SAT巔峰詞匯1600詞配套PPT北美-PSAT1

玩北美0305subcomponentn.亞成分【助記】【例句】Upontakingovertheeditor’sdeskatGoldStar,Sammy’sfirstmovehadbeentoclearoutmanyofthesubcomponentswholitteredthestaffthere.Itwasaboldandnecessarystep,butitlefthimwithanacuteshortageofartists,inparticularofinkers.litterv.把…弄得亂七八糟【助記】【例句】Theylitteredthelandwithscoresofplacenames,includingBatonRouge(redstick),TerreHaute(highland),DesMoines(somemonks),andGrandTeton(bigbreast).

arrant

a.完全的【助記】【例句】Tommyhadstartedkindergarten,andRosawasjustbeginningtounderstandthetruehorrorofherdestiny,thearrantpurposelessnessofherlifewheneverhersonwasnotaround,onedaywhenSammycamehomeatlunch,harriedandfrantic,withanarmloadofBristolboard,abottleofHigginsink,andabunchof3brushes,andbeggedRosatohelphimbydoingwhatshecould.harried

a.煩擾的【助記】【例句】HarriedbytheMandansandChippewas,theCheyenne

hadabandonedtheirvillagesalongtheupperreachesoftheMississippiandMissouriRiversinthecenturybeforetheCivilWar.TheSioux,displacedfromtheGreatLakeswoodlandsinthelateeighteenthcentury,emergedontotheplainstopreyupontheCrows,

Kiowas,andPawnees.

frantic

a.慌亂的【助記】【例句】Smaller“l(fā)uckystrikes”drewfranticgold-andsilverseekersintoMontana,Idaho,andotherwesternstates.Boomtowns,knownas“Helldorados,”sproutedfromthedesertsandslikemagic.

anarmloadof

一堆【助記】【例句】reign

n.統(tǒng)治時期【助記】【例句】

ThelongreignofRepublicanpoliticaldominancethatit

usheredinwasaccompaniedbydiminishingvoterparticipationinelections,theweakeningofpartyorganizations,andthefadingawayofissueslikethemoneyquestionandcivil-servicereform,whichcametobereplacedbyconcernforindustrialregulationandthe

welfareoflabor.

commence

v.開始【助記】【例句】

NorthVietnamshortlyagreedtocommencenegotiationsinParis.

unreflective

a.草率的【助記】【例句】Itwasworkdoneinakindofunreflectivecrisismode—butafterawhile,sherealizedthatshehadbeguntocraveintenselythedayswhenSammyhadsomethingforhertodo.

layoutn.設(shè)計【助記】【例句】ThelayoutofBellegrovereflectstheorganizationofproductionaswellasthesocialrelations

onasugarplantation.

considerable

a.相當(dāng)大的【助記】【例句】Possessingaconsiderablestandingarmy,heavilyoverstaffedwithgenerals,theyboastedofinvadingtheUnitedStates,freeingtheblackslaves,andlassoingwholeregimentsofAmericans.

cookup

v.編造【助記】【例句】Defensivewarswerestillpermitted,andwhatschemingaggressorcouldnotcookupanexcuseofselfdefense?

genre

n.類型【助記】【例句】Howdoesthecartoonistusecaricaturetomakehispoint?Whataccountsforthepoliticalcartoon’sspecialpower?Aretherelimitationstothisgenre?

exhume

v.發(fā)掘【助記】【例句】HistroopssecretlydisposedofhisremainsatnightintheMississippi,lesttheIndiansexhumeandabusetheirabuser’scorpse.

gratitude

n.感激【助記】【例句】AmericaowedFranceitsfreedom,theyargued,andnowwasthetimetopaythedebtofgratitude.

undiminished

a.未衰減的【助記】【例句】aspiration

n.渴望【助記】【例句】FourteenPoints,thenewcovenantoutlinedtheaspirationsofthedemocraciesforabetterworldatwar’send.

saintn.圣人【助記】【例句】PennfarsightedlyboughtlandfromtheIndians,includingChiefTammany,laterpatronsaintofNewYork’spoliticalTammanyHall.

immorala.不道德的【助記】【例句】Whenmenbehavedinimmoralorillegalways,womenreformersclaimedthattheyhadtheright—eventheduty—toleavetheconfinesoftheirhomesandactivelyworktopurifysociety.

democratic

a.民主的【助記】【例句】Theywouldirresistiblyspreadtheirupliftingandennoblingdemocraticinstitutionsoveratleasttheentirecontinent,andpossiblyoverSouthAmericaaswell.

slayvi.殺害【助記】【例句】demoralizev.使士氣低落【助記】【例句】Clevelandhadmadefinancialprovision.Democraticeldersweredemoralized.TheyhurriedtoClevelandandurgedhimtolielikeagentleman,buttheirruggedlyhonestcandidateinsisted,“Tellthetruth.”

ennoblev.使…高貴【助記】【例句】Andthisstruggleitselfgivesmeaningtoourlifeandennoblesourdying.

chainv.囚禁

【助記】【例句】

AcloseandruthlesscompetitorwastheyouthfulWilliam

RandolphHearst,whohadbeenexpelledfromHarvardCollegeforacrudeprank.AbletodrawonhisCaliforniafather’sminingmillions,heultimatelybuiltupapowerfulchainofnewspapers,beginningwiththeSanFranciscoExaminerin1887.

vineyardn.葡萄園【助記】【例句】ButbackinEngland,thehighlyorthodoxArchbishopLaudsnortedthattheBayColonyPuritanswere“swinewhichrootedinGod’svineyard.”

fleev.逃離【助記】【例句】

BesiegingaPequotvillageonConnecticut’sMysticRiver,EnglishmilitiamenandtheirNarragansettIndianalliessetfiretotheIndianwigwamsandshotthefleeingsurvivors.

retaliationn.報復(fù)【助記】【例句】Treatyof1778.Frenchwarships,inretaliation,beganto

seizedefenselessAmericanmerchantvessels,altogetheraboutthreehundredbymid-1797.

compassionn.同情【助記】【例句】physicallyfrailwomanafflictedwithpersistentlungtrouble,shepossessedinfinitecompassionandwillpower.

ingenuityn.足智多謀【助記】【例句】HahnemphasizestheassertivenessandingenuityofAfricanAmericansincreatingnewpoliticalopportunitiesforthemselvesafteremancipation.

staminan.毅力【助記】【例句】Lincolnneededageneralwho,employingthesuperiorresourcesoftheNorth,wouldhavetheintestinalstaminatodriveeverforward,regardlessofcasualties.

tenacityn.韌性【助記】【例句】Asoldierofbulldogtenacity,Grantwasthemanforthismeat-grindertypeofwarfare.Hisoverallbasicstrategywastoassailtheenemy’sarmiessimultaneously,sothattheycouldnotassistoneanotherandhencecouldbedestroyedpiecemeal.

disciplinen.紀(jì)律【助記】【例句】HisPrinciplesofPsychology(1890)helpedtoestablishthemoderndisciplineofbehavioralpsychology.

belittlev.輕視【助記】【例句】Andwhilewedonotbelittleorunderestimateouradversaries——fortheyaretherichandthepowerfulandtheypossesstheland——wearenotafraidnordowecringefromtheconfrontation.adversaryn.對手【助記】【例句】

ThewonderisthatWashington’sadversary,GeneralWilliamHowe,didnotspeedilycrushthedemoralizedAmericanforces.

cringevi.畏縮【助記】【例句】ToonecongressmanwhoquotedHenryClaythathewould“ratherberightthanbepresident,”Reedcausticallyretortedthathe“wouldneverbeeither.”O(jiān)pponentscringedatthecrackofhisquip.

confrontationn.對抗【助記】【例句】TakingashisdominantthemetheconfrontationofinnocentAmericanswithsubtleEuropeans,Jamespennedaremarkablenumberofbrilliantnovels,includingDaisyMiller(1879),ThePortraitofaLady(1881),andTheWingsoftheDove(1902).chipawayatv.削弱【助記】【例句】Theybegantochipawayattheoldfoundationoftheruralfarmeconomyinordertobuildanewlifeforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.picketn.警戒哨【助記】【例句】Inabloodyfracas,policefireduponpicketsandworkers,leavingtheareastrewnwithseveralscoredeadandwounded.

injunctionn.禁令【助記】【例句】ItsetupapermanentCivilRightsCommissiontoinvestigateviolationsofcivilrightsandauthorizedfederalinjunctionstoprotectvotingrights.

pledgev.許諾【助記】【例句】Althoughhehadpledgedtoeliminateracialdiscriminationinhousing“withastrokeofthepen,”ittookhimnearlytwoyearstofindtherightpen.

hatredn.敵意【助記】【例句】ThroughouttheformerSovietempire,wavesof

nationalisticfervorandlong-suppressedethnicandracialhatredsrolledacrossthevastlandascommunism’srootswerewrenchedout.

brutala.粗暴的【助記】【例句】OnAugust2SaddamHussein,thebrutalandambitiousrulerofIraq,senthisarmiestooverrunKuwait,atiny,oil-richdesertsheikdomonIraq’ssouthernfrontier.

paternalismn.家長作風(fēng)【助記】【例句】

GaryNash,inTheUrbanCrucible(1979),likewisetracedtheriseofacompetitive,individualisticsocialorderincolonialcities,markingtheendofthepatronageandpaternalismthathadonceboundcommunitiestogether.

exploitationn.剝削【助記】【例句】SomehistorianshavecalledthisaggressiveandoftenheedlessexploitationoftheWest’snaturalbounty“ecologicalimperialism.”

unionismn.工會主義【助記】【例句】Whenthewarcame,thetough-fiberedmountainwhitesconstitutedavitallyimportantpeninsulaofUnionismjuttingdownintothesecessionistSouthernsea.

dignityn.尊嚴(yán)【助記】【例句】Slaverywasintolerablydegradingtothevictims.They

weredeprivedofthedignityandsenseofresponsibilitythatcomefromindependenceandtherighttomakechoices.

plumpnessn.飽滿度

【助記】【例句】Rapidbraingrowthduringthefirstyearoflifeisconnectedwithanunusualfeatureofnewbornhumaninfants:theirstrikingplumpness.scrawnya.骨瘦如柴的【助記】【例句】Thesescrawnybeasts,whosehornspreadssometimes

reachedeightfeet,werekilledprimarilyfortheirhides.

anthropologistn.人類學(xué)家【助記】【例句】AsanthropologistChristopherKuzawahasshown,anewbornhumanhasaboutfourtimesasmuchfatasexpectedforastandardnewbornmammalofthesamebodysize.

depositv.存放【助記】【例句】

ThismeasureprovidedfortheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation,whichinsuredindividualdepositsupto$5,000(laterraised).

consolidatevi.鞏固【助記】【例句】Iftheyhadonlyduginandconsolidatedtheirgains,theywouldhavebeenmuchmoredifficulttodislodgeoncethetideturned.

optimala.最理想的【助記】【例句】tisknownthattheoptimaltemperatureforahumaninfantkeptinanincubatorisabout90°F,socoolingcouldbeaproblem.distinctivelyad.區(qū)別地【助記】【例句】Thechangedmoodevenmanifesteditselfinthebirthofadistinctivelynationalliterature.

insulatev.使絕緣（防止熱，電或聲音的進(jìn)出）；使隔離【助記】【例句】ManyAmericansfalselyconcluded,thenandlater,thattheRepublicwasinfactinsulatedfromEuropeandangerssimplybecauseitwantedtobeandbecause,inanationalisticoutburst,MonroehadpubliclywarnedtheOldWorldpowerstostayaway.

savannahn.(熱帶和亞熱帶)無樹大草原【助記】【例句】ApioneerAmericansteamer,theSavannah,hadcreptacrosstheAtlanticin1819,butitusedsailmostofthetimeandwaspursuedforadaybyaBritishcaptainwhothoughtitafire.

subcutaneousa.皮下的【助記】【例句】proposev.提議【助記】【例句】TheproposedWhigtariffalsofelttheprickofthepresident’swell-inkedpen.

exceptionallyad.特別地【助記】【例句】Thiswasanexceptionallyshrewdstrategy,becausethechurcheswerethelargestandbest-organizedblackinstitutionsthathadbeenallowedtoflourishinasegregatedsociety.

cruciala.關(guān)鍵的【助記】【例句】WhattobaccowastotheChesapeake,sugarcanewastotheCaribbean—withonecrucialdifference.

disruptionn.破壞【助記】【例句】AlthoughCopleyhadmovedtoEnglandin1774toavoidthedisruptionsofwar,hehadmaderadicalfriendsinhishometown

ofBostonandsurelyhadimbibedthesentimentoftheageabout“republicanmotherhood”—asentimentthatreveredwomenashomemakersandmothers,thecultivatorsofgoodrepublicanvaluesinyoungcitizens.

polyunsaturateda.〈化〉(油脂等)多重不飽和的【助記】【例句】Abouthalfthebrainconsistsoffat,andababy’sfatreservescontainspecialats—long-chainpolyunsaturatedfattyacids(LCPUFAs)—thatareessentialfornormalbraindevelopment.fetusn.胎兒，胎【助記】【例句】Depositionoffatinthehumanfetustakesplaceonlyduringthelastthirdofpregnancy;almostnofatispresentduringthefirstsixmonths.

bufferv.緩沖【助記】【例句】TheLondongovernmentwasreluctanttoabandonthe

lucrativefurtradeintheGreatLakesregionandalsohopedtobuildupanIndianbufferstatetocontaintheambitiousAmericans.

hindsightn.事后的覺悟【助記】【例句】Hindsightbiasisdefinedasthebeliefthataneventismorepredictableafteritbecomesknownthanitwasbeforeitbecameknown.nominationn.任命【助記】【例句】FollowingWashington’sprecedent,Jeffersonleftthe

presidencyaftertwoterms,happytoescapewhathecalledthe“splendidmisery”ofthehighestofficeintheland.Hestronglyfavoredthenominationandelectionofakindredspiritashissuccessor—hisfriendandfellowVirginian,thequiet,intellectual,andunassumingJamesMadison.

conventionn.大會【助記】【例句】ThemostspectacularmanifestationofFederalistdiscontentwastheill-omenedHartfordConvention.

recapturev.拿回

【助記】【例句】OnthepretextthathostileSeminoleIndiansandfugitiveslaveswereusingFloridaasarefuge,JacksonsecuredacommissiontoenterSpanishterritory,punishtheIndians,andrecapturetherunaways.

appraisaln.評價【助記】【例句】This“orthodox”or“official”appraisalsquaredwiththetraditionalviewoftheUnitedStatesasavirtuous,innocentlandwithanidealisticforeignpolicy.

negligencen.疏忽【助記】【例句】Hindsightbiashasimportantconsequencesforthelegalsystem,particularlywithrespecttonegligence,productliability,andmedicalmalpractice.malpracticen.治療不當(dāng)【助記】【例句】Theyassailedthemalpracticesoflifeinsurancecompaniesandtarifflobbies.

investigationn.調(diào)查【助記】【例句】Thesewedgesintothefederalbureaucracy,howeversmall,gavefemalereformersanationalstageforsocialinvestigationandadvocacy.

forensica.適于法庭的【助記】【例句】arbitrarya.[數(shù)]任意的；武斷的；專制的【助記】【例句】SomeofthemapprovedthetransferbutdecriedRoosevelt’ssecretiveandarbitrarymethods.

focala.焦點的【助記】【例句】AfocalpointwasChicago,hometoabouteightythousandKnights.

mishapn.不幸事故【助記】【例句】Britainwasoperatingsome3,000milesfromitshomebase,anddistanceaddedgreatlytothedelaysanduncertainties

arisingfromstormsandothermishaps.

empiricala.經(jīng)驗主義的【助記】【例句】Asempiricalstudieshaveshown,however,hindsightbiasroutinelyafflictsjudgmentsofadefendant’spastconduct.

afflictv.使苦惱【助記】【例句】physicallyfrailwomanafflictedwithpersistentlung

trouble,shepossessedinfinitecompassionandwillpower.

prospervi.使……繁榮【助記】【例句】Theyprosperedreasonablywelluntil1846,whentheylostbyfirealargenewcommunalbuildingshortlybeforeitscompletion.

interpretationn.解釋

【助記】【例句】This“madeinNewEngland”interpretationdominatedthewritingofAmericanhistoryuntilthecloseofthenineteenthcentury,whenpressurefornationalreconciliationovercameregionalbias.

embracev.接受【助記】【例句】Morerecently,historiansNancyHewittandLoriGinzberghavechallengedtheassumptionthatallwomenreformersembracedasingledefinitionoffemaleidentity.

appropriatea.適當(dāng)?shù)摹局洝俊纠洹緽ysuchtactics“Czar”Reedutterlydominatedthe“BillionDollar”Congress—thefirstinhistorytoappropriatethatsum.

retrievev.恢復(fù)【助記】【例句】HewasstungbycertainRepublicancharges,includingcriticismthathehadsentaU.S.NavydestroyertoretrievehispetScottiedog,Fala.

foresightn.先見【助記】【例句】TheforesightoftheFoundersincraftingasystemofelectionsandcourtsstoodreaffirmedforthenewcentury,althoughtheimbrogliounquestionablydemonstratedtheneedformodernizedandnationallyuniformballotingprocedures.

entrepreneurn.企業(yè)家

【助記】【例句】AndrewCarnegie,“Wealth,”*NorthAmericanReview(June1889),givesthephilosophyoftheGildedAge’sgreatestentrepreneur.

crevicen.裂隙【助記】【例句】AjourneytotheMarianaTrench,thedeepestcreviceonEarth’ssurface,revealsthegreatPacifictectonicplatedescendingdeepintotheplanetwhereitrecyclesbackintomantlerock.

tectonica.地殼構(gòu)造上的【助記】【例句】descendv.下降【助記】【例句】AmericanpioneerstalkedwildlyofdescendinguponNewOrleans,riflesinhand.

subductionn.俯沖【助記】【例句】Thisrecyclingofoldtectonicplate,calledsubduction,drivesplatetectonicsandisnothingnewtoscientists,butexactlywhentheprocessgotstartedisahotdebate.remnantn.剩余

【助記】【例句】Byremovingvirtuallythelastremnantofsignificant

EuropeanpowerfromtheNorthAmericancontinent,theUnitedStateswasnowatlibertytodisengagealmostentirelyfromtheancientsystemofOldWorldrivalries.

lavan.火山所噴出的熔巖【助記】【例句】brinya.海水的

【助記】【例句】Thismeantthattheymusthavemixedwithbrinyfluidssqueezedupthroughsubductionzonesandonlythere.

submersiblen.潛水器，深潛器，潛艇【助記】【例句】MarkReagan,ageologistattheUniversityofIowawhohastakensubmersiblesintothetrenchfivetimesasdeepas6500meters,confirmedRushmerandTurner’ssuspicions.suspicionn.懷疑【助記】【例句】Theoldsuspicionofpoliticalpartiesasillegitimatedisruptersofsociety’snaturalharmonygavewaytoanacceptance

ofthesometimeswildcontentiousnessofpoliticallife.

slabn.平板【助記】【例句】Thekeyisinhowricksandtheirchemistrychangewitheachsuccessivelayer.Astheoceanicslabdescends,magmabeginsrisingupanderuptsonthesurfaceinlayersatoponeanother,creatingarisingsequenceofigneousrocks.

eruptvi.噴出【助記】【例句】TheBankWareruptedin1832,whenDanielWebsterandHenryClaypresentedCongresswithabilltorenewtheBankoftheUnitedStates’charter.

atopad.在頂上【助記】【例句】TheirpresenceinthecampsandtheirperseveranceagainstalloddsconvincedmanyNorthersoldiersofslavery’sevilsandhelpedputemancipationatopLincoln’sagenda.

igneousa.（指巖石）火成的（尤指火山噴出的）【助記】【例句】bolsterv.支持【助記】【例句】Lincoln,bolsteredbythe“bayonetvote,”vanquished

McClellanby212electoralvotesto21,losingonlyKentucky,Delaware,andNewJersey.

warp

vi.變形【助記】【例句】SherwoodAndersondissectedvariousfictionalpersonalitiesinWinesburg,Ohio(1919),findingthemallinsomewaywarpedbytheircrampedpsychologicalsurroundings.

compellinga.令人信服的【助記】【例句】Asthenationrecoiledinhorrorbeforetheseviolent

scenes,PresidentJohnson,speakinginsoftsouthernaccents,deliveredacompellingaddressontelevision.

contaminationn.污染【助記】【例句】Hepleasedcorporatechieftainsbutangeredenvironmentalistsbychallengingscientificfindingsongroundwatercontaminationandglobalwarming,repudiatingtheKyotoTreatylimitinggreenhousegasemissions

(negotiatedbytheClintonadministrationbutneverratifiedbytheSenate),advocatingnewoilexplorationintheArcticNationalWildlifeRefugeonAlaska’secologicallyfragilenorthcoast,andallowingVicePresidentCheneytohammerouthisadministration’senergypolicyinbehind-closed-doorsmeetingswithrepresentativesofseveralgiantoilcompanies.

timeworna.陳舊的【助記】【例句】Anarroweasterncoastalplain,or“tidewater”region,creasedbymanyrivervalleys,slopedgentlyupwardtothetimewornridgesoftheAppalachians.

bimodala.有兩種統(tǒng)計方式的【助記】【例句】Inparticular,bimodalrespiration—theabilitytoacquireoxygenusinggillsorthroughwetskin——setsmudskippersapartfromtheirpurelywater-basedcounterparts.respirationn.呼吸作用

【助記】【例句】chambern.室，膛

【助記】【例句】InareversalofCortés’streatmentoftheAztectemplesmorethanacenturyearlier,theIndiansrebuiltakiva,orceremonialreligiouschamber,ontheruinsoftheSpanishplazaatSantaFe.

extractv.提取【助記】【例句】Almostovernightanindustrywasbornthatwastotakemorewealthfromtheearth,andmoreusefulwealthatthat,thanallofthegoldextractedbytheforty-ninersandtheirwesternsuccessors.

simultaneouslyad.同時地【助記】【例句】TheUnitedStatesnotonlyimproveditsmoralpositionbutsimultaneouslyhelpeditseconomicposition.

aqueousa.水的【助記】【例句】Onland,bothmodesarestillimportant.Whenleavingthewater,inpreparationforlessaqueousconditions,mudskippersfilltheirgillchamberswithwaterfromwhichtheycanlaterextractoxygen.gilln.腮【助記】【例句】amphibiousa.兩棲的【助記】【例句】RatherthanfighthiswayoutofthesouthernPusanperimeter,MacArthurlaunchedadaringamphibiouslandingbehindtheenemy’slinesatInchon.

tidala.潮汐的【助記】【例句】DuringahurricaneandtidalwaveatSavannah,Georgia,oneofthemwasdepositedeightmilesinlandinacornfield,tothe

derisivegleeoftheFederalists.

mangroven.紅樹林【助記】【例句】swamp

n.沼澤【助記】【例句】

GeneralAndrewJackson,idoloftheWestandscourgeoftheIndians,sawopportunityintheundefendedswamplands.

intertidala.潮間帶的【助記】【例句】Infact,mudskippersthriveinintertidalregionsthataremarkedbyregular,cyclicalchangesinwaterlevels,adjustingtheirrespirationdependingonhowmuchwaterisavailable.localen.場所【助記】【例句】EuropewasamazedtofindatlastanAmericanwithafeatherinhishand,notinhishair.LaterturningtoSpanishlocalesandbiography,IrvingdidmuchtointerpretAmericatoEuropeand

EuropetoAmerica.

reproductivea.生殖的【助記】【例句】Almostfromtheoutset,NewEngland’spopulationgrewfromnaturalreproductiveincrease.

metropolitana.大都市的【助記】【例句】ThefamedMetropolitanOperaHouseofNewYorkwaserectedin1883.Initsfabled“DiamondHorseshoe,”thenewlyrich,

oftenunderthepretenseofenjoyingtheimportedsingers,wouldflaunttheirjewels,gowns,andfurs.

imposinga.壯觀的【助記】【例句】Lateinthewar,andaftersomebruisingpoliticalbattles,Wilsonsucceededinimposingsomeorderonthiseconomicconfusion.

heraldryn.紋章【助記】【例句】armored

a.裝甲的【助記】【例句】Mostspectacularwerethe

lungesacrossFrancebyAmericanarmoreddivisions,brilliantlycommandedbyblusteryandprofaneGeneralGeorgeS.(“Blood’n’Guts”)Patton.

sentinel

n.哨兵【助記】【例句】In1608,theyearafterthefoundingofJamestown,thepermanentbeginningsofavastempirewereestablishedatQuebec,agranitesentinelcommandingtheSt.LawrenceRiver.

illusion

n.幻覺【助記】【例句】Whilegivingvoicetoaspiritofpatriotism,itsimultaneouslydeepenedtheillusionofisolationism.

linger

vi.徘徊【助記】【例句】Afewofficeholders,theircommissionssignedbyPresidentWashington,werelingeringonintotheireighties,drawingbreathandsalarybutdoinglittleelse.

mounted

a.騎馬的【助記】【例句】Tensionmountedassettlersalsofeudedoverconflictinglandclaims.

jousting

n.馬上長槍比賽【助記】【例句】BeforetheCivilWar,theSouthwasinsomerespectsnot

somuchademocracyasanoligarchy—oragovernmentsometimesstagedjoustingtournaments,strovetoperpetuateatypeofmedievalismthathaddiedoutinEurope—orwasrapidlydyingout.

tournament

n.比賽【助記】【例句】BeforetheCivilWar,theSouthwasinsomerespectsnot

somuchademocracyasanoligarchy—oragovernmentsometimesstagedjoustingtournaments,strovetoperpetuateatypeofmedievalismthathaddiedoutinEurope—orwasrapidlydyingout.

lance

n.長矛【助記】【例句Settingupbroadgoals,theembattledKnightsrefusedtothrusttheirlanceintopolitics.

opponent

n.對手【助記】【例句】OpponentsofannexationarguedthatsuchastepwoulddishonorandultimatelydestroyAmerica’svenerablecommitmentstoself-determinationandanticolonialism.

hinge

v.用鉸鏈連接【助記】【例句】Thefinalresult,indoubtforseveraldays,hingedonCalifornia,whichWilsoncarriedbysome3,800votesoutofaboutamillioncast.

fluted

a.有凹槽的【助記】【例句】FromthereImovetoanexampleofGerman“fluted”armor,inwhichthemetalishammeredtocreateddozensofuniformlyangledfacets——asurprisinglymodernlook.hammer

v.鍛造【助記】【例句】Awoodenshipprogramwasundertaken,thoughaftermonthsofwar,birdswerestillnestinginthetreesfromwhichthe

vesselsweretobehammered.

extravagant

a.奢侈的【助記】【例句】Thisnewreform,longoverdue,wasdesignedinparttopreventhaphazardlyextravagantappropriations.

ceremony

n.典禮，儀式；禮節(jié)，禮儀；客套，虛禮【助記】【例句】Withappropriateceremony,hesolemnlyandsomewhatnervouslytooktheoathofofficeonApril30,1789,onacrowdedbalconyoverlookingWallStreet,whichsomehaveregardedasabadomen.

matte

a.無光澤的【助記】【例句】OneofthefirstobstaclesthatfrustratedthefarmerswasthethicklymattedsoiloftheWest,whichsnaggedandsnapped

fragilewoodenplows.JohnDeereofIllinoisin1837finallyproducedasteelplowthatbrokethestubbornsoil.

fabricate

v.制造【助記】【例句】essence

n.本質(zhì)【助記】【例句】Inessence,theSpanish-AmericanWarwasakindofcolossalcoming-outparty.

sovereignty

n.主權(quán)【助記】【例句】ThesesafeguardsreservedtherightsoftheUnitedStatesundertheMonroeDoctrineandtheConstitutionandotherwise

soughttoprotectAmericansovereignty.

might

n.威力【助記】【例句】clad

a.穿衣的【助記】【例句】Cladinshiningarmor,tensofthousandsoftheseEuropeanwarriorstriedfromtheeleventh

tothefourteenthcenturytowresttheHolyLandfromMuslimcontrol.Foiledintheirmilitaryassaults,thecrusadersneverthelessacquiredatastefortheexoticdelights

ofAsia.

goggle

n.護(hù)目鏡【助記】【例句】assemble

vi.集合【助記】【例句】Hisnervesfrayed,hewasforcedtowaitintheswelteringbaywhiletroopreinforcementswereslowlyassembledinAmerica.

disperse

v.分散【助記】【例句】TherefugeesweredispersedtoIowa,Illinois,Pennsylvania,NewYork,Washington,andCalifornia.Butthesettlementsites,manyofthemtuckedawayinruraldistricts,offeredscanteconomicopportunities.

venture

vi.冒險【助記】【例句】Acrossthatbridge,probablyfollowingmigratoryherds

ofgame,venturedsmallbandsofnomadicAsianhunters—the“immigrant”ancestorsoftheNativeAmericans.

sustenance

n.生計【助記】【例句