模塊2 專題1 閱讀理解 第4講 2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件

模塊二語篇能力模塊二語篇能力專題一閱讀理解第4講主旨大意題專題一閱讀理解第4講主旨大意題1高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透2模擬精練·巧押題1高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透2模擬精練·巧押題高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透4考點(diǎn)1標(biāo)題提煉題記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會(huì)考查到標(biāo)題歸納題。設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis“

”．最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備以下三大特征：①概括精準(zhǔn)而簡潔；②針對性強(qiáng)，標(biāo)題外延與文章內(nèi)容恰好相符；③醒目，能引發(fā)讀者閱讀欲望?？键c(diǎn)1標(biāo)題提煉題記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話1．一般文章的標(biāo)題可根據(jù)主題句來判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘文，沒有明確的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，查找文章的“主線”，歸納出文章的主題。2．所選文章標(biāo)題須能概括全文的中心內(nèi)容。標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。為吸引讀者的注意，標(biāo)題往往比較醒目。1．一般文章的標(biāo)題可根據(jù)主題句來判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘一、(2020·全國卷Ⅰ·D)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.一、(2020·全國卷Ⅰ·D)TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，\”explainedMichaelStrano，aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.TheengineersattheMassachusOneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.OneofhislatestprojectshasInthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸)．Inthefuture，theteamhopestGlowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】

CGlowingplantscouldreduceth【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源，在傳輸過程中會(huì)損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C?！窘馕觥繕?biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源二、(2019·全國卷Ⅱ·D篇)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms，liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport，NewYork.二、(2019·全國卷Ⅱ·D篇)HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity，andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案)．“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades，otherthan’Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically，it’s’I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen，attheendoftheyear，presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoaninpersonreview，and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthGordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem，readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.GordonsaystheHUNCHprogram35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA：TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space：TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature：AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH：ACollegeAdmissionReform【答案】

B35．Whatisthebesttitlefor【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目：把高中的教室教學(xué)與太空的研究聯(lián)系起來，使學(xué)生們得到NASA工程師們的指導(dǎo)。因此在選標(biāo)題時(shí)既要有太空，還要有學(xué)生，分析選項(xiàng)可知，只有B能將其完美地結(jié)合起來。故答案選B。【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目：把高中的教室教考點(diǎn)2文章或段落大意題主旨大意題要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文中提取有效信息，概括歸納出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此類題目沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，是對文章深層次的理解。考點(diǎn)2文章或段落大意題主旨大意題要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis

.(2)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/text?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout

.(4)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson

.設(shè)問形式常有：1．定位主題句確定文章大意文章由段落組成，段落的中心思想服務(wù)于文章的中心思想，因此找到每個(gè)段落的主題句，總結(jié)概括后便不難得出文章的主旨大意。一般情況下，段落的主題句通常在該邏輯段落的首尾，但也有些難度較大的試題會(huì)隱含在段落之中，此時(shí)要理解全文結(jié)構(gòu)，找到支撐性細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。1．定位主題句確定文章大意以下為快速找到主題句的5個(gè)小竅門：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(however，but，infact，actually，while，onthecontrary，incontrast等)時(shí)，其后的句子通常為主題句；(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對該句的回答很可能就是主題句；(3)作者有意識(shí)地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞(主旨句通常包含關(guān)鍵詞)；(4)首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設(shè)時(shí)，例子或假設(shè)后的內(nèi)容通常為主題句；(5)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，inshort，conclude，conclusion，thus等詞。以下為快速找到主題句的5個(gè)小竅門：2．根據(jù)不同文體的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作方法來定位主題句(1)議論文主要是論述作者的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，往往采用“總—分”或“總—分—總”的模式，所以主題句常在第一段或最后一段。(2)說明文則是說明一個(gè)事物的用途或制作過程，主題句一般在首段。(3)記敘文一般沒有明顯的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中敘述的內(nèi)容和線索來概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出現(xiàn)說理性的句子，則這個(gè)句子為主題句。2．根據(jù)不同文體的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作方法來定位主題句3．通過暗示揣摩段落大意：有時(shí)，作者不直接寫出主題句，而是通過情感態(tài)度等方法暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題，此時(shí)要根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí)和線索綜合判斷去揣摩并概括出段落大意。3．通過暗示揣摩段落大意：有時(shí)，作者不直接寫出主題句，而是通(2020·全國卷Ⅱ·B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ·B)Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot，ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes，”Levinesaidinastatement.TheresearchersanalyzedvideoTheparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould，andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently，andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls，andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmental

Science.Theparentswereaskedtointe【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。24．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfidence.B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learningself-control.D．Gaininghigh-techknowledge.【答案】

B【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“...foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill.”(在2歲到4歲之間玩智力游戲的兒童在空間能力方面更好。)可知，孩子們可以從智力游戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能。B.Developingspatialskills.(發(fā)展空間能力。)符合以上說法。故選B項(xiàng)?！窘馕觥考?xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“...foundchi25．WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A．Parents’age.

B．Children’simagination.C．Parents’education.

D．Child-parentrelationship.【答案】

C25．WhatdidLevinetakeintoc【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents’income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.”(Levine說，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母談話次數(shù)后，拼圖游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)測。)可知Levine在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)試驗(yàn)時(shí)考慮了父母的收入、教育程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。C.Parents’education.(父母的教育)符合以上說法。故選C項(xiàng)?！窘馕觥考?xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Puzzleplay26．Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A．Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.BTheytendtotalklessduringthegame.C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D．Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.【答案】

D26．Howdoboysdifferfromgir【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls”可知男孩比女孩更喜歡玩復(fù)雜的謎題，即他們可能會(huì)玩難度更大的謎題。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他們有可能玩更復(fù)雜的謎題。)符合以上說法。故選D項(xiàng)?！窘馕觥考?xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“However，bo27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Amathematicalmethod.

B．Ascientificstudy.C．Awomanpsychologist

D．Ateachingprogram.【答案】

B【解析】主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的。B.Ascientificstudy.(一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究。)符合以上說法。故選B項(xiàng)。27．Whatisthetextmainlyabo模塊二語篇能力模塊二語篇能力專題一閱讀理解第4講主旨大意題專題一閱讀理解第4講主旨大意題1高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透2模擬精練·巧押題1高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透2模擬精練·巧押題高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透37考點(diǎn)1標(biāo)題提煉題記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會(huì)考查到標(biāo)題歸納題。設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis“

”．最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備以下三大特征：①概括精準(zhǔn)而簡潔；②針對性強(qiáng)，標(biāo)題外延與文章內(nèi)容恰好相符；③醒目，能引發(fā)讀者閱讀欲望。考點(diǎn)1標(biāo)題提煉題記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話1．一般文章的標(biāo)題可根據(jù)主題句來判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘文，沒有明確的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，查找文章的“主線”，歸納出文章的主題。2．所選文章標(biāo)題須能概括全文的中心內(nèi)容。標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。為吸引讀者的注意，標(biāo)題往往比較醒目。1．一般文章的標(biāo)題可根據(jù)主題句來判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘一、(2020·全國卷Ⅰ·D)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.一、(2020·全國卷Ⅰ·D)TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，\”explainedMichaelStrano，aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.TheengineersattheMassachusOneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.OneofhislatestprojectshasInthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸)．Inthefuture，theteamhopestGlowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】

CGlowingplantscouldreduceth【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源，在傳輸過程中會(huì)損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源二、(2019·全國卷Ⅱ·D篇)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms，liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport，NewYork.二、(2019·全國卷Ⅱ·D篇)HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity，andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案)．“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades，otherthan’Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically，it’s’I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen，attheendoftheyear，presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoaninpersonreview，and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthGordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem，readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.GordonsaystheHUNCHprogram35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA：TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space：TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature：AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH：ACollegeAdmissionReform【答案】

B35．Whatisthebesttitlefor【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目：把高中的教室教學(xué)與太空的研究聯(lián)系起來，使學(xué)生們得到NASA工程師們的指導(dǎo)。因此在選標(biāo)題時(shí)既要有太空，還要有學(xué)生，分析選項(xiàng)可知，只有B能將其完美地結(jié)合起來。故答案選B。【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目：把高中的教室教考點(diǎn)2文章或段落大意題主旨大意題要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文中提取有效信息，概括歸納出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此類題目沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，是對文章深層次的理解?？键c(diǎn)2文章或段落大意題主旨大意題要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis

.(2)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/text?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout

.(4)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson

.設(shè)問形式常有：1．定位主題句確定文章大意文章由段落組成，段落的中心思想服務(wù)于文章的中心思想，因此找到每個(gè)段落的主題句，總結(jié)概括后便不難得出文章的主旨大意。一般情況下，段落的主題句通常在該邏輯段落的首尾，但也有些難度較大的試題會(huì)隱含在段落之中，此時(shí)要理解全文結(jié)構(gòu)，找到支撐性細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。1．定位主題句確定文章大意以下為快速找到主題句的5個(gè)小竅門：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(however，but，infact，actually，while，onthecontrary，incontrast等)時(shí)，其后的句子通常為主題句；(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對該句的回答很可能就是主題句；(3)作者有意識(shí)地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞(主旨句通常包含關(guān)鍵詞)；(4)首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設(shè)時(shí)，例子或假設(shè)后的內(nèi)容通常為主題句；(5)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，inshort，conclude，conclusion，thus等詞。以下為快速找到主題句的5個(gè)小竅門：2．根據(jù)不同文體的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作方法來定位主題句(1)議論文主要是論述作者的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，往往采用“總—分”或“總—分—總”的模式，所以主題句常在第一段或最后一段。(2)說明文則是說明一個(gè)事物的用途或制作過程，主題句一般在首段。(3)記敘文一般沒有明顯的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中敘述的內(nèi)容和線索來概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出現(xiàn)說理性的句子，則這個(gè)句子為主題句。2．根據(jù)不同文體的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作方法來定位主題句3．通過暗示揣摩段落大意：有時(shí)，作者不直接寫出主題句，而是通過情感態(tài)度等方法暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題，此時(shí)要根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí)和線索綜合判斷去揣摩并概括出段落大意。3．通過暗示揣摩段落大意：有時(shí)，作者不直接寫出主題句，而是通(2020·全國卷Ⅱ·B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ·B)Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot，ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes，”Levinesaidinastatement.TheresearchersanalyzedvideoTheparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould，andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently，andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls，andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls