單臺儀表的校準和試驗方案(中英)

單臺儀表的校準和試驗方案1、編制說明：、單臺儀表的校準和試驗傳統(tǒng)稱為一次調(diào)校，即儀表安裝前的校驗，它是在規(guī)定條件下，為確定測量儀器儀表或測量系統(tǒng)的示值、實物量具或標準物質(zhì)所代表的值與相對應(yīng)的由參考標準確定的量值之間關(guān)系的一組操作。其目的是：檢查計分表在運輸途中有無損傷；核對儀表的規(guī)格型號及功能是否符合設(shè)計文件的要求；儀表的精密度是否符合制造廠技術(shù)文件的規(guī)定。因此，它是一項技術(shù)含量高，工作要求細，范圍比較廣的工作。這一工作質(zhì)量的好壞，將直接影響系統(tǒng)試驗和裝置的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量及運行安全，對評價儀表工程的施工質(zhì)量具重大影響。為了保證單臺儀表的校準和試驗質(zhì)量，特編制此方案。、由于工業(yè)自動化儀表工業(yè)發(fā)展很快，新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品不斷出現(xiàn)，故單臺儀表校準試驗工作涉及面極廣，作為方案不可能面面具到。有關(guān)DCS、PLC系統(tǒng)試驗前的功能測試和一些輔助儀表的校準，本方案不再闡述，常規(guī)儀表也只能以常見儀表為例闡述，特此說明。2、編制依據(jù)：、工程承包合同或協(xié)議（具體到文號） 。、儀表設(shè)計施工圖及其它設(shè)計文件。、儀表制造廠提供的技術(shù)文件。、國家現(xiàn)行《自動化儀表工程施工及驗收規(guī)范》及其驗評標準。、根據(jù)該項目的施工組織設(shè)計編制的《儀表工程施工進度計劃》 。、公司質(zhì)量體系文件。、化學(xué)工業(yè)計量檢定人員管理辦法。3、工程概況：、工程特點（含工程名稱、范圍、地點、規(guī)模、特點、主要技術(shù)參數(shù)、主要實物工程量、工期要求及投資等） 。、工程量。（見下表）儀表設(shè)備分類統(tǒng)計表（樣表）序號儀表設(shè)備名稱單位數(shù)量備注溫度儀表包括：①、雙金屬溫度計支②、壓力式溫度計支1③、熱電偶支④、熱電阻支⑤、溫度變送器臺⑥、盤裝溫度儀表臺壓力儀表包括：①、2②、③、流量儀表 包括：①、②、3③、物位儀表 包括：①、②、4③、成份儀表 包括：①、5調(diào)節(jié)儀表 包括：①、6旋轉(zhuǎn)機械量儀表執(zhí)行器4、儀表校準、試驗的程序： （見程序圖）General Procedures for SingleInstrumentation Calibration and Testing(refer tothefollowingprograms):配置合格的計量器具入現(xiàn)場設(shè)備庫（建帳、標位號）

單臺儀表校準、試驗程序圖熟 悉 圖 紙核對儀表選型是否滿足工藝要求核對設(shè)備匯總表與明細表是否吻合設(shè)置合格的 設(shè)置合格的 編制必要的儀表計量器具室 校準間 搬運、貯存方案儀表設(shè)備出庫退貨N通知開箱驗收供貨方制造廠Y現(xiàn)場服務(wù)熟悉制造廠技術(shù)文件編制單臺儀表校準試驗方案技術(shù)交底N單臺儀表校準 標識、隔離Y作原始狀態(tài)和調(diào)整過程記錄N填寫校驗成績單 Y 質(zhì)管員 資料員驗收 存檔貼“產(chǎn)品合格”標識Familiarwithconstructiondrawings防 護ToverifywhetherthedesignedinstrumentmeettheprocessrequirementsToverifywhetherthesumequipmentlistmeetsubdrawings5、校準、試驗方法及質(zhì)量要求：CalibrationandTestingMethodologyandtheQualityRequirement:、一般規(guī)定：GeneralRegulationsandRequirements:、試驗環(huán)境條件：Conditions：儀表的校準和試驗（不含執(zhí)行器）應(yīng)在試驗室內(nèi)進行。試驗室應(yīng)具備下列條件：Thecalibrationandtestingworksforinstrumentations(excludingactuating devices)shallbeexecutedinthedesignatedcleanlaboratoryrooms.Thelaboratoryroomsshallmeetfollowingconditions:a、室內(nèi)清潔、安靜，光線充足，無振動，無對儀表及線路的電磁場干擾。Thelaboratoryroomsshallbeclean,quite,sunlightabundant,withoutvibration,withoutelectronicandmagneticinterferenceforinstrument.b、室內(nèi)溫度保持在 10~35℃。Theambienttemperatureshallbearound10~35℃.c、電源電壓穩(wěn)定，交流電源及 60V以上的直流電源電壓波動不應(yīng)超過± 10%。60V以下的直流電源電壓波動不應(yīng)超過± 5%。Thepowersupplyshouldbestable,thevoltagewavesforalternativecurrentpoweranddirectcurrentpowerabove60voltsshouldnotmorethan±10%,fordirectcurrentpowerbelow60voltsshouldnotmorethan ±5%.d、氣源應(yīng)清潔、干燥，露點比最低環(huán)境溫度低 10℃以上，氣源壓力穩(wěn)定，調(diào)壓設(shè)施完備。Airsourceshouldbeclean,dry,withstableairpressureandwellestablishedregulators.Thedewpointshouldbelower10℃thanthelowestambienttemperature.、儀表校準和試驗用的標準儀器儀表，應(yīng)具備有效的計量檢定合格證明，其基本誤差的絕對值不宜超過被校準儀表基本誤差絕對值的 1/3。Thestandardinstrumentsandmetersforinstrumentationcalibrationandtestingshallhaveeffectivemeteringcertificateofconformance.Theabsolutevalueforbasicerrorsshouldnotbemorethanone-thirdoftheabsolutevaluesforbasicerrorsofthecalibratedinstrumentations、儀表校準和試驗的條件、項目、方法應(yīng)符合制造廠技術(shù)文件的規(guī)定和設(shè)計文件要求，并應(yīng)使用制造廠已提供的專用工具和試驗設(shè)備。Theconditions,items,methodsforinstrumentationcalibrationandtestingshallfullymeetthetechnicalregulationsofvendorsandthedesigndocumentations,andthespecialtoolsandtestingdevicesprovidedbyvendorsshallbeutilized、從事校準和試驗工作的人員，應(yīng)具備相應(yīng)的資質(zhì)和省級以上化工主管部門頒發(fā)的檢定證件，并能熟練地掌握試驗項目的操作技能，正確使用、維護所用計量器具。Thestaffsandpersonnelforinstrumentationcalibrationandtestingshallbequalifiedwithcorrespondingcertification,havecalibrationandtestingcertificateissuedbyprovincialgovernmentdepartmentinchargeofpetro-chemicalindustry,beproficientinoperationskillsfortestingitems,properlyuseandmaintainthemeteringdevices、單臺儀表校準點應(yīng)在全量程范圍內(nèi)均勻選取，一般不應(yīng)少于 5點。Thecalibrationpointsshallbeevenlyselectedwithinfullrangescope,generallytheselectedpointsshallnotbelessthanfivepoints、儀表校準和試驗前應(yīng)對儀表進行外觀檢查，其內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：Appearanceinspectionforallinstrumentationsshallbeexecutedbeforecalibrationandtestinga、儀表的型號、規(guī)格、材質(zhì)、防爆級別等應(yīng)符合設(shè)計文件要求。Type,specification, materialandexplode-proof classshouldbeaccordedwith designrequirement.b、無變形、損傷、油漆脫落、零件丟失等缺陷，外形主要尺寸、連接螺紋符合設(shè)計要求。Withoutdisfigurementsuchasshapedamage,paintingcoatdamage,accessoriesbeloseetc.Mainsizeofshapeandconnectingscrewthreadshouldbeaccordedwithdesignrequirement.c、銘牌標志、附件、備件齊全。Nameplate,accessoriesandsparepartarewhole.d、產(chǎn)品技術(shù)文件和質(zhì)量證明書齊全。Techno-fileandquantitycertificatearewhole.儀表經(jīng)校準和試驗后，應(yīng)達到下列要求：Theinstrumentationsaftercalibrationandtestingshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:a、基本誤差、回差應(yīng)符合儀表的允許誤差Basicerrors,returnerrorsshallwithintheallowanceerrorsofinstrumentations.b、儀表零位正確，偏差值不超過允許誤差的 1/2。Zeropointofinstrumentsshallbeaccurate.Thediscrepancyvaluesshallnotexceedone-secondoftheallowableerrors.c、報警、聯(lián)鎖設(shè)定偏差不超過儀表允許誤差，其設(shè)定值符合設(shè)計文件要求。Thedeviationvaluesforalarmandinterlocksettingvaluesshallnotexceedtheallowableerrors.Therelatedsettingvaluesshallmeetthedesigndocumentations.d、指針在整個行程中無抖動、摩擦和跳動現(xiàn)象。Duringallmeterrangethepointersofinstrumentationshouldbestablewithoutvibration,frictionandjumping.e、可調(diào)部件應(yīng)留有再調(diào)整的余地。Theadjustablecomponentsshallhavesomeadjustableareaandspace.f、數(shù)字顯示儀表無閃爍現(xiàn)象。Noflashingappearancefordigitalindicationinstrumentsshalloccur.g、記錄儀表劃線或打字應(yīng)清晰，記錄紙移動正常。記錄誤差符合儀表精度要求Thelineationrecordsortypingshouldbeclearandreadable,themovementsforpapersofrecordersshallbeinnormalconditions.Alloftheerrorsofrecordedvaluesshallmeettheaccuracyrequirementsofinstrument.、儀表校準試驗后，應(yīng)及時填寫校驗記錄，并要求數(shù)據(jù)真實、項目齊全、字跡清晰、簽字完備，并在表體明顯位置貼上“產(chǎn)品合格”標識和標注位號。Thecalibrationrecordsshallbefilledinontimeaftercalibrationandtesting.Therecordeddatashouldbegenuine,withfullitems,explicithandwritings,completedsignatures.Aftertesting,the“producteligiblealsoshallbemarked

”labelsshallbestuckontheinstrumentbodies,andtagnumbers、校準合格的儀表應(yīng)按公司物質(zhì)貯存程序的有關(guān)要求妥善保管。經(jīng)調(diào)整不合格的儀表應(yīng)通報設(shè)備計劃員和工號工程師會同監(jiān)理、業(yè)主等有關(guān)人員檢查、確認后，退庫處理。ThequalifiedinstrumentsshallbewellstoredandprotectedasperELECOEquipmentStorageProcedure.Unqualifiedinstrumentsshallbereportedtoequipmentplanner,fieldengineer,managementsuperviser,andclient,aftertheirinspectionandconfirmationtheinstrumentsshallbesentbacktowarehouseandbeproperlydealedwith.

’sMa、溫度儀表：TemperatureInstrumentation:、雙金屬溫度計、壓力式溫度計應(yīng)進行示值校準，一般校驗點不少于兩點。Thebimetalandpressuretypethermometersshallbecalibratedasperdisplayedvalues,generallythetestingpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints如被校儀表已指示環(huán)境溫度，可將環(huán)境溫度當(dāng)作一個校準點，另取一個點即可。在二個校準點中，若有一點不合格，則應(yīng)判被校表不合格。該試驗的操作要點是將溫包或雙金屬溫度計的感溫元件與標準水銀溫度計的感溫液置于同一環(huán)境溫度中，注意控制被測介質(zhì)溫度的變化緩慢而均勻。Ifthetestinginstrumentshowstheambienttemperature,theambienttemperatureshallbeselectedasonecalibrationpoint,thenanothertemperaturepointcanbeselectedatyourease.Forthetwoselectedpoints,ifanyoneofthemcannotmeettheaccuracyrequirements,thisinstrumentshallbejudgedunqualified.Theoperationessentialsforthiscalibrationaretomaintainthethermobulbsorthetemperatureelementsandthestandardmerculythermometeratthesameenvironmentaltemperature.Becareoftokeepthetestingmediatemperaturechangeslowlyandevenly.如多支雙金屬溫度計或壓力式溫度計同時校準，應(yīng)按正、反順序檢測兩次，取其平均值。Ifseveralbimetalorpressuretypethermometersarecalibratedsimultaneously,calibrationprocessshallbetwiceasperpositiveandnegativesequences,theaveragevaluescouldbeprocured.、熱電偶、熱電阻應(yīng)作導(dǎo)通和絕緣檢查，并應(yīng)進行常溫下 mv、電阻測試，一般不再進行熱電性能試驗。Conductivecontinuityandinsulationtestsshallbeundertakenandmv-potentialandresistancetestingatambienttemperatureshallbedone.Generally,thermo-electricalcharacteristictestingwillnotbeexecutedforthermometersthemselves.如業(yè)主堅持對裝置中主要檢測點和有特殊要求的檢測點的熱電偶、熱電阻進行熱電性能試驗，原則上不超過總量的 10%。If theclient requirestoexecutethermo-electrical characteristictestingforimportant andspecificmeasuringpointsofthermocoupleandresistancetemperaturediode,theamountoftestingshouldnotexceedtenpercentofgross.熱電偶、熱電阻熱電特性的允許誤差分別見表 1、表2。Allowableerrorofthermocoupleandresistancecharacteristicisflowingtable1and2常用熱電偶允許誤差表表一：AllowableerrorofgeneralthermocoupleTable1分度號級別使用溫度范圍（℃）允許偏差技術(shù)標準號graduationrangeofusingstandardclass（℃）allowableerrornumbertemperaturecodeⅠ0~1100±11100~1600±[1+(t-1100)×]SJJG141-830~600±Ⅱ600~1600±%tⅠ-40~1100±℃或±%tKⅡ-40~1300±或±%tGB2614-85Ⅲ-200~40±或±%tEⅠ-40~800±或±%tGB4993-85Ⅱ-40~900±或±%tⅢ-200~40±或±%tⅠ-40~350±或±%tTⅡ-40~350±或±%tGB2903-82Ⅲ-200~40±或±%tJⅠ-40~750±或±%tGB4994-85Ⅱ-40~750±或±%t注：①、t為被測溫度；②、允許偏差以℃或?qū)嶋H溫度的百分數(shù)表示，應(yīng)采用其中計算數(shù)值較大的值（分度號為S的熱電偶除外）。Note：①、tistemperaturebemeasured；②、Allowableerrorisdenotebymeansof℃orpercentofpracticalityrealtemperature（exceptforthermocouplewhichgraduationnumberisS）常用熱電阻允許誤差值A(chǔ)llowableerrorofgeneralresistance表二：table2名稱name級別class分度號R0（Ω）允許誤差（℃）allowableerror鉑熱電阻A級Pt1010±+|t|)resistanceClassAPt100100±+|t|)madeofB級Pt1010±+|t|)platinumClassBPt100100±+|t|)銅熱電阻Cu5050±+|t|)resistancemadeofcopperCu100100±+|t|)注：①、R0為0℃時的標準電阻；②、t為被測溫度；Note：①、R0isstandardresistancevalueatthetemperatureis0℃②、tisthetemperaturethat bemeasured、動圈儀表的校驗應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Testofwind-movedinstrumentshouldbeaccordedwithflowingrequirementa、儀表的試驗項目應(yīng)包括：示值基本誤差、回差、傾斜誤差、設(shè)定點偏差。配熱電偶的動圈儀表還應(yīng)進行“斷偶保護”試驗。Testingitemincludebasicerror,returnerror,gradienterror,settingvalueerror.Thewind-movedinstrumentmountedthermocoupleshouldbetestedthatdisconnectthermocouple.b、配熱電偶的動圈校驗時，在測量回路中應(yīng)加儀表規(guī)定外阻±Ω的外接電阻，配熱電阻的動圈儀表應(yīng)做三個外接電阻同增同減的示值誤差試驗。如附加誤差很小，經(jīng)業(yè)主同意可取消外接電阻，但校準時從標準電阻箱到儀表的連接應(yīng)選用同截面、同長度的多股銅芯塑料線。Connecttheallowableresistancethatitserroris±Ωintestingloopwhentestforthewind-movedinstrumentmountedthermocouple,andtestfor3times.Disconnecttheexcessresistanceapprovedbyowneriftheerrorisverysmall,butmulticopper-coreplasticwirewhichsamesectionareaandsamelengthshouldbeusedwherestandardresistanceboxtoinstrument.c、傾斜誤差試驗在上限值、下限值兩個刻度線上進行，但對有前置放大器的儀表，可在量程的 10%、90%兩點附近進行。傾斜角度為 50~100，傾斜方向為前、后、左、右四個方向，傾斜誤差要求不太于儀表允許誤差。Testofgradienterroratmin.valueandmax.value,andtestatabout10%and90%rangefortheinstrumentmountedpreamplifier.Gradientangleis50~100anddirectionisfront,behind,left,andright,theerrordon’tbiggerthanallowance.e、設(shè)定點偏差試驗應(yīng)在相當(dāng)于標尺弧長的 10%、50%、90%附近的刻度線上進行，也可以根據(jù)設(shè)計提供的聯(lián)鎖、 報警值試驗。設(shè)定點偏差應(yīng)不大于儀表的允許誤差。Testofsettingvalueerroratabout10%、50%、and90%ofstaffguagearc-length,andalsoatinterlockvalueandalarmvaluethatprovidedbydesign.theerrordon’biggertthanallowance.、數(shù)字溫度指示調(diào)節(jié)儀：figuretemperatureshowregulatora、 儀表的試驗項目應(yīng)包括：指示基本誤差、穩(wěn)定度誤差、設(shè)定點誤差及 PID特性試驗等。Testing item include basicerror, stabilization error,setting value error andPIDcharacteristictestetc.b、 指示基本誤差試驗宜采用輸入基準法校準，但需重復(fù)試驗兩次，取其最大差值作為被校儀表在該點的誤差。Testfordisplaybasicerrorbymeansofinputbenchmarkandtakebiggervalueaserroratthevalueofthetestedinstrumentaftertestfortwotimes.c、

儀表穩(wěn)定度試驗包括顯示波動量和示值漂移量的測定，做為評價儀表品質(zhì)的參數(shù)，一般儀表顯示波動量不得大于其分辨力，

1小時內(nèi)示值漂移量不得大于儀表允許誤差的 1/4。Testofstabilizationincludemeasurethedisplayfluctuantvalueandshowvalueexcursion.Thedisplayfluctuantvaluenotbiggerthandistinguishandshowvalueexcursionnotbiggerthan25%ofallowableerrorinonehour.d、 帶調(diào)節(jié)功能的儀表，應(yīng)在量程的 10%、50%、90%附近，試驗校準設(shè)定點偏差及比例積分微分功能檢定，設(shè)定點的偏差應(yīng)不大于儀表允許誤差，實際比例帶應(yīng)在刻度值的± 25%的范圍內(nèi)，積分時間固定的儀表，實際積分時間應(yīng)在（1±）Ti范圍內(nèi)。積分微分時間可調(diào)的儀表，實際積分微分時間與積分微分時間 刻度值的允許偏差為± 50%。TestforsettingvalueerrorandPIDfunctionshouldatabout10%,50%,and90%ofrangewhentestforinstrumentwithadjustfunction.Thesettingvalueerrornotbiggerthanallowance,andrealproportionrangeshouldin±25%ofscale.Therealintegraltimeshouldin（1±）Tirangefortheinstrumentthatintegraltimeissettled.TherealIDtimeallowableerroris±50%rangeofscalefortheinstrumentthatIDtimeisbeadjusted.、溫度變送器：TemperatureTransmitter:a、按照儀表銘牌標志的輸入、輸出信號范圍和類型進行輸入、輸出特性的校準和試驗，其校準接線方法應(yīng)符合制造廠技術(shù)文件要求。Thecalibrationandtestingofinputandoutputsignalrangesandstylesfortemperaturetransmittersshallbeexecutedaspertheinstrumentnameplatemarks.Thecalibration,testingandtermination methodologyshallmeetvendorstechnicaldocumentations ’requirementsb、與感溫元件一體化的溫變校準和試驗時， 應(yīng)斷開感溫元件，并由此輸入模擬信號。Disconnect thesensorelementandinput analogsignalswhentestfor thesensorintegrativewithtemperatureTransmitter:、電子電位差及電子平衡電橋：Electricalpotentiometerandelectricalbalancebridgea、檢查儀表可動部分， 并向同步電機、可逆電機、減速箱、切換開關(guān)和各軸承注油。Inspecttheinstrumentmovabilitypart,andfillingoiltosynchronousmotor,contradictorilymotor,speed-downbox,changerswitchandbearing.b、給儀表通電 30分鐘后，調(diào)整儀表的靈敏度，致使指針擺動兩個半周期后穩(wěn)定，然后，進行刻度校準試驗。Atfirst,poweroninstrumentfor30minutes,adjustdelicacyinordertomakefingertostabilizationafterfingerswingtwoandhalfcyclethenadjustscalec、多點儀表應(yīng)調(diào)整至數(shù)碼或顏色與切換開關(guān)和接線端子的編號一致。Numbercodeorcolorsamewithnumbercodeofchangerswitchandterminalformulti-pointinstrument、壓力儀表：PressureInstrumentation:、彈簧壓力表的校準：CalibrationforSpringPressureGauge:a、 一般彈簧壓力表的校準宜用活塞壓力計加壓，被試儀表應(yīng)與標準壓力表或標準砝碼相比較。當(dāng)使用砝碼時，應(yīng)在砝碼旋轉(zhuǎn)的情況下讀數(shù)。Generallypistonpressuretestingbenchandgaugeshallbeutilizedforcalibrationforspringpressuregauges.Thetesting,standardpressuregaugeandstandardweightsshallbecompared.Thereadingnumbersshallbeprocuredduringfreerotationstatusofstandardweights.b、校驗真空壓力表時，應(yīng)用真空泵產(chǎn)生負壓，被校表與標準真空表或標準液柱壓力計比較。Forvacuumpressuregauges,minuspressureshallbeproducedwithvacuumpump,thecalibratedgaugesshallbecomparedwiththestandardvacuumgaugeorstandardcolumnmanometer.b、 禁油壓力表校驗時，嚴禁壓力表與油接觸，滿量程小于的儀表校準宜采用氣壓，而滿量程大于的儀表校準，應(yīng)加裝油、水隔離器，其結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示：Itisprohibitthatpressuregaugestouchoilwhentestforoil-preventpressuregauges.Airpressureshouldbeprovidedwhentestforinstrumentthatfullrangelessthan,Oil/waterseparatorshouldbeprovidedwhentestforinstrumentthatfullrangebiggerthan,thestructureofseparatorisflowingdrawing100 接氧用表壓力計接頭視被校表連接螺紋而定200 油水M20× 接活塞式壓力計d、真空壓力表的壓力部分的校驗點不應(yīng)少于三點， 其中真空部分的校驗點不少于兩點，但壓力部分測量上限值超過時，真空部分可只校一點。Thecalibrationpointsforpressurerangespanofvacuumgaugesshallnotbelessthanthreepoints,thecalibrationpointsforvacuumrangespanofvacuumgaugesshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Ifthehighlimitvaluesofpressurerangespanexceedmega-pascals,onecalibrationpointcouldbetestedforvacuumrangespan.e、彈簧壓力表校準過程中如需啟封調(diào)整，校準合格的儀表應(yīng)重新鉛封。Iftheleadsealingneedtoberemovedduringcalibrationprocessforspringpressuregauges,newleadsealingneedtobeaddedafterinstrumentationcalibrationwhichmeetrequirements.、微壓計在指值校準前應(yīng)先進行傾斜誤差試驗（傾斜角度為50）和機械零位調(diào)整。Tilterrortesting,fivedegreesangleofinclinationandmechanicalzeropointadjustingformicromanometersbeforedisplaycalibrationandtestingshallbeexecuted.、電動壓力變送器（電Ⅲ型） ：ElectronicPressureTransmitter(style-Ⅲ)：a、基本誤差（允許誤差），回差的調(diào)校按下圖配線、配氣，并通電預(yù)熱不少于15分鐘，Calibrationandtestingforfundamentalerrorsorallowableerrorsandreturnerrorsshallbeterminated,suppliedwithair,poweredandperheadednotlessthanfifteenminutes(seefollowingdrawing).數(shù)字電壓表（級）250Ω電阻級24VDC電源 級壓力信號發(fā)生器DigitalVoltageMeter ）250ΩResistance24VDCPowerSupplyPressuresignalgenerator

手持通訊機壓力變送器Portable(smart)CommunicatorPressureXTR.基本誤差校準前應(yīng)先調(diào)好零點和量程，然后依次做上升和下降的五點校準。Zeropointandspanadjustmentshallbedonebeforecalibrationforbasicerror,thenevenlyascendinganddescendingfivepointscalibrationshallbeundertakensequentially.c、智能變送器的單臺儀表校準試驗，當(dāng)采用模擬信號法校準后，還通過手持通訊器試驗其操作功能Forcalibrationandtestingofsinglesmarttransmitter,functional testingwithportarblecommunicatorshallbeundertakenaftercalibrationofanalogsignalmethodd、變送器應(yīng)進行氣密性檢查，將額定工作壓力加入變送器測量室，再切斷壓力源，用壓力表觀察氣密性。在前

10分鐘內(nèi)允許壓力值稍有變動，在后

5分鐘內(nèi)壓力下降不得超過額定工作壓力的 2%Airtightnessinspectionshallbeundertaken.Firstsupplyratingpressureairintosensingandmeasuringchamberof transmitter,thenswitchoff pressuresource,inspectairtightnessviaonepressuregauge.Withinfirsttenminutes,certainpressurefluctuationshallbeallowed,pressuredeclination shallnotexceed2%ofratingpressurewithinfollowingfiveminutes.、氣動壓力變送器：Airpressuretransmittera、基本誤差校準前應(yīng)先調(diào)好零點和量程，然后依次做上升和下降的五點校準。Adjustmentofzeropointandspanshallbedonebeforecalibrationforbasicerror,thenascendinganddescendingfivepointscalibrationshallbeundertaken.b、變送器應(yīng)進行氣密性檢查，將額定工作壓力加入變送器測量室，再切斷壓力源，用壓力表觀察氣密性。在前 10分鐘內(nèi)允許壓力值稍有變動，在后 5分鐘內(nèi)壓力下降不得超過額定工作壓力的 2%Airtightnessinspectionshallbeundertaken.Firstsupplyratingpressure intosensingandmeasuringchamberoftransmitter,thenswitchoffpressuresource,inspectairtightnessviaonepressuregauge.Withinfirsttenminutes,certainpressurefluctuationshallbeallowed,pressuredeclinationshallnotexceed2%ofratingpressurewithinfollowingfiveminutes.c、

變送器的輸出信號由

0~，級的標準壓力表或

0~2Mpa，級的數(shù)字壓力表檢測。Outputsignaloftransmittershouldbemonitoredby0~

，classstandardpressuregaugeor0~2Mpa，classfigurepressuregauge.、壓力開關(guān)：Pressureswitha、根據(jù)《儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書》查出被試儀表的動作整定值。Switchingsetpointsforpressureswitchesshallbecheckedasperdesignedspecificationofinstrumentation.b、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫π盘栐聪虮辉嚤砑訅海?并用量程適當(dāng)?shù)臉藴蕢毫τ嫏z測信號壓力，用萬用表測量接點的通、斷狀態(tài)。Suitablepressuresignalsourceshallbeconnectedwiththetestinginstruments,thenstandardmanometerwithsuitablerangeshallbeusedtomeasuresignalpressure,itsconnectionandunconnectionstatusshallbemeasuredviamultimeter.c、高報開關(guān)，應(yīng)從低向高緩慢升壓，觀察萬用表，當(dāng)萬用表指示突變時，標準壓力表的示值即高報值； 再緩慢下降壓力。 當(dāng)萬用表指示再次突變時， 標準壓力表的示值即復(fù)位值。Forhighlimitalarmswitches,pressureshallbeincreasedgradually,examinewithmultimeter.Whilethemultimeter’indicationschangesuddenly,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallbehighlimitalarm.Thendecreasepressuregradually,whenthemultimeter’sindicationschangesuddenlyagain,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallberestorationvalue.d、對低報開關(guān)，應(yīng)先將試驗壓力升至設(shè)定值以上，再緩慢下降，當(dāng)萬用表指示突變時，標準壓力表的示值即低報值；再緩慢加壓，當(dāng)萬用表指示再次突變時，標準壓力表的示值即復(fù)位值Forlow limit alarmswitches,pressureshallbeincreasedgradually abovesetpointvalue,then decreaseslowly and examinewith multimeter. While themultimeter ’sindicationschangesuddenly,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallbelowlimitalarm.Thenincreasepressuregradually,whenthemultimeter’indicationschangesuddenlyagain,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallberestorationvalue.、流量儀表：FlowInstrumentation:、差壓變送器：DifferentialPressureTransmitter:a、儀表差壓范圍應(yīng)以《孔板計算書》為準。ThedifferentialpressurerangeforinstrumentshallbeverifiedasperOrificeCalculationSheet.b、校準試驗項目含基本誤差、回程誤差和測量室的密封檢查。Standardcalibrationitemsshallincludebasicerrors,returnerrorsandsealinginspectionofsensingchambers.c、校準方法，電動差壓變送器同電動壓力變送器， 氣動差壓變送器同氣動壓力變送器。Calibrationmethodshallbeasfollows:electronicdifferentialpressuretransmitterssameaselectronicpressuretransmitters,pneumaticdifferentialpressuretransmitterssameaspneumaticpressuretransmitters.、轉(zhuǎn)子流量計、電磁流量計、質(zhì)量流量計、超聲流量計、渦街流量計、靶式流量計、均速管流量計和容積流量計等應(yīng)核定出廠檢定報告和出廠合格證。當(dāng)合格證和檢定報告在有效期內(nèi)時，可不再進行精度校準，但應(yīng)通電或通氣檢查各部件工作是否正常。Forotherflowinstrumentslikefloatflow-meters,electronicflow-meters,massflow-meters,supersonicflow-meters,turbine&vortexflow-meters,targetflow-meters,annubarflow-meters,displacementflow-meters,etc.,thefactorycalibrationandinspectionreportsandthecertificatesofconformitypreparedbyvendorsshallbeverified.Ifthefactorycalibrationandinspectionreportsandthecertificatesofconformityarestillintheperiodofvalidity,accuracycalibrationcouldbeleaveoutwhilepoweringandpneumaticinspectionshallbeundertaken.帶遠傳功能的，應(yīng)做模擬試驗。當(dāng)合格證及出廠檢定報告超過有效期時，應(yīng)重新進行計量標定，但根據(jù)有關(guān)文件規(guī)定，標定工作應(yīng)由業(yè)主負責(zé)，施工單位予以配合。Analogtestingforinstrumentswithremotefunctionsshallbeundertaken.Oncethefactorycalibrationandinspectionreportsandthecertificatesofconformityarebeyondtheperiodofvalidity,theseflowinstrumentsshallberecalibratedandretested.Asperassociatedtradestipulationsandregulationsofdocuments,thispartofworksshallberesponsiblebytheclient,assistantbythesubcontractor.、物位儀表：LevelInstrumentation:、單、雙法差壓變送器的校準：CalibrationandtestingforsingleordualflangetypeDPtransmittersa、校驗方法、項目基本同壓力、差壓變送器，此外尚需考慮ThecalibrationandtestingmethodologyanditemsforsingleordualflangetypeDPtransmittersareassameasthoseofpressuretransmittersandDPtransmitters.Inaddition,followingitemsshallbetakeintoconsideration:ⅰ、根據(jù)《儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書》認真核算變送器的量程；TherangesoftransmittersshallbecalculatedandverifiedasperSpecificationSheetofInstrumentation.ⅱ、制作校驗用輔助設(shè)施；Manufacturingauxiliarydevicesforcalibrationandtesting.ⅲ、考慮遷移并計算遷移量。Consideringrangeshiftandcalculatingshiftingvalues.b、電動法蘭差壓變送器的校準可按下圖連接。校準時可把“ +”、“-”壓法蘭置同一平面，也可以模擬現(xiàn)場安裝把“ -”法蘭升高到與“ +”法蘭的設(shè)計高差。前者應(yīng)在“+”壓側(cè)加負遷移信號后調(diào)零，而后者可直接調(diào)零。Thecalibrationandtestingplanshallbeasfollowingprograms:the+flangeand –flangecouldbeplacedatthesameelevationorplacedatcertainelevationsimulating worksiteinstallationconditionsthroughraising+flangetodesignedelecation,zeropointcalibrationshallbeexecutedafterminusshifting signalsareaddedto+flanges,while forlatterconditionszeropointcouldbeadjusteddirectly.250Ω標準電阻級24VDC電源變送器 變送器法蘭精密數(shù)字電壓表（級） 自備校驗用法蘭-+壓力信號發(fā)生器（級）250Ωstandardresistance）DPTransmitter24VDCPowerPrecision Digital Voltage-+Meter（）、浮筒液位變送器：

MatingFlangePressureSignalGenerator）a、內(nèi)浮筒液位計宜采用干校法（掛重法）校準，即將液面所處的位置如 0%、25%、75%、100%的浮子自身的重量減其所受的浮力之差值， G1、G2、G3、G4、G5掛在浮筒變送器的連桿上，然后對輸出進行調(diào)整。Drycalibrationorhangingweightscalibrationmethodshallbeutilizedforcalibrationandtestingworksforinteriordisplacerleveltransmitters.TheoutputofTransmittersshallbeadjustedthroughrespectivelyhangingweightsofG1,G2,G3,G4,G5whicharecalculatedaspertheirdifferencesbetweenweightsandbuoyancyforcescorrespondingtotheheightsofdisplacerof0%,25%,50%,75%,100%.c、外浮筒液位（界位）計宜采用灌液法（水校法），其校準采用如圖所示的方法。Hydrauliccalibrationorpouringliquidcalibrationmethodshallbeutilizedforcalibrationandtestingworksforexteriordisplacerleveltransmitters.cpeHfa b手操壓力泵（西安儀表廠產(chǎn)） ；密閉小容器（自己制作）容器加水口（

3/4”NPT絲堵）浮筒變送器透明軟管液位指示計4用手操壓力泵或氣動定值器給密閉容器加壓，由于

P的存在使水經(jīng)球閥上升浮筒內(nèi)H高度，緩慢加壓泄壓，便可控制

H值的高度。pumpoperatedbymanual（providedbyxi

’aninstrumentfactory）；sealedsmallvesselfillwater （3/4”NPTthreadblock）floattransmitterstransparentflexibletubelevelindicator4”ballvalue用手操壓力泵或氣動定值器給密閉容器加壓，由于

P的存在使水經(jīng)球閥上升浮筒內(nèi)H高度，緩慢加壓泄壓，便可控制

H值的高度。Inputairtosealed

vesselbypressurepumpoperatedby

manualorpneumatic setvaluedevice,Duetohaspressureinvessel

sothatcontrolhighofH.采用水代替設(shè)計介質(zhì)校準浮筒液位計時，灌液高度的計算公式是：h=(P介/P水)×H×XWhenusingwaterascalibrationmediafordisplacerliquidleveltransmitters,thecalculationformularforheightofwatershallbe:h=(ρm/ρwater)×H×X采用水代替設(shè)計介質(zhì)校準浮筒界位計時，灌液高度的計算工時：h=P/P水*H+(P重-P輕)/P水*H*XWhenusingwaterascalibrationmediaasreplacementfordisplacermassboundaryleveltransmitters,thecalculationformularforheightofwatershallbe:h=ρ/ρwater*H+(ρh-ρl)/ρwater*H*X式中：h為被校刻度的灌液高度； X為被校刻度的百分比；hshallbetheheightoffillingwater,Xshallbethepercentageofcalculatedscale.P介為設(shè)計介質(zhì)介質(zhì)密度（查儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書可得） ；mshallbethedensityofprocessmediafromSpecificationofInstrumentation.P水為水的密度（1000kg/m3） ρwatershallbethedensityofwater(1000kg/m3).H為浮筒最高液位； Hshallbehighestlevelofdisplacer.P重為設(shè)計的重液密度（查儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書可得） ；hshallbethedensityofheavymediafromSpecificationofInstrumentation.P輕為設(shè)計的輕液密度（查儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書可得）；lshallbethedensityoflightmediafromSpecificationofInstrumentation.、浮球式液位變送器：Floatballleveltransmittersa、氣割一片可與儀表法蘭連接的簡易特制法蘭，將其焊接在預(yù)制平臺的一角，模擬安裝被校儀表，并向儀表供電（氣）

，此時儀表應(yīng)指“零”，否則應(yīng)調(diào)“零”。Makeafacilityflangethatconnectwithflangeofinstrument,andjointatcornerofpre-makeplatroofandsimulateinstalltestedinstrument,supplyairorpowertoinstrumentandindicatorofinstrumentshouldbe

”

zero

”b、平緩操作平衡桿使浮球上移，當(dāng)平衡桿處于水平狀態(tài)時，儀表輸出應(yīng)為 50%，否則應(yīng)調(diào)量程。Operatethebalancingpoleslowlyandmakefloatballmovedgoup,outputofinstrumentis50%whenthebalancingpoleathorizontalposition,otherwiserangeshouldbeadjusted.c、如此反復(fù)試驗，直至示值誤差符合允許誤差的要求。Testfortimesuntiltheindicatevalueerrorshouldbeaccordedwithallowance.d、平衡桿由水平位置再繼續(xù)上移，輸出信號應(yīng)均勻上升，當(dāng)輸出信號達 100%時，測量由平衡桿的移動角度應(yīng)為。Movethebalancingpolefromhorizontalpositionsothatmaketheoutputsignalriseuniformity,theanglethatbalancingpolemoveiswhentheoutputsignalis100%.e、檢查平衡桿與浮球的連接必須緊固，無松動，防松配件齊全。Theconnectionofbalancingpoleandfloatballmusttighten,andloose-prooffittingsiswhole.、貯罐液位計、料面計，現(xiàn)場不具備單臺校準條件，因此，在安裝前進行外觀檢查外，還應(yīng)通電檢查指示和變送部分，確認其基本功能是否完好。Onjobsitetheconditionsfortankgaugesandlevelgaugescannotmeetthecalibrationrequirements,butappearanceinspection,poweringinspectionshallbeexecutedforindicationfunctionandtransmitterpartstoascertainwellfunctionofinstruments.、放射性同位素液位計的校準見《放射性同位素液位計校準、安裝方案》 ，此不再敘。Calibration andtestingfor radioisotope levelgaugespleaserefertotheCalibration andInstallationSchemeforRadioisotopeLevelGaugesfordetails.、超聲波物位計校準時，通電后液晶顯示板及狀態(tài)指示燈工作應(yīng)正常，參數(shù)設(shè)置開關(guān)應(yīng)符合工藝測量要求。Forcalibrationofsupersoniclevelgauges,LEDorliquid-crystaldisplayandindicationlightsshallfunctionnormally.Thesettingparametersforswitchesshallmeetprocessrequirements.、浮球式液位開關(guān)安裝前的校準，應(yīng)用手平緩操作浮球，使其上、下移動，觀察微動開關(guān)的動作，并用萬用表監(jiān)測接點的通斷。Forcalibrationoffloattypelevelswitchesbeforeinstallation,thefloatsshallbemovedmanuallyupwardanddownwardandthemotionsofmicro-switchesshallbeobservedandcontinuitybemeasuredviamultimeter.、電容式液位計的校準， 可在浮筒液位計的校驗設(shè)施的基礎(chǔ)上， 加裝Φ100的開口水槽進行常規(guī)的五點校驗。Forcalibrationofcapacitancelevelinstruments,fivepointsnormalcalibrationandtestingshallbedonebasedonthecalibrationdevicesofdisplacerlevelinstrumentsandaΦ100opensteelpipeshallbeutilized.、電容式液位開關(guān)可將探頭插入水中，觀察狀態(tài)指示燈應(yīng)同時亮，輸出繼電器應(yīng)動作，否者應(yīng)調(diào)整門限電壓，如此反復(fù)操作數(shù)次，直至動作無誤。Forcapacitancelevelswitches,statusindicationandrelayoutputshallactuatedthroughcapacitanceprobetesting,otherwisethegatelimitvoltageshallbeadjustedseveraltimesuntilactionwell.、音叉式物位開關(guān)，應(yīng)做送電檢查，并將音叉向上放置，然后用手指按壓音叉端部強迫停振，輸出繼電器應(yīng)動作。Forforktypelevelswitches,poweringinspectionshallbeexecutedandforkvibrationfunctionwithoutputrelayshallcorrespondwitheachother.、自動分析儀表的校準：.CalibrationandtestingforAuto-analyzer:a、自動分析儀的校準、試驗工作應(yīng)按制造廠技術(shù)文件的要求進行。CalibrationandtestingforAuto-analyzersshallfullymeetthevendorstechnicalrequirements.b、對顯示儀表只進行模擬校準。Forindicationinstrumentsanalogcalibrationshallbedone.、通電檢查發(fā)送器的電氣性能，操作各功能鍵，記錄其零位及量程的調(diào)整范圍。Electronicfeature,functionalkeysshallbechecked,theadjustablerangesofzeropointandspanshallberecorded.d、認真學(xué)習(xí)《安裝使用說明書》向工號工程師提出安裝建議并為分析器的系統(tǒng)試驗作充分的技術(shù)準備Carefully

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