押全國(guó)卷（乙卷）第36-40題：閱讀理解七選五（解析版）-備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語(yǔ)臨考題號(hào)押題（全國(guó)卷）

押全國(guó)卷（乙卷）第35—40題閱讀理解七選五◎試題考點(diǎn)+答題要點(diǎn)◎試題考點(diǎn)答題要點(diǎn)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)指以不同的詞類(lèi)、詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)。重點(diǎn)閱讀選項(xiàng)的前后兩句,鎖定關(guān)鍵詞,查找相關(guān)特征黃］〇定關(guān)鍵詞務(wù)必細(xì)心,仔細(xì)看清楚代詞等關(guān)鍵詞,這是解題關(guān)鍵所在。代詞指代常用代詞有it,they,this,these,them,all等?？吹竭x項(xiàng)前后句中出現(xiàn)的代詞,一定要重視。關(guān)注邏輯有些句子之間沒(méi)有連接詞,能悟出句與句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，是ー種能力。邏輯關(guān)系通常指轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前后句講的是同一主題。關(guān)注句式分句減少了難度,但不可掉以輕心。意義一致有些干擾選項(xiàng)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)符合題目,但與上下文意義不符,要注意區(qū)分。

意義對(duì)等前后句之間的意義是一致的,這是近幾年高考設(shè)題的傾向。包括釋義法、歸納法和邏輯推理法。避開(kāi)干擾主旨概括類(lèi)選項(xiàng)不僅邏輯上能統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文,而且意義上也能全面覆蓋下文,注意繞開(kāi)以偏概全的干擾選項(xiàng)?！蛟囶}題材+全新考法+答題建議◎試題題材全新考法答題建議七選五近3年全國(guó)卷共!0套卷,8套考說(shuō)明文,2021年新高考全國(guó)卷I的記敘文,2019年全國(guó)卷II考查的議論文。七選五語(yǔ)篇選材主題和學(xué)生的生活學(xué)習(xí)息息相關(guān),實(shí)用性較強(qiáng)。①2021年新高考全國(guó)卷I中七選五選項(xiàng)設(shè)置3個(gè)整句，2020年山東卷選項(xiàng)設(shè)置5個(gè)整句,沒(méi)有考查分句部分。②語(yǔ)篇表達(dá)地道,更加強(qiáng)調(diào)熟詞及短句的隱含情感色彩,由此我們可以做出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬇袛?，尋找到詞匯線(xiàn)索。做完題之后一定要將選項(xiàng)代入原文,核實(shí)上下文語(yǔ)意是否連貫，邏輯線(xiàn)索是否清晰合理,詞匯線(xiàn)索是否一致。補(bǔ)全“首、中、尾”,準(zhǔn)解解題考情考法解法高頻考點(diǎn)為位于段中的細(xì)節(jié)句和過(guò)渡句;?？键c(diǎn)為段首或段尾的細(xì)節(jié)句和過(guò)渡句與段首主題句,段尾總結(jié)句偶有考查。2020年4套全國(guó)卷取消對(duì)段落小標(biāo)題的考查,更強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)的理解;2021年新高考全國(guó)I卷也未考査段落標(biāo)題題。①一定要關(guān)注題空前后的關(guān)鍵詞和過(guò)渡詞;②不要只關(guān)注題空選項(xiàng),而忽略了所選內(nèi)容是否與前后句內(nèi)容一致。句子在段落中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同。命題人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三種挖空方式,正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用,來(lái)考查考生的邏輯思維能力。本講從空格位置及所承擔(dān)的語(yǔ)意關(guān)系方面講解做題技法,使考生做題時(shí)靈活運(yùn)用解題技法,游刃有余地解答閱讀七選五。ー、設(shè)空在段首若是針對(duì)段落小標(biāo)題設(shè)空,其呈現(xiàn)形式應(yīng)和其他小標(biāo)題相同,選項(xiàng)應(yīng)短小精悍,多為名詞詞組、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或祈使句。若段落首句設(shè)空,段首句要么與段落標(biāo)題相關(guān)聯(lián),要么是段落主題句,選項(xiàng)要有概括性,要么承接上段,要么是對(duì)下文的概括。思考點(diǎn)（一）段落主旨句某段開(kāi)頭處設(shè)空的常見(jiàn)考查內(nèi)容之一是該段的主題句。考生需要認(rèn)真研讀該段內(nèi)容,尤其是設(shè)空處后面的ー兩句,確定線(xiàn)索句,然后從備選項(xiàng)中查找這些線(xiàn)索詞的同義詞、近義詞或關(guān)聯(lián)詞,一般正確選項(xiàng)與空后第一句在內(nèi)容上是連貫且符合邏輯的,在意義上是緊密銜接的。（典例][2021?全國(guó)卷乙136,ifyou'reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou'rewanderingintosomebody'shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.HowdoyouknowthehostThefirststepistogoexploringIfyouaskthequestionaHowdidyougethere?”BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayWhataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalkingHeorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost解析:本題考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)空后的“ifyouTeoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou'rewanderingintosomebody'shouseforthefirsttime”可知,空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與走出舒適區(qū)或者第一次去別人的家里的做法有關(guān),再結(jié)合下文的“justtoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers”可あ,露面、敢于冒險(xiǎn),嘗試不同的食物以及和陌生人交談是應(yīng)該做的事?！癟hefirststepistogoexploring”（第一步是去探索）是對(duì)這些做法的總結(jié),符合語(yǔ)境。自主解答:思考點(diǎn)（二）承上啟下過(guò)渡句當(dāng)非首段的第一句設(shè)空時(shí),設(shè)空處也有可能是承上啟下的過(guò)渡句。此類(lèi)題目要求考生既要熟悉前文（尤其是上一段）的內(nèi)容,又要結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容,綜合考慮后選擇能使前后段自然銜接的答案。［典例］［2021新高考［卷］38Thefoodiss。deliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.39OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.解析:考查上下文銜接。本題需結(jié)合上段內(nèi)容作答,上一段講到巴黎的食物非常美味,人們不需要吃太多就可以感到開(kāi)心?？蘸笾v述作者和丈夫購(gòu)買(mǎi)食品雜貨時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)巴黎的食物很貴,暗含法國(guó)人因此吃得少,故E項(xiàng)“那不是法國(guó)人比我們吃得少的唯一原因”符合語(yǔ)境。自主解答:二、設(shè)空在段中當(dāng)設(shè)空在段中時(shí),通常考查該空與前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文之間的銜接關(guān)系。常見(jiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系包括7類(lèi):總分關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系和例證關(guān)系。文章中可能出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志性銜接詞語(yǔ),例如first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,whafsmore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething,foranother守。思考點(diǎn)（一）總分關(guān)系［典例］［2021?新高考!卷］Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing（水管）worked.37Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,aOuverturedesportes,“inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit'sashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.Notallthecustomersaretourists.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.解析:本題考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前講到了“和通常的巴黎公寓不同,這里的水管可以使用”,空后一句講到了“我們的公寓樓里甚至還有一部小電梯”，因此空處應(yīng)與公寓或公寓樓有關(guān),C選項(xiàng)講有一個(gè)廚房和舒適的床,符合本段語(yǔ)境。自主解答:增分技巧:文章由段落組成,圍繞中心話(huà)題展開(kāi)。ー篇文章在總體布局上,可以先總后分,也可以先分后總,還可以先總后分再總,它們通常都稱(chēng)作“總分結(jié)構(gòu)法”?！偡纸Y(jié)構(gòu)法”中的“總”是文章內(nèi)容的總體概括,出現(xiàn)在文章的首和尾;“分”是文章內(nèi)容的具體展開(kāi),它實(shí)際上是文章的主體部分。思考點(diǎn)（二）解釋關(guān)系［典例］［2021?全國(guó)卷甲］Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.39.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem一thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.LesspeoplethanthatHoldaclothingswapC?IftwopeoplearecompetingJustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutDonatewhateverclothesareleftoverHaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsTelleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition解析:本題考查上下文銜接?？涨啊癙utdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom",即“在房間的不同區(qū)域放不同類(lèi)型的衣服”,空白處應(yīng)當(dāng)是對(duì)前文如何在不同區(qū)域放不同類(lèi)型衣服的解釋,“讓每個(gè)人都把衣服放在合適的位置”符合上下文語(yǔ)境,構(gòu)成對(duì)前文的解釋和說(shuō)明。自主解答:增分技巧:從邏輯意義上看,句子與句子之間常含解釋關(guān)系,往往作者提出觀點(diǎn),緊接著對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。因此,把握文章結(jié)構(gòu),理清作者表達(dá)的情感至關(guān)重要。思考點(diǎn)（三）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系［典例］［2021?浙江卷1月］Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.32Anysmallinterruption一apricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?Withthreeregisters>thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.解析:本題考查上下文銜接。空前提到食品雜貨店希望將結(jié)賬延誤降到最低,空后提到任何小小的干擾都會(huì)拖慢整個(gè)隊(duì)伍,兩者形成轉(zhuǎn)折,空處應(yīng)明確轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。G項(xiàng)中的busy呼應(yīng)下文的“interruption""holdingupanentireline”,"but”提示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。自主解答:增分技巧:若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn),則空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有:but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless,still,incontrast/comparison,bycomparison等〇思考點(diǎn)（四）因果關(guān)系[典例][2021?新高考卷I]MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.Notallthecustomersaretourists.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.解析:本題考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空白處后提示詞“So”,可知空白處與下文形成因果關(guān)系?？瞻滋幥啊癕yhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.","我和丈夫剛剛在巴黎待了一周”,空白處后提到“所以,我們做的第一件事情就是花大價(jià)錢(qián)租了一個(gè)櫥柜大小、位于六層的公寓”。“我們的目的是看一下在某種程度上我們是否能像真正的巴黎人ー樣生活”可以構(gòu)成下文租公寓的原因,符合本段語(yǔ)境。自主解答:增分技巧:表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有:so,therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult（of）,so/such...that...,sothat...可。思考點(diǎn)（五）對(duì)比關(guān)系[典例]]2017?全國(guó)卷^I]Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou'vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.20Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.解析:本題考查對(duì)比關(guān)系。本段談到要對(duì)自己所做的計(jì)劃記錄、評(píng)價(jià)和調(diào)整?？蘸蟮摹癐fnot”說(shuō)明前面是討論計(jì)劃有效就應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持,如果無(wú)效,就看看其他你可以嘗試的方法。自主解答:增分技巧:若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的對(duì)比比較,則空格處很有可能表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有:while,ifnot,some...others等。思考點(diǎn)(六)并列關(guān)系[典例][2020?新高考全國(guó)卷I]Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.19Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.Dotheopposite.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.F.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.解析:本題考查并列關(guān)系。由空前一句"Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.”及空后一句aAnd...takespractice.“可以鎖定B選項(xiàng)為正確答案,它們之間構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。自主解答:增分技巧:表示并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有:and,first(ly),second(ly),first,then/next,tobeginwith,foronething,foranother(thing),finally/last等。思考點(diǎn)(七)例證關(guān)系[典例][2016?全國(guó)卷I]Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels"spelloutthehiddenmessage"Meetme”.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.解析:本題考查例證關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意為“有三種主要的密碼術(shù)”?？蘸蠼又徒o出ー個(gè)例子“你可以通過(guò)拼寫(xiě)每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母來(lái)隱藏信息”。自主解答:增分技巧:例證是指前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性,思維過(guò)程基本是歸納（從例子到觀點(diǎn)）和推理（從觀點(diǎn)到例子）。常見(jiàn)的表示例證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有:forexample,forinstance,infact,asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords,thatistosay等。三、設(shè)空在段尾思考點(diǎn)（一）段落過(guò)渡句當(dāng)設(shè)空在非尾段段末時(shí),也有可能是考查承上啟下的過(guò)

渡句。假如所缺的是段落間的過(guò)渡句,首先可以關(guān)注表示邏

輯關(guān)系的銜接詞,再結(jié)合詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等原則進(jìn)行答案的選擇。［典例］［2021?浙江卷1月JYourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwate匚Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefront,andchoosethelinethatlooksfastest.Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftotheparkinglot.31Itturnsout,itsjustmathworkingagainstyou；chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.解析:本題考查上下文銜接。上文描述了你排隊(duì)結(jié)賬時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)自己排的隊(duì)伍總是比別的隊(duì)伍慢這ー現(xiàn)象,下文的"Itturnsout”“chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster”點(diǎn)明了結(jié)論,所以空處應(yīng)為對(duì)該現(xiàn)象提出的疑問(wèn)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)來(lái)看,只有A項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與結(jié)論的內(nèi)容相匹配,起到上下文銜接的過(guò)渡作用。自主解答:思考點(diǎn)（二）補(bǔ)充信息句段末設(shè)空還有可能是對(duì)前文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,這時(shí)要選擇補(bǔ)充性

的語(yǔ)句。［典例］［2021?全國(guó)卷乙］38.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtocmnkorwon'tstoptalking?Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺(tái)）.Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.HowdoyouknowthehostThefirststepistogoexploringIfyouaskthequestionaHowdidyougethere?”BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost解析:本題考查對(duì)前文的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。E項(xiàng)“或者把談話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)向ー個(gè)他們幾乎無(wú)話(huà)可說(shuō)的話(huà)題”承接空前的“Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation,給出「另ー種選擇,屬于信息補(bǔ)充,符合語(yǔ)境。自主解答:思考點(diǎn)（三）總結(jié)句當(dāng)設(shè)空在段尾時(shí),通常是結(jié)論性、概括性語(yǔ)句,是對(duì)上文的概括總結(jié)。如果缺的是結(jié)論性、概括性的語(yǔ)句,考生應(yīng)快速瀏覽七個(gè)備選項(xiàng),注意選項(xiàng)中是否出現(xiàn)表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信息詞,如so,therefore,asaresult,inshort,inaword,allinall等詞或短語(yǔ),快速縮小選擇范圍,再根據(jù)段落主題一致原則,從而確定正確選項(xiàng)。［典例］［2020?全國(guó)卷1（Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39A.Feelingupsetagain?Wheredoyoustart?Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.Remember,youareonlyhuman.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?解析:本題考查段落總結(jié)句。由本段首句可知本段主題是“認(rèn)識(shí)到你所有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”,段中列舉了一些小的成績(jī),如有了一份工作,拿到了學(xué)位等,段尾對(duì)這些成績(jī)做了一下總結(jié):沒(méi)有什么事情太小而不值得慶祝。自主解答:參考答案思考點(diǎn)（一）答案:B思考點(diǎn)（二）答案:E二ゝ思考點(diǎn)（一）答案：C思考點(diǎn)（二）答案:F思考點(diǎn)（三）答案：G思考點(diǎn)（四）答案：F思考點(diǎn)（五）答案：E思考點(diǎn)（六）答案：B思考點(diǎn)（七）答案：E思考點(diǎn)（一）答案：A思考點(diǎn)（二）答案:E思考點(diǎn)（三）答案：C注意“重復(fù)信息”,巧妙解題實(shí)際上,“七選五”的題目選擇不是個(gè)個(gè)都難,難就難在其中1?3道特別的題目上,這些題目或是因?yàn)樘N(yùn)含的信息更為豐富,或是選項(xiàng)高度相似,或是邏輯關(guān)系相近,總讓人感到很是糾結(jié)。那么,此時(shí)學(xué)生就要學(xué)會(huì)利用種種重復(fù)信息,達(dá)到抽絲剝繭的效果。微技能1原詞重復(fù)信息原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是指ー個(gè)句子中的關(guān)鍵詞（常為動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞）會(huì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)在文中的其他句子中。這些詞會(huì)以不同詞類(lèi)、詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)。如:“l(fā)ooks”與“l(fā)ooking”“l(fā)ooked"；“go”與“going”“went”等。根據(jù)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣,第一句的賓語(yǔ)往往是第二句的主語(yǔ),或者前后句有相同、重疊的詞語(yǔ)。因此,要學(xué)會(huì)尋找空格前后句句中的相同關(guān)鍵詞。［典例］［2021,全國(guó)卷甲］Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.37.Lesspeoplethanthat,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.38.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new”clotheshome.LesspeoplethanthatHoldaclothingswapC-IftwopeoplearecompetingJustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutDonatewhateverclothesareleftoverHaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsTelleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition解析:本題考查原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。本段空白后“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir'new'clotheshome.”講他們還應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備大量的可回收的袋子,來(lái)把“新”衣服帶回家。其中的“clothes”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是解題提示,同時(shí)“new"表明衣服應(yīng)該是好的,對(duì)應(yīng)G選項(xiàng)中的“clean""ingoodcondition"〇自主解答:微技能2代詞重復(fù)信息

為了避免與上文提到的名詞重復(fù),用不同的代詞指代上文提到的人、事物或

事件。如:it指代單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、句子;they指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞;ones泛指

復(fù)數(shù)名詞。還有反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞等。［典例］［2021?浙江卷1月］Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline-calledaserpentineline——andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.34Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-fbodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.解析:本題考查上下文銜接。前一段提到如果商店中排起了三個(gè)結(jié)賬的隊(duì)伍,那么結(jié)賬時(shí)延誤情況的岀現(xiàn)是隨機(jī)的。本段提到研究人員為解決這ー問(wèn)題,想出了一個(gè)好辦法:讓所有人排成一隊(duì),排在最前面的人到可用的收銀機(jī)處結(jié)賬。F項(xiàng)能很好地承接上文,同時(shí)F項(xiàng)中的thismethod是空后This的指代對(duì)象,代詞重復(fù)是ー個(gè)很好的解題信號(hào)。自主解答:微技能3派生詞重復(fù)信息派生詞重復(fù)信息是指文中選項(xiàng)位置的前后兩句中出現(xiàn)意義相關(guān)的派生詞,因表達(dá)的需要而重復(fù)出現(xiàn)一到兩次,重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的過(guò)程中,上下文存在著邏輯關(guān)系,起著前后銜接作用,這有利于做題時(shí)鎖定關(guān)鍵詞,找出正確答案。［典例］［2021?全國(guó)卷乙］Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊揚(yáng)）.40Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”A.HowdoyouknowthehostB-ThefirststepistogoexploringIfyouaskthequestionaHowdidyougethere?”BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayWhataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalkingHeorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost解析:考查上下文銜接。本段主要講面對(duì)“dinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence”（晩宴殺手:尷尬的沉默）時(shí)應(yīng)該怎么カ、。根據(jù)空前的utheonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊揚(yáng)）’D「知,解決辦法是贊揚(yáng)晚宴的主人,G項(xiàng)“Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost”（他或她是最能感受到這種尷尬的人）符合語(yǔ)境。G選項(xiàng)中的“Heorshe"指代thehost,“awkwardness"同義復(fù)現(xiàn)也是解題提示。自主解答:微技能4同義重復(fù)信息此處的同義多指意義相同或相近的詞、詞組或句子,如room和space〇［典例］［2021?浙江卷1月］Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability：33Soit*snotjustinyourmind：Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C.Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.解析:考查上下文銜接。空前的probability與D項(xiàng)中的chances和oneinthree呼應(yīng),同時(shí)D項(xiàng)與空后一句aSoit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster,,呼應(yīng),符合語(yǔ)境。自主解答:微技能5一反義重復(fù)信息顧名思義,此處指上下文中有互為相反詞義的單詞、短語(yǔ)或者意思相反

的句子。［典例］［2021?全國(guó)卷甲］Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It*sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.?Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.37,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.LesspeoplethanthatHoldaclothingswapC-IftwopeoplearecompetingJustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutDonatewhateverclothesareleftoverHaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsTelleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition解析:根據(jù)本段空白處后文“morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable",超過(guò)5—10人,則無(wú)法控制,可知分號(hào)前后是兩個(gè)相反意義的對(duì)比關(guān)系,根據(jù)反義信息“morethan”,可以推理得知空白處想表達(dá)人太少的含義。自主解答:參考答案微技能1答案:G微技能2答案:F微技能3答案：G微技能4答案：D微技能5答案:APassage1（2021?全國(guó)乙卷?第36—40題）（2021年全國(guó)高考乙卷英語(yǔ)試題） AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.1.,ifyou'reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou'rewanderingintosomebody'shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?9',you'llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalkingto.2.,itcanbringin"Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle"or"Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback."Itjustopensupconversation.3.?Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺(tái)）.Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.4..Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryone

talkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊揚(yáng)）?5..Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn'tthathard.HowdoyouknowthehostThefirststepistogoexploringIfyouaskthequestion"Howdidyougethere?"BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【答案】1.B2.C3.F4.E5.G【分析】本文是ー篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在晚宴上讓自己表現(xiàn)得有趣的ー些方法。根據(jù)上文"it'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty（在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣并不難）”可知,下文應(yīng)主要講述如何在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣。下文“Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.（所以最主要的事情就是去嘗試,去冒險(xiǎn),嘗試不同的食物,和陌生人交談）‘’可推知,本段主要說(shuō)明想在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣,就要勇于冒險(xiǎn),勇于探索。由此可知,B項(xiàng)"Thefirststepistogoexploring（第一步是去探索）''承上啟下,符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。根據(jù)下文"itcanbringin"Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle"or"Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback."Itjustopensupconversation.（它可以帶入"我有這輛破舊的車(chē)"或"我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑話(huà)的瘋子一起乘坐公共汽車(chē)。''它只是打開(kāi)了對(duì)話(huà)）”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是提了一個(gè)不太好的問(wèn)題,只是開(kāi)始交流，但并不會(huì)給人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C項(xiàng)

“Ifyouaskthequestion"Howdidyougethere?”（如果你問(wèn)“你是怎么至リ這里來(lái)的?"這個(gè)問(wèn)題）'‘能夠承接下文,符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)下文’'Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox.Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.（如果你不能拿走他們的酒,你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開(kāi)講話(huà)的地方。如果你是主人,你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么,只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景）'’可知,此處指出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決辦法。由此推知,設(shè)空處提到了一個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題。F項(xiàng)"Whataboutthepersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalking（喝太多酒或一直說(shuō)個(gè)不停的人怎么辦）''正是提出的問(wèn)題,引出下文的解決辦法,符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上文''Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺(tái)）.Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.（如果你不能拿走他們的酒,你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開(kāi)講話(huà)的地方。如果你是主人,你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么,只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景）''可知,本段主要是為解決''喝太多酒或一直說(shuō)個(gè)不停''這個(gè)問(wèn)題提供方法。由此可知,E項(xiàng)"〇rturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay（或者把談話(huà)變成他們沒(méi)什么可說(shuō)的話(huà)題）“是提出的另一個(gè)解決辦法，承接上文,符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上文''Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment.（如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尷尬的沉默，唯一能讓大家再次交談的方法就是贊美主人）”可知，此處指出贊美主人可以緩解尷尬的沉默,設(shè)空處承上啟下，下文"Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.（這蛋糕特另リ好吃，你得告訴我它的一切）”對(duì)主人進(jìn)行了贊美。由此可知,宴會(huì)上出現(xiàn)尷尬的沉默時(shí),最尷尬的就是主人，所以需要贊美主人來(lái)緩解尷尬。G項(xiàng)"Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost（他或她是最能感受到那種尷尬的人）'’承上啟下,符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)Passage2（2021?全國(guó)甲卷?第36—40題）

（202I年高考全國(guó)甲卷英語(yǔ)試題）Swap,Don'tshop!Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn*tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources（資源）tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing（orthrowingoutoldclothing）isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-youYe-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?6..It*sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It*sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.Invite5——10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.7.,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.8..Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome.Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.9..Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem一thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.?Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay"go,"orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.10?,Anddon'tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【答案】B7.A8.G9.F10.D【分析】這是ー篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了通過(guò)衣物交換來(lái)處理舊衣服的方法——衣物交換派對(duì),以及ー些具體的流程。根據(jù)上文"Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?（那么.該如何處理那些堆在臥室地板上的（看起來(lái)）完好但你可能有點(diǎn)厭倦的衣服呢?）”提出關(guān)于如何解決舊衣物的問(wèn)題。下文"It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.（這是扔掉I日衣服、從朋友那里買(mǎi)衣服、同時(shí)開(kāi)派對(duì)的最好方法。）”提到了具體處理舊衣物的方法。所以空白處應(yīng)起承上啟下的作用,承接上文講到的問(wèn)題,啟下提出的方法。因而空白處是提出了一種處理舊衣物的好方法。B項(xiàng)“Holdaelothingswap.（進(jìn)行衣物交換。）”給出了一種處理舊衣物的方法,承上啟下,符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上文"Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.”（邀請(qǐng)5到10個(gè)人,這樣你就有一個(gè)很好的選擇。）說(shuō)明了應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)的人數(shù)。下文"andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable."（可能沒(méi)有足夠的東西可供選擇;多于這個(gè)數(shù)量，它就變得無(wú)法控制。）說(shuō)明多于或少于一定數(shù)量的人數(shù)將會(huì)導(dǎo)致ー些麻煩。所以空白處應(yīng)是針對(duì)下文中的"morethanthat"提出的相反的假設(shè),即少于一定數(shù)量的人。A項(xiàng)“Lesspeoplethanthat"（少于這些人）提出ー種假設(shè)，和下文中“morethanthat"相對(duì)，說(shuō)明人數(shù)不宜太多,也不能太少,符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)下文"Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome."（他們還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備大量的可重復(fù)使用的袋子,把他們的"新"衣服帶回家。）說(shuō)明去的時(shí)候應(yīng)該為交換所得的“新衣服"準(zhǔn)備袋子。G項(xiàng)"Telleveryone

tobringcleanclothesingoodcondition.^^（告訴每個(gè)人帶來(lái)品相完好的衣服。）說(shuō)明去參加衣物交換的時(shí)候應(yīng)該帶完好的衣服,其中的bring和下文中carry相對(duì),都是為交換衣物所做的準(zhǔn)備。下文中的also也是提示詞,并且其中They指代G項(xiàng)的everyone。所以G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上文“Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.^^（把不同類(lèi)型的衣服放在房間的不同地方。）指出衣服應(yīng)該歸類(lèi)放置。下文“Placeaffewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.”（在房間周?chē)艓酌骁R子,這樣人們?cè)嚧r(shí)就能看到衣服的樣子。）提到了放置鏡子的意義。由此可見(jiàn),本段講述的是房間里的ー些具體的做法，所以空白處ー樣要提出人們?cè)诜块g里要做什么。F項(xiàng)"Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots.（讓每個(gè)人的衣服都放在相應(yīng)的位置上。）”說(shuō)明每個(gè)人應(yīng)該按照不同類(lèi)型把衣服擺放在相應(yīng)的位置，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。上文“Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay"go,"orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever."（設(shè)置開(kāi)始時(shí)間。也許你說(shuō)“開(kāi)始”,或者打開(kāi)一首歌,或者無(wú)論什么。）打開(kāi)音樂(lè)或者無(wú)論什么,意味聚會(huì)開(kāi)始。下文"Anddon'tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!"（另リ忘了拿出ー些餅干和水果。記住,這是個(gè)派對(duì)!）講到了聚會(huì)上應(yīng)該提供?些派對(duì)該有的服務(wù)。因而,空白處應(yīng)是承接上文,講述聚會(huì)期間要保持應(yīng)有的內(nèi)容。D項(xiàng)"Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout"（要始終播放音樂(lè)。）承上啟下,說(shuō)明在派對(duì)上要有音樂(lè)，與前文形成意義上的一致，符合題意,故選D項(xiàng)。Passage3（2021?全國(guó)新髙考I卷?第36—40題）（2021年全國(guó)高考新高考I卷英語(yǔ)試題） MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.11.Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.

Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing（水管）worked.12.Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,inperfectFrench.rhatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit'sashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.13.Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.14.OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecomertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency.Youcantellthisbycafeslife.Frenchcafesarealwayscrowded.15.Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously——soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwitha