系列Poems-完整版課件

英語人教版·選修6(通用本)Poem

Unit2SectionⅠ

Warming-up;Pre-reading,Reading&ComprehendingUnit2課堂要點(diǎn)探究2課堂達(dá)標(biāo)驗(yàn)收3課后強(qiáng)化作業(yè)4課前新知預(yù)習(xí)1課前新知預(yù)習(xí)Ⅰ.下面是本部分的重點(diǎn)詞匯，你能準(zhǔn)確填出內(nèi)容嗎？1．根據(jù)英文釋義寫出單詞(1)________(vt.)tocommunicateideasoffeelings(2)________(adj.)abletobendeasilywithoutbreaking(3)________(v.)tolaughatsomeoneandmakejokesabouttheminordertohavefun(4)________(n.)apartofariverthatleadsawayfromthemainpart(5)___________(v.)completelychangetheappearanceorcharacterofsth.,especiallysothatitisbetterconveyflexibleteasebranchtransform2．根據(jù)詞性及漢語寫出單詞的拓展形式(1)concrete(adj.)具體的→________(反)抽象的(2)contradictory(adj.)引起矛盾的；好反駁的→_________(vt.)與……相矛盾；反駁(3)salty(adj.)含鹽的；咸的→________(n.)鹽(4)minimum(n.)最低限度；最少量→__________(反)最大限度；最大量(5)translation(n.)翻譯；譯文→________(v.)翻譯abstractcontradictsaltmaximumtranslate3．短語互譯(1)___________講得通；有意義(2)_______________表達(dá)自己的意思(3)______________童謠(4)________熬夜(5)takeiteasy________________________(6)runoutof________(7)bemadeupof________________(8)weekin(and)weekout___________________(9)inparticular_____________makesenseexpressoneselfnurseryrhymestayup輕松；不緊張；從容用完由……構(gòu)成連續(xù)好幾個(gè)星期尤其；特別Ⅱ.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.Poemsare1.________peoplewritetotellastoryor2.________somethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpressionaswellas3.________certainemotions.Poetsusevariousformsto4.________themselves.Nurseryrhymesarestillacommontypeofchildren'spoetry,which5.________smallchildrenwithstrongrhythmandrhymeandrepetition.Cinquainisanotherkindofpoem

whatdescribeconveyexpressdelight6.________upoffivelines,with7________studentscanconveyastrongpictureinjustafewwords.HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatismadeupof17syllables.Itisnota8.___________formofEnglishpoetry,butisverypopular9.________Englishwriters.ChineseTangpoemsarealsoborrowedbyEnglishspeakersandhavebeen10.___________intoEnglishaswell.madewhichtraditionalwithtranslated課堂要點(diǎn)探究1.tickvt.給……標(biāo)記號(hào)；vi.(指鐘等)發(fā)出滴答聲①Tick“yes”or“no”toeachquestion.對(duì)每一個(gè)問題的“是”或“否”打鉤。②Theclockticketawaytheminutes.鐘表顯示時(shí)間一分一秒地過去。知識(shí)拓展ticksb./sth.off給……畫上鉤；給……打核對(duì)號(hào)Tickallthequestionsoff,please.把所有的問題標(biāo)出來?；顚W(xué)活用Ihaveticked________offthenamesofthepeoplewhohavepaid.A．packed

B．shockedC．ticked D．a(chǎn)ttacked答案：C

tick“給……標(biāo)記號(hào)”，tick...off為固定搭配，意思是“給……畫上鉤”。句意為“我在已經(jīng)付款的姓名旁畫了鉤”。2．conveyvt.傳達(dá)；運(yùn)送①Pleaseconveymyapologiestoyourwife.請(qǐng)向你的妻子傳達(dá)我的歉意。②Yourluggagewillbeconveyedtothehotelbytaxi.你的行李將由出租車送到酒店。知識(shí)拓展conveyone'sfeelings表達(dá)某人的感情conveynews/informationtosb.把消息/信息傳遞給某人注意：(1)convey表示將人或信息等從甲地帶到乙地時(shí)，其后不能用副詞back。Ifyouconveythissuggestiontoyourcommittee,weshallobtainasolutiontoourproblem.如果你把這個(gè)建議向你們委員會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)，我們的問題就會(huì)得到解決。(2)convey在表示“運(yùn)送，運(yùn)輸”時(shí)，同義詞為carry或take；在表示“表達(dá)”時(shí)，同義詞為express；在表示“說明”時(shí)，同義詞為suggest。比較網(wǎng)站convey,transform和transport單詞辨析典型例句convey指物體從一地運(yùn)送到另一地，或指語言或信息等的傳播；也可表示財(cái)產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)讓，但該詞更強(qiáng)調(diào)通過法律手段轉(zhuǎn)讓財(cái)產(chǎn)或某種所有權(quán)。Passengersareconveyedbybustotheairterminal.用公共汽車載送旅客前往航空站。Ifoundithardtoconveymyfeelingsinwords.我覺得難以用言語表達(dá)我的感情。Theoldfarmerconveyedhisfarmtohisson.老農(nóng)夫?qū)⑥r(nóng)場轉(zhuǎn)讓給了兒子。transform主要指工作地點(diǎn)的變換、住所及物體的轉(zhuǎn)移，還可以表示旅途中交通工具的變換，如轉(zhuǎn)車、轉(zhuǎn)船等；也可以指把財(cái)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓給他人。Theyhavetransformedtheirgarageintoaguesthouse.他們把車庫改成了客房。Ageneratortransformsmechanicalenergyintoelectricity.發(fā)電機(jī)將機(jī)械能變成電。Atadpoleistransformedintoafrog.蝌蚪變成青蛙。transport基本含義是“運(yùn)送”。但該詞通常局限于用交通工具運(yùn)輸貨物或人。ThegoodswillbetransportedtoTokyobyair.貨物將空運(yùn)到東京?；顚W(xué)活用(1)漢譯英請(qǐng)向李教授轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)我良好的祝愿。__________________________________________________(2)完成句子①言語無法表達(dá)我對(duì)她有多么的生氣。________________________________howangryIamwithher.②管道將燃?xì)鈴墓S傳送到每家每戶。Pipes________________________everyfamilyfromthepowerplant.答案：(1)PleaseconveymybestwishestoProfessorLee.(2)①Wordscannotconvey

②conveygasto3．concreteadj.具體的n.混凝土①Shoesandtreesareconcreteobjects.鞋和樹是實(shí)物。②Whatyousaidwasnotconcretesowecouldn'tunderstandyou.你說的不具體，因此我們聽不懂。③Concreteisverystrongandisusedinmanymodernbuildings.混凝土很結(jié)實(shí)，經(jīng)常被用在許多現(xiàn)代建筑物中。比較網(wǎng)站concrete,specificconcrete具體的；反義詞：abstract抽象的specific具體的，特定的；反義詞：vague模糊的；general一般的①Beautyisnotconcretebutafloweris.美不是具體的，但鮮花是具體的事物。②Thetroublewithmanystudentswasthattheyneverhadaspecificaiminlife.許多學(xué)生的問題是，他們從未有過確切的人生目標(biāo)。活學(xué)活用(1)選用concrete/specific填空①Hegaveusvery________instructions.他給我們做了非常明確的指示。②NowI'mcomingtothe________measures.以下我來講一講具體做法。③Imustbringmyessaytoa________conclusion.我必須以一個(gè)具體的結(jié)論來結(jié)束我的論文。(2)Itiseasiertothinkin________termsratherthanintheabstract.A．concrete B．realC．solid D．imagination答案：(1)①specific

②concrete

③concrete(2)A題意：結(jié)合具體的事物來思考要比抽象思考容易些。concrete表示“確實(shí)的，具體的(而非想象或猜測(cè)的)”。4．flexibleadj.靈活的；可彎曲的；柔順的①Itisnotimportanttomewhenwego—myplansarequiteflexible.我們什么時(shí)候走對(duì)我來說無所謂——我的計(jì)劃很靈活。②Itisknowntoeveryonethatwireisflexible.眾所周知，電線是可彎曲的。③Agymnasthastobeflexibleaboveallelse.體操選手最重要的是必須身體柔韌。知識(shí)拓展flexibilityn.靈活flexiblyadv.靈活地；柔順地flexitimen.彈性工作時(shí)間制活學(xué)活用Asitissummerholiday,weneedtoadopta________timetableforschoolactivities.A．changeable B．movableC．flexible D．variable答案：C考查詞語辨析。句意為“由于現(xiàn)在是暑假，我們需要采用靈活的時(shí)間來安排學(xué)校活動(dòng)”。changeable“可以改變的”；movable“可移動(dòng)的”；flexible“靈活的”；variable“多變的”。5．patternn.模式；式樣；圖案；典范，榜樣①Theylikenewpatternsoffamilylife.他們喜歡新的家庭生活模式。②Agoodtailorcanmakeadresswithoutapaperpattern.好的裁縫不用紙樣就能做衣服。③Idon'tlikethepatternonthecloth.我不喜歡那塊布上的圖案。④Sheisapatternofalltheclassmates.她是所有同學(xué)的典范。知識(shí)拓展changingpatternsofbehaviour/work/weather行為/工作/天氣的變化模式anirregularsleepingpattern不規(guī)律的睡眠模式followa(similar)pattern如出一轍setthepatternfor...為……樹立榜樣活學(xué)活用漢譯英這些句子的語法模式都相同。__________________________________________________答案：Thesesentencesallhavethesamegrammaticalpattern.6．teasevi.&vt.取笑；招惹；戲弄①AtschooltheotherchildrenalwaysteasedmebecauseIwasfat.在學(xué)校里，因?yàn)槲议L得胖，別的孩子總是取笑我。②Thedogmaybiteyouifyoukeepteasingit.要是你不停地招惹那條狗，它也許會(huì)咬你。③Don'ttakeitseriously—hewasonlyteasing.別拿它當(dāng)真——他只是在戲弄人。知識(shí)拓展laughatsb.嘲笑某人makefunofsb.愚弄某人playjokesonsb.開某人的玩笑playtricksonsb.捉弄某人活學(xué)活用補(bǔ)全句子沒有人喜歡被當(dāng)眾戲弄。Nobodylikes________________________inpublic.答案：tobeteased7．minimumn.[C]最低限度；最少量；最小數(shù)①Today'stemperaturereachedaminimumof0℃.今天氣溫最低降到零攝氏度。②Hesmokesaminimumof10cigarettesaday.他一天最少抽10根煙。圖解助記[漢]迷你(裙)—諧音→[英]語mini(skirt)—推記→[詞根]min(i)(短??；?。簧?→[生詞]minimumn.最低限度；量少量；最小數(shù)知識(shí)拓展ata/theminimum在最低點(diǎn)活學(xué)活用補(bǔ)全句子你必須答對(duì)最少40道題才能通過考試。Youmustget________________________40questionsrighttopasstheexamination.答案：aminimumof8．translationn.翻譯；譯文①HespecializesintranslationfromDanishintoEnglish.他專門從事把丹麥文譯成英文的工作。②Thebooklosessomethingintranslation.此書在翻譯過程中丟失了一些原意。知識(shí)拓展translatevi.&vt.翻譯o...把……譯成……①Hedidn'tunderstandChinese,soIofferedtotranslate.他不懂中文，所以我主動(dòng)給他翻譯。②CansomeonetranslatethislegaljargonintoplainEnglishforme?誰能幫我把這一法律術(shù)語用簡明的英語翻譯一下？活學(xué)活用SomeEnglishstudentsarereadingTangpoemsin________.A．congratulation B．a(chǎn)pplicationC．translation D．protection答案：C

translation“翻譯，譯文”；intranslation為固定搭配，意思是“以譯文形式出現(xiàn)的”；congratulation“祝賀，(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞”；application“應(yīng)用，用途，申請(qǐng)”；protection“保護(hù)”。句意為“一些英國學(xué)生正在閱讀唐詩的譯文”。9．branchn.[C]枝條；支流；部門；支線；(研究或知識(shí)領(lǐng)域的)分支①Afallenblossomiscomingbacktothebranch.落下的花朵回到了樹枝上。②TheMinRiverisabranchoftheChangjiangRiver.岷江是長江的一條支流。③OurNewYorkbranchisdealingwiththematter.我們的紐約分部正在處理這件事。圖解助記活學(xué)活用翻譯句子這家銀行在全世界有很多分行。_______________________________________________答案：Thebankhasbranchesalloverthecountry.10．transformv.轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造；變換①Afreshcoatofpaintcantransformaroom.重新粉刷一遍可使房間大為改觀。②Thedistresstransformedhischaracter.那次苦難改變了他的性格。知識(shí)拓展transforminto改變?yōu)椋晦D(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閠ransformone'slife改變某人的一生transformtoanewplace搬到一個(gè)新地方betransformedfromAtoB由A處遷到B處transformationn.改造；改變比較網(wǎng)站transform,convert和transfer單詞辨析典型例句transform指“人、物在性質(zhì)、形態(tài)或外觀上發(fā)生徹底或基本的變化”。Transformoneformofenergyintoanother.把一種形式的能變成另一種形式的能。convert使某物從一種狀態(tài)或情況轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠渌麪顟B(tài)或情況；特指“使適用于新的用途或目的而轉(zhuǎn)變”。Weconvertedboxesintofurniture.我們把箱子改制成了家具。單詞辨析典型例句transfer意為“移交；轉(zhuǎn)移；調(diào)動(dòng)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從一處轉(zhuǎn)移到另一處。Shehasbeentransferredtoanotherdepartment.她已被調(diào)往另一部門?；顚W(xué)活用(1)補(bǔ)全句子我們必須努力工作以便使中國變成先進(jìn)的工業(yè)國。Wemustworkhardsoasto______China________anadvancedindustrialcountry.(2)單項(xiàng)填空Sheusedtobeterriblyshy,butayearabroadhascompletely________her.A．converted

B．transformedC．translated D．turned答案：(1)o(2)B題意：她過去十分靦腆，但在國外呆了一年以后完全變了。transform表示“使改變外觀(或性質(zhì))；使改觀”。11．eventuallyadv.最后；終于①Heworkedsohardthateventuallyhemadehimselfill.他非常辛苦地工作，最后病倒了。②Followthepathandyou'lleventuallyseetheroad.沿這條小徑走下去你就會(huì)看到大路。比較網(wǎng)站eventually,atlast,intheend和finallyeventually強(qiáng)調(diào)作為結(jié)果而最終發(fā)生。atlast通常表示“經(jīng)過很久的等待之后終于發(fā)生”。intheend意為“終于”，表示經(jīng)過周折、等待或耽擱后“最后”得到所期待的結(jié)果(用法同atlast)。還可用于預(yù)測(cè)未來。finally意為“最后，最終”，表示經(jīng)過努力或曲折之后，終于發(fā)生(用法同intheend和atlast)。也可以指一系列事物或論點(diǎn)的順序?；顚W(xué)活用TherewassuchalongqueueforcoffeethatMr.Smith________gaveup.A．unfortunately B．generouslyC．possibly D．eventually答案：D

eventually“最后，終于”，符合語境。unfortunately“不幸地，遺憾地”；generously“慷慨地，大方地”；possibly“也許”。1.makesense(1)有道理；有意義；講得通Ican'tfollowtheseinstructions——theydon'tmakesense.我不理解這些指示——根本講不通嘛。(2)是明智的；合乎情理Itwouldmakesensetoleaveearly.早點(diǎn)離開是明智的。(3)表述清楚；易于理解；道理明顯Johnwasn'tmakingmuchsenseonthephone.約翰在電話里說得不大清楚。比較網(wǎng)站makesense,makesenseofmakesense意為“有意義；能理解；合理；講得通”。makesenseof意為“理解；了解……的意義”。①Thissentencedoesn'tmakeanysense.這個(gè)句子完全講不通。②Canyoumakesenseofthistelegram?你弄得懂這封電報(bào)的意思嗎？活學(xué)活用補(bǔ)全句子對(duì)不起，我沒有聽懂你在課堂上說的話。I'msorryIcouldn't________________________whatyousaidintheclass.答案：makesenseof2．takeiteasy不緊張；從容；輕松①Takeiteasyandyouwillgetwellsoon.別緊張，你很快就會(huì)好起來的。②Youspeaktoofast.Takeiteasy,OK?你說得太快了。從容點(diǎn)兒，好不好？③IwanttotakeiteasywhenI'monholiday.假期我想好好放松一下。比較網(wǎng)站takeiteasy和takeone'stime(1)takeiteasy意為“放松；不緊張”，指心理上別緊張，相當(dāng)于Don'tbenervous。如：Takeiteasy.Thereisnoneedtobenervous.放松一點(diǎn)，沒有必要緊張。(2)takeone'stime意為“不慌不忙；從容不迫”，指時(shí)間上很充裕，不用著急，相當(dāng)于There'senoughtime。如：①There'snohurry.Takeyourtime.不用急，慢慢來吧。②Takeyourtime.Thereisalotoftimeleft.別著急，還有很多時(shí)間。溫馨提示takeiteasy的英文意思為becalm/don'tworry，相當(dāng)于“takethingseasy”，意思是“放心好了；別著急”等，指在心理上放松，別擔(dān)心。在美國口語中，常用為道別時(shí)的招呼用語，意思是“再見，保重”，注意其中easy不可寫成easily。①Justtakethingseasyandtelluswhathappened.別著急，告訴我們出什么事了。②Ifwehadn'ttakeniteasy,wewouldhavepassedtheexam.如果我們不緊張的話，可能已經(jīng)通過考試了。知識(shí)拓展takesth.seriously嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待某事take...forgranted……是理所當(dāng)然的take...as...把……看做……take...for...把……看做……；把……誤認(rèn)為……活學(xué)活用—We'dbettergodownstairsrightnowforlunch.—________Theyservefood24hoursaday.A．Hurryup! B．Takeyourtime.C．Noway! D．Itdoesn'tmatter.答案：B句意：——“我們最好馬上下樓去吃午飯?！薄安恢?，他們24小時(shí)都供餐?！盇項(xiàng)意為“快點(diǎn)兒！”B項(xiàng)意為“不著急。”C項(xiàng)意為“沒門兒！”D項(xiàng)意為“沒關(guān)系”。3．runoutof用完；耗盡①Wehaverunoutofpetrol.我們的汽油用完了。②Hehadtoaskhisfatherformoremoneyafterheranoutofallhismoney.他的錢花光后，不得不向父親又索要了一些。知識(shí)拓展1相關(guān)用法：sb.runsoutofsth.某人用光某物sth.isrunningout某物快用光了useup用盡(材料等)；耗盡(精力等)①I'veusedupalltheglue.我把膠水用光了。②Heusedupallhisstrength.他用盡了他全身的力氣。比較網(wǎng)站runout與runoutofrunout意為“用完”，是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，通常以物作主語，指時(shí)間、食物、金錢等被耗盡、用光。runoutof表示“用完”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞短語，主語通常為人，后接賓語，意為“耗盡、用光(時(shí)間、食物、金錢等)”。①Astheweatherisgettingdrieranddrier,thewaterintheriverisrunningout.隨著天氣越來越干旱，河里的水快用光了。②Manyyoungpeoplerunoutoftheirmoneybytheendofeachmonth.許多年輕人到月底就把錢花光了。知識(shí)拓展2runacross偶然碰見runafter追趕；追求runaround到處跑runaway逃跑；逃走runover(開車)壓過，碾過runshortof缺乏，短缺①Iranacrossanoldfriendlastweek.我上周偶然遇到了一個(gè)老朋友。②Herdogwasrunningafterarabbit.她的狗在追趕一只兔子。③Hewasrundownandkilledbyacar.他被汽車撞死了。④Youmusthaverunoversomethingjustnow.你剛才一定是壓過了什么東西?；顚W(xué)活用補(bǔ)全句子(1)洪澇災(zāi)區(qū)的糧食供應(yīng)快用完了。在用完之前，我們必須立即采取行動(dòng)。Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea________________________.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snoneleft.(2)——我仍然在做這個(gè)研究課題。—I'mstillworkingonmyproject.——哎呀，你要錯(cuò)過截止日期了，時(shí)間不多了?！狾h,you'llmissthedeadline.Timeis________________.答案：(1)arerunningout

(2)runningout4．(be)madeupof由……構(gòu)成ApeacekeepingteammadeupoftensoldiersandanofficerwassenttotheIvorycoast.一支由十名士兵和一名長官組成的維和部隊(duì)被派往象牙海岸。注意：makeup用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不用介詞of。Thirty-fiveboysandtwenty-sevengirlsmakeuptheclass.35個(gè)男孩和27個(gè)女孩組成了這個(gè)班。知識(shí)拓展makeup彌補(bǔ)；組成；化妝；整理makeupfor補(bǔ)償；彌補(bǔ)makethemost/bestof充分利用bemadein在……生產(chǎn)或制造bemadefrom由……制成bemadeoutof以……制作；由……制成提示bemadeupof的同義詞組是consistof。consistof不用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，因此本句中的過去分詞短語madeupoffivelines可以用consistingoffivelines來代替?；顚W(xué)活用用make短語填空(1)EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand________jokes.(2)Timeislimitedandthereforewemust________________________it.(3)TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto________it________.(4)It________forustobringinsomeexpertstohelpusdealwiththecomplicatedproblem.答案：(1)makingup

(2)makethemostof

(3)make;out

(4)made/makessense5．inparticular尤其；特別①Helovessciencefictioninparticular.他特別喜愛科幻小說。②Itwasagoodconcert—Ienjoyedthelastsonginparticular.那是場不錯(cuò)的音樂會(huì)——我尤其喜歡最后的那首歌。知識(shí)拓展beparticular(about/oversth.)講究；挑剔①Sheisparticularabout/overwhatsheeats.她過分講究吃。②Chinesepeopleareparticularabout/overthefeelingsandconfidencethatclothesbringout.中國人講究：穿出感覺來，穿出自信來。比較網(wǎng)站inparticular,especiallyinparticular介詞短語常用于anyone/anything/anywhere/noone/nothing/nowhere等不定代詞后面，有時(shí)也可置于所修飾的名詞前。especially副詞，通常用來修飾介詞短語或從句，但也可用于名詞前，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。①Peterwaslyingonthesofadoingnothinginparticular.彼得躺在沙發(fā)上，無所事事。②Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.噪音令人討厭，尤其當(dāng)你想睡覺的時(shí)候?；顚W(xué)活用選用inparticular/especially填空(1)Ilovethecountry,________inspring.我喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，尤其是在春天。(2)Therisingsunis________beautifultolookatfromthisangle.旭日從這個(gè)角度看起來特別美。(3)Isthereanything________you'dlikefordinner?晚飯你想吃點(diǎn)什么特別的嗎？答案：(1)especially

(2)especially

(3)inparticular1.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplewritepoems.人們寫詩有著各種各樣的理由。名詞reason后面可以接why/forwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中，why還可以省略。如：①Thisisthereasonforwhich/whyhewasputinprison.這就是他為什么被關(guān)起來的原因。②Isthisthereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？③Doyouknowthereasonwhyhecamelate?你知道他遲到的原因嗎？④Thereason(why)hediedyoungwashisinattentiontohealth.他早死的原因是他不注意自己身體的健康。知識(shí)拓展(1)名詞reason后面還可以接that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，此時(shí)定語從句句子成分不完整，通常缺少賓語或主語。Thisisthereason(that)shegavemefordoingit.這是她給予我做這件事的理由。(2)句子的主語為thereason時(shí)，表語從句通常采用that引導(dǎo)，表示原因，有時(shí)可以使用連詞because.ThereasonwhyI'mlateisthat/becauseImissedthebus.我遲到的原因是沒趕上公共汽車。(3)名詞reason后面可以接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。Wearen'tgoing,forthesimplereasonthatwecan'taffordit.我們不去，原因很簡單：我們負(fù)擔(dān)不起。(4)名詞reason后面可以接for(doing)sth.。Thereasonforherabsencewasthatshewasill.她之所以缺席是因?yàn)樗×恕１容^網(wǎng)站reason,cause和excuse(1)reason指正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?，常與介詞for連用。Theteacherisaskingaboutherreasonforleaving.老師正在詢問她離開的理由。(2)cause指自然性的原因，常用于指大火、洪水、交通事故等的起因，常與介詞of連用。Theheavyrainwasthecauseoftheflood.大雨是導(dǎo)致洪水的原因。(3)excuse用作名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)“借口”的含義，常與介詞for連用。Toomuchworkisnoexcusefornotgoingtoseeparents.工作太忙不是不回家的借口?；顚W(xué)活用(1)Therewasnoreason________youthrewtheinkbottleontheroad.A．why B．whatC．that D．which答案：A

why引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞reason。句意為“你沒有理由把墨水瓶扔在路上”。(2)Thereason______theirfailureyouknowis________theydidn'tgetfullypreparedfortheexperiment.A．why;that B．that;whyC．for;that D．why；why答案：C題意：你知道，實(shí)驗(yàn)失敗的原因在于他們沒有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。當(dāng)主語為名詞thereason時(shí)，表語從句只能采用that來引導(dǎo)，表示原因。此外，由于theirfailure為名詞，所以不需要連詞why而采用介詞for。2．Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.有些詩是為了敘事，或者說是描述某件事并給讀者以強(qiáng)烈的印象。而有些詩則是為了傳達(dá)某種情感。thatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression是that引導(dǎo)的定語，修飾先行詞away。當(dāng)way作先行詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有三種形式：(1)inwhich；(2)that；(3)省略關(guān)系詞。如：①Thewayinwhichheexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.他向我們解釋句子的那種方法不難理解。②Theway(that)youtoldmeisthesameashedid.你告訴我的那種方式和他告訴我的一樣。③Idon'tlikethewayyoutalktome.我不喜歡你跟我談話的方式?；顚W(xué)活用(1)Idon'tliketheway________heoftenusestospeaktome.A．inwhich B．howC．which D．what答案：C本題考查定語從句。先行詞theway在定語從句中作uses的賓語，因此要用which/that引導(dǎo)，故選C。(2)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.A．theway B．inthewaythatC．intheway D．thewaywhich答案：A句意：讓我吃驚的不是他說的話，而是他說話的方式。but是并列連詞，其后的成分應(yīng)該和whathesaid相同，作表語，所以用名詞短語theway；theway由后面的定語從句來修飾，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞theway在從句中作方式狀語，關(guān)系詞可用that或inwhich或省略，故選A。3．Thepoemmaynotmakesenseandevencontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.童謠不一定有什么意義，甚至(有的)看來自相矛盾，但是它們?nèi)菀讓W(xué)，也容易背。在theyareeasytolearnandrecite中，不定式tolearnandrecite采用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。不定式修飾作表語或補(bǔ)足語的形容詞時(shí)，如果和句子的主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的“動(dòng)賓”關(guān)系，不定式通常采用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義；這是因?yàn)榭梢钥醋靼裦orsb.給省略了。常見的形容詞有：easy,difficult,hard,expensive,convenient,impossible,interesting,pleasant,comfortable,nice,dangerous,fit,bad,good等。如：①Somebooksareinterestingtoread,butboringtolearn.有些書讀起來很有趣，但學(xué)起來很乏味。②Englishisdifficulttolearnwellinashorttime.英語難以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)好。③Lookingthroughthebook,hefounditdifficulttounderstand.瀏覽了一下這本書，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書的內(nèi)容很難懂。④Theyfoundthesubjecthardtounderstand.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)題目很難理解。⑤Thiswaymadetheproblemeasytounderstand.這種方法使這個(gè)問題容易理解了。活學(xué)活用Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood________.A．tobebreathed B．tobreatheC．breathing D．beingbreathed答案：B句意為“夏天我喜歡早起。早上的空氣聞起來好極了”。這是一個(gè)“主語＋be＋adj.＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)，排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。注意在這種句式中如果主語與不定式動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。4．Somerhyme(likeB)whileothersdonot(likeC)．有些詩押韻(像B)，但也有些不押韻(像C)。while在本句中表示對(duì)比，意思是“而，然而”。①Sheisverytall,whilehersisterisveryshort.她很高，而她妹妹卻很矮。②Ilikeplayingbasketball,whilehelikesplayingfootball.我喜歡打籃球，而他喜歡踢足球。知識(shí)拓展①Whilethereislifethereishope.只要有生命就有希望。②WhileIlikethecolorofthecoat,Idon'tlikeitsshape.我雖然喜歡這件上衣的顏色，但卻不喜歡它的樣式。③Pleasedon'ttalksoloudlywhileothersareworking.別人在工作時(shí)，別那么大聲談話?；顚W(xué)活用選擇正確的詞義A．只要 B．然而C．盡管，雖然 D．當(dāng)……的時(shí)候(1)WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican'tagreewithyou.(

)(2)MywifekeptsilentwhileIwaswriting.(

)(3)Strikewhiletheironishot.(

)(4)Whilethereisawillthereisaway.(

)(5)Theircountryhasplentyofoil,whileourshasnone.(

)答案：(1)C

(2)D

(3)D

(4)A

(5)B5．Andsaidthoughstrangetheyallweretrue.雖奇怪，但也把實(shí)情報(bào)。該句said后跟了一個(gè)賓語從句，該賓語從句又是一個(gè)含讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句。在該復(fù)合句中，thoughstrange是省略結(jié)構(gòu)。有些表示時(shí)間、條件、方式或讓步等的狀語從句，如果謂語含有be的某種形式，主語又和主句中的主語一致，或者主語是it，常把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分(特別是be動(dòng)詞)省略。如：①Lookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.穿過街道時(shí)當(dāng)心車輛。②If(itis)so,youmustgobackandgetit.如果是這樣的話，你必須回去把它拿來。③While(Iwas)waitingforyou,IwaswatchingTVinthehall.我邊等你邊在大廳里看電視。④Sheadvisedmenottosayanythingunless(Iwas)asked.她勸我什么都別說，除非有人問我?；顚W(xué)活用(1)Generallyspeaking,if________(hide)strictlyfollowingtheinstructions,theelectricbikeisnotasdangerousasreported.A．hide B．hidingC．hidden D．hide(2)補(bǔ)全句子—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?—Yes,________(如果可能的話)，I'mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.答案：(1)C此題中ifriddenstrictlyfollowingtheinstructions是iftheelectricbikeisriddenstrictlyfollowingtheinstructions的省略形式。由于theelectricbike和ride之間為被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，故選C項(xiàng)。(2)ifpossible6．Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom,studentsmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsoftheirown.有了這么多可供選擇的詩歌類型，學(xué)生們最終也許想自己作詩了。withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中擔(dān)任原因狀語?！皐ith＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中還可以擔(dān)任定語。作狀語時(shí)表示伴隨情況或者原因。此外，在“with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，補(bǔ)足語成分可以是現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式，介詞短語，形容詞或副詞等。(1)with＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)①Whenmotherwentintothehouse,shefoundherbabywassleepinginbed,withhislipsmoving.當(dāng)媽媽走進(jìn)房子的時(shí)候，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的孩子正睡在床上，嘴唇一直在動(dòng)。②Myauntlivesintheroomwiththewindowsfacingsouth.我姑媽住在那間窗戶朝南開的房間。(2)with＋賓語＋過去分詞(短語)①Withmoreandmoreforestsdamaged，someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.由于越來越多的森林遭到破壞，一些動(dòng)植物正面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。②Withhislegsbroken,hehadtolieinbedforalongtime.他雙腿都斷了，只得長時(shí)間躺在床上。(3)with＋賓語＋不定式(短語)①Withsomanychildrentolookafter,thenurseisbusyallthetime.有這么多的孩子需要照顧，保育員一直都很忙。②Withalotofpaperstocorrect,Mr.Lididn'tattendtheparty.李老師有許多試卷需要批改，所以沒有參加聚會(huì)。③WithLiPingtohelpus，I'msurewecanfinishourtask.有李平來幫助我們，我敢肯定我們一定能完成任務(wù)。(4)with＋賓語＋副詞①Youshouldreadwiththeradiooff.在看書的時(shí)候應(yīng)該把收音機(jī)關(guān)掉。②Withthetemperatureup,wehadtoopenallthewindows.氣溫上升，我們不得不打開所有的窗戶。(5)with＋賓語＋形容詞①Withthewindowopen,Ifeltabitcold.窗戶開著，我感到有點(diǎn)冷。②Itwascoldoutside,theboyranintotheroomwithhisnosered.外面天氣很冷，那個(gè)男孩跑進(jìn)屋子時(shí)，鼻子紅紅的。(6)with＋賓語＋介詞短語①Thewomanwithababyinherarmsisgettingonthebus.懷里抱著嬰兒的那位婦女正在上車。②Johnstartstoworkveryclearlyinthemorningandgoesonworkinguntillateintheafternoonwithabreakatmidday.約翰早上開始工作，中午稍作休息后又接著工作到下午稍晚些時(shí)候?；顚W(xué)活用用“with＋復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子(1)________________(有母親的幫助)，heisgettingonwellwithhiswork.(2)Peoplecan'taffordtobuyexpensivethings________________________(隨著日用品價(jià)格的上漲)．(3)Helikessleeping__________________(開著窗戶)．(4)Helayontheground,__________________(雙手被捆著)．(5)Wecouldseenothinginthedark________________(所有的燈都滅了)．(6)________________(只有兩天了)，wecan'taffordtorelax.(7)Hesatinthechair,__________________________(手里端著一杯啤酒)．答案：(1)Withhismotherhelpinghim

(2)withthepricesofdailygoodsgoingup

(3)withthewindowsopen(4)withbothofhishandstied

(5)withallthelightsoff

(6)Withonlytwodaystogo

(7)withaglassofbeerinhishand課堂達(dá)標(biāo)驗(yàn)收Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．The________(模式)offamilylifehasbeenchangingoverrecentyears.2．Iusedtohatebeing________(取笑)aboutmyredhair