機械設計制造及其自動化畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯

英文原文名AutomaticproductionlinePLCcontrolofautomaticfeedingstation中文譯名基于PLC的自動化生產線自動上料站的控制

中文譯文：自動化生產線自動上料站的PLC控制自動生產線是由工件傳送系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)，將一組自動機床和輔助設備按照工藝順序聯(lián)結起來，自動完成產品全部或部分制造過程的生產系統(tǒng)，簡稱自動線。二十世紀20年代，隨著汽車、滾動軸承、小電機和縫紉機和其他工業(yè)發(fā)展,機械制造業(yè)開始出現(xiàn)在自動生產線,第一個是組合機床自動線。在20世紀20年代,第一次出現(xiàn)在汽車工業(yè)流水生產線和半自動生產線,然后發(fā)展成自動生產線。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,在機械制造工業(yè)發(fā)達國家,自動生產線的數(shù)量急劇增加。采用自動生產線生產的產品應該足夠大,產品設計和技術應該是先進的、穩(wěn)定的和可靠的,基本上保持了很長一段時間維持不變。自動線用于大,大規(guī)模生產可以提高勞動生產率,穩(wěn)定和提高產品質量,改善勞動條件,降低生產區(qū)域,降低生產成本,縮短生產周期,保證生產平衡、顯著的經(jīng)濟效益。自動生產線的一個干預指定的程序或命令自動操作或控制的過程,我們的目標是穩(wěn)定、準確、快速。自動化技術廣泛用于工業(yè)、農業(yè)、軍事、科學研究、交通運輸、商業(yè)、醫(yī)療、服務和家庭,等自動化生產線不僅可以使人們從繁重的體力勞動、部分腦力勞動以及惡劣、危險的工作環(huán)境,能擴大人的器官功能,極大地提高勞動生產率,提高人們認識世界的能力,可以改變世界。下面我說下它的應用范圍：機械制造業(yè)中有鑄造、鍛造、沖壓、熱處理、焊接、切削加工和機械裝配等自動線，也有包括不同性質的工序，如毛坯制造、加工、裝配、檢驗和包裝等的綜合自動線。加工自動線發(fā)展最快,應用最廣泛的機械制造。主要包括:用于處理盒、外殼、各種各樣的部件,如組合機床自動線;用于加工軸、盤部分,由通用、專業(yè)化、或自動機器自動專線;轉子加工自動線;轉子自動線加工過程簡單、小零件等。1.確保節(jié)拍時間:無論什么樣的產品,都必須完成的時間生產。2.單元過程:只有一個產品,單位部分處理、組裝、加工和材料。3.先導器：理解為視覺設備節(jié)拍時間。4.U型生產線:校準設備按照項目訂單逆時針方向,和一個人負責出口和入口。5.AB控制:只有當沒有產品工程,工程的產品,使項目。6.燈光:傳達我們的產品線過程變化的裝置。7.后工程領取:在產品的生產線,以滿足項目需求。設備聯(lián)接：自動線中設備的聯(lián)結方式有剛性聯(lián)接和柔性聯(lián)接兩種。在剛性聯(lián)接自動線中，沒有裝載裝置,工件加工和傳播過程有嚴格的節(jié)奏。當暫停設備故障,將導致政府關門。因此,剛性連接自動生產線的工作需要高可靠性的各種設備。在自動生產線柔性連接,每個工序(或部分)之間的加載裝置,比不必嚴格在每個過程是一致的,短暫的停頓,一個設備可以由存儲設備在一定時間來調整平衡,從而不會影響其他設備的正常工作。集成自動生產線、裝配、自動線路和時間組合機床自動線通常采用柔性連接。組成部分：自動線路傳輸系統(tǒng)一般包括機床和工件裝載裝置,傳動裝置和加載裝置。在轉子加工自動線,傳動裝置,包括重力式輸送機或迫使槽或進料輸送機,推廣、傳輸和配電裝置等。有時,機械手完成轉運裝置的功能。在組合機床自動線工件有合適的輸送機基礎,采用直接傳輸方式,傳輸設備有各種步進式輸送機、傳輸裝置和翻轉裝置形狀不規(guī)則,沒有適當?shù)膫鬏數(shù)幕A表面的工件,通常在托盤的位置和運輸,這種情況將增加托盤返回設備。自動生產線控制系統(tǒng)主要是用于確保機床的傳動系統(tǒng),工件,依照有關規(guī)定和輔助設備的正常工作的工作周期和聯(lián)鎖要求,檢驗設備和信號設備和麻煩。適應的要求自動生產線的調試和正常運行,控制系統(tǒng)有三種工作狀態(tài):,半自動和自動調整。的調整可以手動操作和調整,實現(xiàn)單機每個行動;在半自動可實現(xiàn)單機單工作;在自動傳輸機可以連續(xù)工作?？刂葡到y(tǒng)有其“停止”控制功能、停車、傳送機在正常工作條件下需要完成一個工作循環(huán),每個機床的運動部件上停車后回到原來的位置。自動設置的其他輔助設備按照流程和自動化程度的要求,比如洗衣機工件自動檢測裝置,自動工具改變裝置,自動芯片系統(tǒng)和冷卻系統(tǒng),等。為了提高生產力,自動行必須確保自動生產線的工作可靠性。主要影響因素自動生產線的可靠性工作是加工質量和設備的穩(wěn)定運行的可靠性。自動生產線的發(fā)展方向主要是提高生產率和增加通用性和靈活性。為了適應多種生產的需要,調整開發(fā)可以快速可調自動生產線。這生產線是一套基于PLC控制的教學系統(tǒng),也是一套模塊化的生產實訓系統(tǒng)。它集電氣控制、PLC應用、傳感器和氣動等多種技術于一體,由自動上料、傳輸檢測、真空分揀、顏色分揀、位置調整、配件供給和裝配下料等七個工作站組成。自動上料站的功能是為其它工作站提供工件。工件由氣動機械手抓取,經(jīng)平移,升降,擺動等動作,放到輸送帶上,然后回歸原位。1.系統(tǒng)的硬件設計自動上料模塊是整個自動生產線系統(tǒng)的起始單元,主要由工件裝料管和推出裝置,支架,閥組,終端組件、PLC、按鈕、槽底板,等。主要功能是被放置在一個掩體工件自動推到材料板,以便運輸單元的機械手抓取和輸送。有手動和自動兩種操作方式。操作前應確保進料板材料。1.1動作過程上料單元主體是一個轉動的料盤,料盤上設置兩個管形料倉。在料盤口對應上料的位置安裝了漫反射光電開關,功能是檢測材料裝在盤子里。當工件將達到位置,光電開關檢測工件的存在,然后系統(tǒng)提供本單位圓盤材料工件的信號。在輸送單元控制程序中,您可以使用信號狀態(tài)的構件驅動機械手裝置,去旅游。本在重力的作用下工件自動向下移動工件,準備下一個抓取工件。如果當前盤沒有工件,材料板將在程序控制下的預期位置繼續(xù)測試。直到兩個菜沒有工件,材料板停止轉動。1.2氣動回路設計氣動控制回路是本工作單元的執(zhí)行機構,由氣動機械手和上料轉盤組成,完成上料和取料。機械手在結構上由兩個直線氣缸、一個擺動氣缸和氣爪組成。歸位狀態(tài)為:氣爪閉,平移缸退,升降缸落,擺缸0°。一個工作循環(huán):氣爪閉→氣爪開→升降缸升→平移缸進→氣爪閉→平移缸退→擺缸180°→平移缸進→升降缸落→氣爪開→平移缸退→升降缸升→擺缸0°。機械手可以完成翻譯,舉重和擺動臂爪抓取動作,由磁性接近開關安裝在每個氣缸的缸測試極限位置,然后由PLC實現(xiàn)位置控制。五兩位五通雙電動電磁閥安裝在收集器板,控制機械臂的平移、起重和擺動控制和上料盤的旋轉動作。1.3PLC控制在上料單元中,檢測磁開關、位置缸材料盤沒有光電開關的工件,傳輸擁塞檢測傳感器和控制按鈕,PLC,總共14個輸入終端接收信號。電磁閥來控制運動的輸出,故障信號和信號,共13個輸出終端。可以選擇西門子s7-300的主要單位和從站之間的信息交換。2.系統(tǒng)的軟件設計PLC梯形圖程序的設計方法有經(jīng)驗法和順序控制法兩種。順序控制設計法的基本思想是將系統(tǒng)的一個工作周期劃分為若干個順序相連的步,用編程元件(例如存儲器位M)來代表,在任何一步內各輸出量的狀態(tài)不變。使系統(tǒng)由當前步進入下一步的信號稱為轉換條件,它可以是外部的輸入信號,如按鈕、限位開關的通斷等。也可以是PLC內部產生的信號,如定時器和計數(shù)器的觸點信號。使用順序控制設計方法時,首先根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的工藝流程,所示的順序功能圖,再根據(jù)順序功能圖畫出梯形圖來完成程序設計。TheoriginaltextAutomaticproductionlinePLCcontrolofautomaticfeedingstationAutomaticproductionlineiscomposedoftheworkpiecetransmissionsystemandcontrolsystem,asetofautomaticmachineandauxiliaryequipmentinaccordancewiththeprocesssequence,completionofallorpartofthemanufacturingprocessproductionsystem,automaticlineforshort.The20thcentury20s,ascar,rollingbearings,smallmotorandsewingmachinesandotherindustrialdevelopment,machinerymanufacturingindustrybegantoappearinautomaticproductionline,thefirstisthemodularmachinetoolautomaticline.Inthe1920s,firstappearedintheautomotiveindustryrunningwaterproductionlineandsemi-automaticproductionlines,andthendevelopedintotheautomaticproductionline.Afterthesecondworldwar,inthemachinerymanufacturingindustryindevelopedcountries,thenumberofautomaticproductionlinehasincreaseddramatically.Adopttheproductsoftheautomaticproductionlineshouldbelargeenough,theproductdesignandtechnologyshouldbeadvanced,stableandreliable,remainedlargelyunchangedforalongtime.Automaticlineforlarge,massproductioncanimprovelaborproductivity,stabilityandimproveproductquality,improvelaborcondition,reducetheproductionarea,reducetheproductioncost,shortenproductioncycle,guaranteetheproductionofbalance,significanteconomicbenefits.Automaticproductionlineofaninterventioninaspecifiedprogramorcommandautomaticoperationorcontrolofprocess,ourgoalistobestable,accurateandfast.Automationtechnologyiswidelyusedinindustry,agriculture,military,scientificresearch,transportation,business,health,services,andfamily,suchasautomaticproductionlinecannotonlymakepeoplefromheavymanuallabor,partsofmentalLabourandbad,dangerousworkingconditions,canexpandhumanorganfunction,greatlyimprovethelaborproductivity,improvetheabilityofpeopletoknowtheworld,canchangetheworld.BelowIsayunderitsscopeofapplication:Inmechanicalmanufacturingcasting,forging,stamping,heattreatment,welding,machiningandmechanicalassembly,automaticline,alsotohavetheprocessincludingdifferentproperties,suchasblankmanufacturing,machining,assembly,testingandpackagingofintegratedautomaticline.Processingandautomaticlinefastestgrowing,mostwidelyusedmachinerymanufacturing.Mainlyincludes:usedforprocessingbox,shell,allkindsofparts,suchasthecombinationmachinetoolsautomaticline;Usedformachiningshaft,platepart,bygm,specialization,orautomaticmachineautomaticline;Rotorprocessingautomaticline;Rotorautomaticline,suchassimpleprocess,smallparts.1.Ensurethetakttime:nomatterwhatkindofproducts,arerequiredtocompletethetimeofproduction.2.Unitprocess:onlyaproduct,theunitpartsprocessing,assembly,processingandmaterials.3.Theguide:understandthetakttimeforvisualdevices.4.U-shapedline:calibrationequipmentinaccordancewiththeprojectordercounterclockwise,andapersoninchargeofexportandentry.5.ABcontrol:onlywhenthereisnoproductengineering,productengineering,maketheproject.6.Lighting:conveyourproductprocesschangedevice.7.Aftertheengineeringdrawing:intheproductline,inordertomeetprojectrequirements.Equipmentconnection:Automaticlineoftheconnectiondevicehastwokindsofrigidconnectionandflexibleconnection.Inrigidconnectionautomaticline,thereisnoloadingdevice,processingandtransmissionprocesshasstrictrhythm.Whenthesuspensionofequipmentfailure,willleadtoshutdownthegovernment.Therefore,rigidconnectionofautomaticproductionlineworkneedhighreliabilityofvariousequipment.Intheautomaticproductionlineofflexibleconnections,eachworkingprocedure(orparts)betweentheloadingdevice,thandon'thavetobestrictineachprocessisconsistent,abriefpause,adevicecanbemadebyastoragedeviceinacertaintimetoadjustthebalance,thuswillnotaffectthenormalworkoftheotherdevices.Integratedautomaticproductionline,assembly,automaticlineandtimecombinationmachinetoolsautomaticlineusuallyadoptflexibleconnection.Components:Automaticlinetransmissionsystemgenerallyincludesmachinetoolsandtheworkpieceloadingdevice,transmissiondeviceandloaddevice.Inrotormachiningautomaticline,transmissiondevice,includinggravityconveyororforceorfeedconveyortrough,thepromotion,transmissionanddistributionequipment,etc.Sometimes,thefunctionofthemanipulatortocompletethetransferdevice.Incombinationmachinetoolsautomaticlineartifactshavesuitableconveyorfoundation,USESthedirecttransmissionmode,transmissionequipmenthasavarietyofsteppingconveyor,transmissiondeviceandflipdeviceirregularshape,withoutpropertransmissionbasedonthesurfaceoftheworkpiece,usuallyinthetraylocationandtransportation,thiskindofsituationwillincreasethepalletreturnequipment.Automaticproductionlinecontrolsystemismainlyusedtoensurethemachinetooldrivingsystem,artifacts,andauxiliaryequipmentinaccordancewiththerelevantregulationsofthenormalworkoftheworkcycleandinterlockingrequirements,testequipmentandsignalequipmentandtrouble.Adapttotherequirementofautomaticproductionlineofthedebuggingandrunning,therearethreekindsofworkingstate:controlsystem,semi-automaticandautomaticadjustment.Adjustmentscanbemanualoperationandadjustment,realizesinglemachineeveryaction;Inthesemi-automaticcanrealizesinglemachinesinglework;Intheautomatictransmissionmachinecanworkcontinuously.Controlsystemhasits"stop"controlfunction,parking,transfermachineinnormalworkingconditionsneedtocompleteaworkcycle,eachmachine'smovingpartsonbacktoitsoriginalpositionafterparking.Otherauxiliaryequipmentautomaticallysetaccordingtotherequirementsofprocessandautomationdegree,workpieceautomaticdetectiondevicessuchaswashingmachine,automatictoolchangedevice,automaticchipsystemandcoolingsystem,etc.Inordertoimprovetheproductivity,automaticlinemustensurethattheworkreliabilityoftheautomaticproductionline.Mainfactorsinfluencingthereliabilityoftheautomaticproductionlineofworkisthereliabilityoftheprocessingqualityandtheequipmentandstableoperation.Thedevelopmentdirectionofautomaticproductionlinemainlyistoimprovetheproductivityandincreasetheversatilityandflexibility.Inordertomeettheneedsofavarietyofproduction,adjustmentofdevelopmentcanbequicklyadjustableautomaticproductionline.ThisproductionlineisasetofteachingsystembasedonPLCcontrol,isalsoasetofmodularproductiontrainingsystem.Itsets,sensors,PLCapplicationandelectriccontrolofpneumaticandothertechnologyinone,bytheautomaticfeeding,transmissiondetection,vacuumsorting,colorsorting,positionadjustment,sparepartssupplyandassemblyblankingsevenworkstations,etc.Thefunctionofautomaticfeedingstationistoprovideotherworkstationsartifacts.Artifactsbypneumaticmanipulatorgrasping,throughtranslation,liftingandswingingmovements,suchasontheconveyorbelt,andthenreturntotheinsitu.1.ThehardwaredesignofthesystemAutomaticfeedingunitmoduleisthestartoftheautomaticproductionlinesystem,mainlybytheworkpieceloadingandlaunchingdevice,stents,valvegroup,terminalcomponents,PLC,button,groovebottom,etc.Mainfunctionistobeplacedinabunkerworkpieceautomaticallypushedtothematerialplate,sothatthemanipulatorgraspingandtransmissionoftransportunit.Havebothmanualandautomaticoperationmode.Beforetheoperationshouldensurethatfeedplatematerial.1.1actionprocessFeedingunitmainbodyisarotatingtray,traysetontwotubularbin.Inthepositionofthedishonthecorrespondingmaterialinstalleddiffusephotoelectricswitch,functionistodetectmaterialservedonplates.Whentheworkpiecewillreachposition,photoelectricswitchtodetecttheexistenceoftheworkpiece,andthesystemtoprovidetheunitdiskmaterialartifactssignal.Inconveyingunitcontrolprogram,youcanusethesignalsofthestateofthecomponenttodrivethemanipulatordevice,totravel.Thisundertheactionofgravity,theworkpieceautomaticallymovedowntheartifacts,readyforthenextgrabartifacts.Ifthecurrentplatewithoutartifacts,materialplatewillcontinuetotesttheexpectedpositionunderprogramcontrol.Untilthetwodishesnoartifacts,materialplatestoprunning.1.2thepneumaticcircuitdesignPneumaticactuator,controlloopistheunitofworkconsistsofpneumaticmanipulatorandfeedingwheel,finishloadinganddischarge.Manipulatorinstructureconsistsoftwostraightlineofcylinder,aswingingcylinderandclaw.Placestatusto:pawclosedgas,shiftcylinder,liftingcylinder,cylinder0°.Aworkingcycle:thepawclosed-gasclawsopen-qi-translationcylinderinto-clawgascylinderclosed-translationalcylindertocylinder180°,backtranslationcylinderintothegas-liftcylinderfall-clawopentoshiftcylinderannealing,liftingcylindertocylinder0°.Robotscandotranslation,liftingandswingingarmclawgraspingmotion,bymagneticproximityswitchinstalledineachcylindercylindertestlimitposition,andthenbythePLCtorealizepositioncontrol.WuLiangWeifive-waydoubleelectricsolenoidvalveinstalledonthecollectorplate,controlofmechanicalarmtranslation,liftingandswingingcontrolandfeedingplaterotatingmovement.1.3PLCcontrolInfeedingunit,magneticswitch,positiondetectionplatecylindermaterialwithoutartifactsphotoelectricswitch,transmissioncongestiondetectionsensorandcontrolbuttons,PLC,atotalof14receivedsignalinputterminal.Electromagneticvalvetocontrolthemovementoftheoutput,thefaultsignalandthesignal,atotalof13outputterminals.ThemainunitcanchooseSiemenss7-300andtheexchangeofinformationbetweenfromthestation.2.ThesoftwaredesignofthesystemDesignmethodofPLCladderdiagramprogramhastwokindsofempiricalmethodandsequencecontrol.Sequentialcontroldesignmethodisthebasicideaofthesystemofaworkingcycleisdividedintoseveralconnectedtoasequenceofsteps,withprogrammingcomponents(suchasmemoryM)torepresent,inanystepinthestateofeachoutputunchanged.Makethesystembythecurrentstepintothenextstepsignaliscalledthetransitionconditions,itcanbeanexternalinputsignal,suchasbuttons,suchasthelimitswitchonandoff.CanalsobeaPLC,thesignalsproducedbyinternalcontactsignalssuchastimersandcounters.Usingsequentialcontroldesignmethod,firstofall,basedonthesystemoftechnologicalprocess,asshownintheorderofthefunctionaldiagram,functiondrawingouttheladderdiagramaccordingtoordertocompletetheprogramdesign.附錄資料：不需要的可以自行刪除鋁板幕墻安裝工程一、適用范圍：適用于民用建筑中鋁板幕墻安裝。二、施工準備：（一）材料要求：1.鋁合金飾面板和骨架材料必須符合設計的材質、種類、規(guī)格、型號，其質量應符合有關標準規(guī)定。2.連接件、預埋件等零件必須符合設計要求，并進行防腐處理。3.結