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OPI新的題目主要涵蓋復雜機場、高原機場、跑道、短窄跑道、沖Whatfactorsmaycausetheaircrafttooverruntherunwayafterlanding?Therearemanyfactorsmaycausetheaircrafttooverruntherunwayafterlanding,suchasstrongtrailwind,windshear,aircraftweightoverthelimits,contaminatedrunway,poorbrakingHaveyoueverexperiencedtaking-offorlandingontheshortandnarrowrunways?No,Ihaveneverexperiencedtaking-offorlandingontheshortandnarrowrunwaysforcommercialflight.Butduringtheflighttraininginthefortakeoffandlanding.WhatkindofrunwaysmaybeconsideredasshortnarrowShortandnarrowrunwaysaredefinedaccordingtotheaircrafttype.Generallyspeaking,therunwaydistancelessthan2500meterscanbecalledshortrunway.Therunwaywidthlessthan45metersisgenerallynarrowrunway.Arethereanyrisksorthreatswhenpilotsoperateontheshortandnarrowrunways?Whatarethey?Yes,Ithinkitisdangeroustooperateonshortandofftherunway.So,whenwemaketakeofforlandingonsuchrunways,weshouldbecarefulaboutflightdata,especiallytheaircraftperformanceand andcontroltheaircraftsmoothlyfortakeoffandlanding.Whatshouldapilotdotoensuresafelandingonashortandnarrowrunway?whenwemakelandingonsuchrunways,apilotshouldbepaymoreattentiontoaircraftweight,weathercondition,brakingactionandlandtheaircraftattouchdownarea.Afterrefueling,howcouldyouknowyouhavecorrectamountoffuelonboard?MCDUfuelpagedisplaystheamountoffuel.Iwillcheckthisdatawithdispatchinglist(loadingIfyouencounterfuelleakageduringrefueling,whatwillyoudo?Iwillstoprefuelingimmediay.Thencontactthegroundtoreportthesituationandrequestmaintenanceaction.Ifyouencounterfuelleakageinflight,whatwillyoudo?Followtheproperchecklist;turnofftheaffectedfuelpump;checkfuelbalance.RequestdiversionifWhatfactorsmightbeconsideredincalculatingthefueltyforeachflight?Therearemanyfactors,suchasaircraftweight,distance,wind,cruisinglevel,temperature….Ifyouhave“minimumfuel”situationinwhatwillyouWhenthefuelonboardisbelowrequiredminimums,weneedtodeclare“minimumfuel”.Haveyouheardofanyaccidentsconcerningfuelemergency?Ifyes,pleaselme.Ifno,pleaselmeyourunderstandingabouttheimportanceoffuelcheck.Ithinkitisveryimportantoffuelcheck.Regularfuelcheckcanhelpustoknowtheactualfuelty.Ifthereisfuelleaking,wecanfindtheproblemintime.Itisveryimportanttoavoidminimumfuelsituation.lmeaboutthelegalrequirementsforyouraircraftfuelty?Iamflyingwithaircraft320.AsfarasIknow,TheTotalfueltyincludestaxiingfuel,tripfuel,holdingfuelandreservefuel. Itistemperature,weightandsoon.Howdoyourefuelyouraircraftbeforeeachflight?Itisthedutyofthegroundmaintenancestaff.Wejustlthemthetyofrefueling.Butwemustmonitorthewholerefuelingprocess.Atlast,WhatsafetyfactorsshouldapilotconsiderduringNormally,passengersarenotallowedtobeonboardduringrefueling.Duringthunderstorm,refuelingisprohibited.Generallyspeaking,thegroundstaffisresponsibletoensurethesafetyoperationofrefueling.Canyousaysomedetailsaboutthefueldumprocedureofyouraircraft?Underwhatcircumstancesdoesapilotneedtoexecutefuel-dumprocedures?Whenthelandingweightexceedstheumlandingweight,apilothastocarryoutfueldumprocedure.Whichareadoyouthinkfueldumisnotallowedduringflight?Andwhy?Duringfuel-dum,whatassistancecanATCDoyouthinkit’snecessarytominimizecommunicationsinapproachphase?Yes,generallyspeaking,wearerequiredminimizeunnecessarycommunicationsbetweenflightcrewmembersduringapproachphase.Duringapproach,thecrewsareverybusyincommunicatingwithATC,carryingoutchecklistandmakingpreparationsforlanding.Andalsotheapproachphaseisthecriticalflightphase.Toensuretheflightsafetyisthepriority.5.Howshouldthepilotscooperatewitheachotherbeforedeparture?Beforedeparture,wehavetaskingsharingforcaptainandofficer.Forexample,duringwalk-around,bothcaptainandofficerchecktheexternaloftheaircraft,butusuallyPMreadthechecklistandPFdotheprocedures.Wearealsorequiredtobecross-checked.6.Inabnormalsituations,whatisthetask-sharinglikeamongtheflightcrew?IamflyingwithAIRBUS320.Inabnormalsituation,thetask-sharingisjustlikethis:PFisresponsibleforcontrollingtheaircraftandmonitoringPM’saction.Atthesametime,PMisresponsibleforcommunications,readingouttheECAMactionsanddotheprocedures.Doyouthinkit’snecessarytocarrycross-check?Yes,definiy.Everyonecanmakemistakes.Forexample,whenselectingaltitude,itisverynecessarytoconfirmwitheachotherthatthecorrectdataisselected.Cross-checkisthebestwaytoreducehumanerrorsandenhanceflightHaveyouencounteredanyin-flightequipmentmalfunction?Orhaveyouheardanyincidentaboutit?Ifno,pleaselmewhatin-flightequipmentmalfunctionisreferredto?No,Ihaven’t.ButIhavepracticedmanytimesinthesimulatortraining.In-flightequipmentmalfunctionrefertoon-boardequipmentfailure,suchasWEATHERRADAR,TCAS,GPWS,TRANSPONDERandsoLet'ssupposeifyoulostyourairborneweatherWeatherradarfailureisnotanemergencysituation.I’llreporttoATCthatourweatherradarhasfailed,andrequestweatherinformationonroute.Ifthereisbadweatherahead,requestradarvectortoavoidtheweather.Duringflight,iftheautopilotcannotbeconnected,canyoulmethedifferencesregardingcockpittask-sharing?IamflyingAIRBUS.Therearesomedifferences,butIcan’tputitindetailrightnow.AsfarasIknow,onmyaircraft,ifflyingwithAP,FCUpaneliscontrolledbyPF.Butifflyingmanually,thepanelisoperatedbyPNFfollowingPF’sCanyoulmesomedifferencesbetweenpassengerflightandcargoflight?Iamflyingthepassengerflightandhavenevertriedcargoflight.Inmyopinion,flyingapassengerflightismorecomplicatedbecausetherearemanypassengerfactors.關于品培Haveyoueverhaddangerousgoodstraining?Whattopicsdoyoudiscussduringdangerousgoodstraining?Givesomeexamples.Whatareconsideredasdangerousgoodsinaviation?Givesomeexamples.Doesyourairlineprovideguidelinesforidentifyingorhandlingofdangerousgoods?Doyouthinkitisnecessary?Andwhy?Arelithiumbatteriesdangerousgoods?Whatthreatsmaytheylikelybringtoflightsafety?Doesyourcompanyprovideguidelinesforhandlingcommunicationfailures?Wherecanyoufindthiskindofinformation?Whatwouldyoudoifyouencounterreceiver/transmitter/transceiverfailure?參考答案:IfIencounterreceiver/transmitter/transceiverfailure,thatiscommunicationfailurewesetthetranspondertoA7600andflyaccordingtotheflightplan.MeanwhilewetryblindtransmissiononworkingATCfrequencyand121.5.Wecanalsoaskanotheraircrafttorelaythe 參考答案:Manyhumanfactorsmayaffectgoodlanguageskills,pronunciationandaccent,andflyingexperiences.Whatenvironmentalfactorsmayaffecteffective參考答案:Environmentalfactorsincludeflightphases,equipmentquality,andsoon.Whatcommunicationskillsdoyouthinkmayaffectthesmoothcommunicationsbetweenthepilotandcontroller?Givesomeexamples.參考答案:Inmyopinion,manyfactorsmayaffectthesmoothcommunicationsbetweenpilotandcontrollersuchaslanguageskillspronunciationpoorqualityofthecommunicationequipmentalsomayaffectthecommunication.WhatfactorsandconditionsmayaffectthecompliancewithSOPs?參考答案:Therearesomefactors,suchastimestressimpropertasksharinghumanfactorsandinsufficienttraining.(Forexample,whentheweatherismarginalbuttheflightcrewhastimestress,itiseasytoviolateSOP.)WhattrainingdoesyourcompanyprovidetoaddressandimprovestrictadherencetoSOPs?參考答案:InmyinitialtransitiontrainingwehaveSOPtraininginthesimulatorInrealflight,wefollowSOPduringeveryphaseofflightIfImakemistakestheinstructorwillpointitout.IthinkthisisalsoakindoftrainingtoenhancestrictadherencetoSOP.Whatwouldyouftheotherflightcrewmemberisincapacitated?參考答案:Inthiscase,Iwilltakeoverthecontrolandaskcabincrewforhelp.AtthesametimeIhavetodeclaremedicalemergencytoATCforprioritylanding.Doesyourcompanyprovidejointtrainingwithcabincrewforflightcrewincapacitation?Ifyes,itisnecessary?參考答案YesEveryyearwehavejointemergencytrainingwithcabincrewandthisincludesflightcrewincapacitationIncaseofsuchemergencyIshouldapplythefollowingactions:takeovercontrolandensureasafeflightpathreporttoATCandprovidedetailsabouttheconditionoftheaffectedflightcrewmember;landatthenearestsuitableairport;andIwillaskcabincrewformedicalassistance,suchasprovidingaidandfindingadoctoronboardIthinksuchtrainingisDoyouthinkgoodpracticesaredependentonstrictadherencetoSOPs?Why?YesIthinkstrictadherencetoSOPisthebasisofgoodpractices.StandardOperatingProceduresconsistofinspections,preparationsandnormalproceduresSOPmeanstoensurethatallactionsareperformedinthemostefficientwayIfcrewmembersfollowSOPstrictly,theycanpracticemoreefficientlyandWhatarethepossiblereasonstocausetheaircrafttobeoutofcontrolinflight?參考答案:Therearemanyreasonstocausethestall,flightcontrolsystemfailure,structuraldamage,andenvironmentalfactorssuchasturbulence,clearairturbulence,mountainwave, turbulence,andicing.Duringflightifyouloseflightcontrol,whatwouldyoudo?(eg.Elevator,ailerons,rudder,flaps,etc)參考答案:IfIloseflightcontrolduringflight,IshouldfollowtheabnormalprocedureAlsothereareotherfactorstoconsider.Forexample,forflightwithslatsorflapsextended,fuelconsumptionisincreasedWeneedtorefertothefuelflowindicationThecontrollawsmaychange.Theselectedspeedmustbeused.Astabilizedapproachshouldbepreferred.Theapproachattitudeschange.Approachspeedsandlandingdistancesincrease.Thego-aroundproceduremayhavetobemodified.sureyourflightcontrolswillbefullyfunctionalduringflight?參考答案:Carefulflightcontrolcheckisaverygoodprecautionarymeasure.ThePFsilentlyappliesfullsidestickdeflectionsOntheF/CTLpagethePMchecksandcallsoutfulltravelofelevatorsandaileronsandcorrectdeflectionandretractionofspoilersThePFsilentlychecksthatthePMcallsareinaccordancewiththesidestickorderThePFthensilentlyappliesfullleftandfullrightrudderandthenreturnstheruddertoneutralThePMfollowsontherudderpedalsandmakescallsaccordinglyFullcontrolinputmustbeheldforsufficienttimeforfulltraveltobereachedandindicatedonF/CTLpageAndthenthePMdoeshisflightcontrolcheckssilently.youraircraft?參考答案IflyAirbusA320.Theumaltitudewithflapsand/orslatsextendedis20000ft.Theumelevatordeflectionis30degreesnoseup,and17degreesnosedown.Theumdeflectionoftheaileronsis25degrees.(Theumdeflectionofthespoilersis35degreesforspoilers2,4,and57degreesforspoilers關于跑道以及中斷起Inheavyfog,ifyoumissthecorrecttaxiway,whatwillyoudo?Duringtaxiing,howcanyouavoidtherisksofcollisioninheavyfog?Beforedeparture,ifyoureceiveananonymouscallthatthereissuspiciousluggageonboard,howwouldyoudealwithit?Whatisyourcompanypolicyconcerningsuspiciousbaggagecheck?Whatisrunwayincursion?Whataretypicalexamplesofrunwayincursions?WhatarethepossiblereasonsforrunwayWhatcouldapilotdotoavoidrunwayWhatmightbethereasonsforrejectedtake-Whatwillyoudowhenthewarningalertsaretriggeredduringtake-off?Whatisthetasksharingduringrejectedtake-off?Whoseresponsibilityisittoperformthewalk-aroundinspectionforeveryflight?Isthereaspecificrouteforawalk-aroundinspection?Whatisit?Whatisthepurposeofit?Whichpartsdoyouthinkneedtobecheckedcarefully?Andwhy?Whenyouareperformingthewalk-aroundinspectioninanextremelycoldweather,arethereanythingneededtobemorecarefulabout?.Ifpilotsmakeadecisiontorejecttakeoffduetoenginefire,whatshouldtheydonext?Whatshouldflightcre encounterstrongcrosswindduringlanding?Theflightcrewshouldpayattentiontothewinddirection,windspeed,windshearpossibility,aswellasattitudeandspeedcontrolofthea/c.Ifyouknowthereisastrongcrosswindatthedestinationairport,whatshouldyoubecarefully,Iwillcheckactualandforecastwindreportatthedestinationtomakesurethecrosswindisacceptablereferringtoouroperationstandard.IfIdoneedtolandinsuchwindcondition,Ishouldbecarefulaboutboththeweatherandrunwaysurfacecondition,trytomakeasteadyapproachuntiltouchdown.Ifyounoticethecrosswindexceedsthelimits,butyourcaptainor-officerinsistsinlanding,whatwillyoudo?Thatisimpossible.Noone,neithercaptainnorofficer,wouldinsistonlandingwhenwindconditionexceedslimits.Ifthepreviousaircraftgoesaroundduetocrosswind,whatwillyoudo?WewillconfirmthewinddatawiththeIfthewindspeedstayswithinlimits,wecancontinuetheapproach.Otherwiseweshouldconsidergoingaround.Doyouthinkcrosswindlandingisverydangerous?No,Idon’tthinkso.Crosswindlandingcanbeassafeasusuallandings,aslongasaymoreattentiontothewindcondition,andkeeptheaircraftundercontrol.Ifcrosswindismarginalaroundyourstandard,whatwillyoudo?WewilldoublecheckthecrosswinddatawiththeATCbeforetakeoffandlanding,makingsurethecrosswindisacceptablereferringtoouroperationstandard.Wewillalsochecktheweatherofnearbyairportstochooseasuitablealternateairport,justincaseadiversionesnecessary.whatpreparationsshouldyoumakebeforetakeoff?Airportelevationcangreatlyaffectaircraftperformance.Priortoflyingtoahighelevationairport,weshouldcheckthequalificationsofeverycrewmember,studythewindandtemperatureforecast,confirmtherunwaylength,reviewthego-aroundprocedure,andchooseareliablealternateairport.Ifyoudecidetogoaroundatacomplicatedairport,whatshouldyoubecarefulabout?Weshouldbecarefulabouttheclimbgradient,terrainclearance,hazardousweatheravoidanceandgo-aroundthrustusagelimits.Consideringthedifficultyofanotherlanding,wemayalsoconsiderdivertingtoanearbysuitableairport.Ifyouencounteranabnormalsituationatthehighelevationairport,howwillyoudealwithit?IfweencounteranabnormalsituationatthehighelevationairportwehavetobemorecarefulInthehighelevationairport,theaircraftperformancewillbedowngradedandwehavetotakethissituationintoconsideration.Forexampleifwemeetenginefailureusuallywehavetodiverttoanon-highelevationairport,becausethesingleengineperformancewillnotsatisfythego-aroundWhatwillyoufyouhaveseentherunwaybelowbutEGPWSwarningtriggered?IfIhaveseentherunwaybelowbuttheEGPWSwarningtriggered,IwillevaluatecircumstancesandthenmakeadecisiontocontinuelandingoaroundbecausesometimestheEGPWSwarningcanbewronglytriggeredduetoinaccurateComparingsealevelairportwithhighelevationairport,willtherebeanydifferencesintheaircraft’sperformance?Therearesomedifferencesinaircraft’sperformancebetweensealevelairportandhighelevationairportAtthehighelevationairporttheairdensityissmallersotheliftisreducingtooTheaircraftperformancewillbeArethereanycomplicatedairportsoperatedbyyourairlines?Ifyes,whatkindofairportsmaybedefinedascomplicatedairports?參考答案Yesweareoperatingtocomplicatedairports.Therearemanykindsofcomplicatedairports,suchasairportathighelevation,airportatmountainareaairportwithbusytrafficflow,airportwithspecialprocedures,airportcomplicatedweatherconditionsetc.Arethereanyspecialqualificationsforapilottoflyhighelevationairports?Andwhatare參考答案:Yes,therearespecialqualificationsrequestedforapilottoflyh
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