaning.IV.Meaningequivalence

Forexample:Britaincouldnothaveadvancedherindustrializationsorapidlyif,justwhenownersoffactoriesneededitmost,anabundantsupplyofcheaplaborhadnotmadeitselfavailable.要不是正好在工廠老板們最需要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力的時(shí)候得到大量廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力，英國(guó)的工業(yè)化就不可能發(fā)展的這樣迅速。Whentranslating,youshouldnotonlykeepthemeaningunchanged,butalsotrytokeepthestyleunchanged,too.

V.Styleequivalence

Example:…thatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.要使我們這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的政府永世長(zhǎng)存。

TheWon-DoneSong（byDavidHawkes）Menallknowthatsalvationshouldbewon,

Butwithambitionwon’thavedone,havedone.Wherearethefamousonesofdays

gone

by?Ingrassygravestheylienow,everyone.Menallknowthatsalvationshouldbewon,Butwiththeirricheswon’thavedone,havedone.Eachday,theygrumblethey’venotmadeenough,Whenthey’veenough,it’sgoodnighteveryone!Menallknowthatsalvationshouldbewon,Butwiththeirlovingwivestheywon’thavedone.Thedarlingseverydayprotesttheirlove,Butonceyouaredead,they’reoffwithanotherone.

Menallknowthatsalvationshouldbewon,Butwiththeirchildrenwon’thavedone,havedone.Yetthoughofparentsfondthereisnolack,OfgratefulchildrensawIne’erone.…V.Styleequivalence

SummaryI.Wordequivalence

pleteequivalenceb.partialequivalencec.multipleequivalenced.equivalenceinterwovenwithoneanothere.wordswithoutequivalenceII.FormequivalenceIII.DynamicorfunctionalequivalenceIV.MeaningequivalenceV.StyleequivalenceTranslationcriteriaFunctionoftranslationcriteria:Standard;requirement;supervisionTranslationcriteriainChina：案本----求信----傳神----化境多元互補(bǔ);最高/低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；第三種狀態(tài)說Translationcriteriaabroad:Tytler:1)Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.譯文應(yīng)當(dāng)復(fù)制原文意思2)Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.譯文的寫法與風(fēng)格應(yīng)當(dāng)跟原文的寫法與風(fēng)格性質(zhì)相同3)Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition譯文應(yīng)當(dāng)完全跟創(chuàng)作一樣流暢Nida:dynamic/functionalequivalenceHansVermeer:skopostheory(purposeintranslation)Criterionsystemforcollegestudents1).RequirementsetbytheMinistryofEducation:

忠實(shí)、通順2).practicalcriteria(執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)):

situationdepends,withfactorsliketheoriginalmeaning,translationpurpose,targetlanguagereaders,cultureetc.arealwaysimportantinone’sconsideration6).Lightindustryitselfhasactuallygonethroughmanysuccessivestagesofdevelopment.輕工業(yè)；連續(xù)的階段7).Thereasonyoudon’tfeellonelyisyouareinagoodcompany.有很多人陪伴8).Heisnomorefondofplayingchessthanyouare.他不比你更喜歡下棋----他同你一樣不喜歡下棋9).總服務(wù)臺(tái)whole-servicecounter----check-in/check-outcounterinformationdesk/servicecentre/customerservice10).放屁passyourwind----nonsense.敲門：knockthedoor---knockat/onthedoor靠墻：leanthewall----leanagains