考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（）_nationalandculturalbarriers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。transcend“勝過(guò)，超越”；traverse“穿過(guò)，來(lái)回移動(dòng)，反駁”；abolish“廢除，廢止”；suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意：優(yōu)秀的電影是那些超越國(guó)家和文化障礙的電影。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

1.無(wú)論你的智商有多高，你的看法都受到個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的局限，因此要學(xué)會(huì)吸納他人有用的觀點(diǎn)。

2.事實(shí)上，只有勤奮加方法得當(dāng)才能使你在學(xué)習(xí)上比他人有優(yōu)勢(shì)。

3.作為對(duì)政府檢查員批評(píng)的回應(yīng)，公司改變了一些做法，而不是放棄自己的規(guī)定

4.OninternationalrelationsChinawouldcontinuetodeveloprelationswithforeigncountriesinseekingafavorableinternationalenvironmentforitsreformandtomakecontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

5.Managementhasgranteda10%payriseinresponsetounionpressurebutrefusedtomakeanyfurtherconcession.

【答案】1.NomatterhowhighyourIQis,yourviewislimitedbytheexperience,soyoushouldlearntoincorporatetheusefulperspectivesofothers.

2.Infact,onlyhardworkincombinationwithpropermethodswillgiveyouanadvantageoverothers.

3.Inresponsetocriticismbygovernmentinspectors,thecompanychangedsomeofitspracticesratherthangaveupitsrules.

4.在國(guó)際關(guān)系方面，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)發(fā)展與外國(guó)的關(guān)系，尋求一個(gè)對(duì)自己改革有利的國(guó)際環(huán)境，繼續(xù)對(duì)世界和平和發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)。

5.在工會(huì)的壓力下，資方已同意提高10%的薪酬，但是拒絕作出進(jìn)一步的讓步。

3.單選題

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plan“計(jì)劃，平面圖”；B選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷，裁判，判決書(shū)，辨別力”；C選項(xiàng)stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D選項(xiàng)knowledge“知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)，知道，認(rèn)識(shí)，學(xué)科”。句意：這場(chǎng)危機(jī)將考驗(yàn)首相的勇氣。Mettle“勇氣，氣質(zhì)，耐力”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

侵略行為似乎與許多生物結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)物質(zhì)有關(guān)，如大腦中的下丘腦(hypothalamus)。很多動(dòng)物在受到特定刺激時(shí)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出本能的侵略反應(yīng)。下丘腦似乎與動(dòng)物的這種本能反應(yīng)有關(guān)：對(duì)許多動(dòng)物的下丘腦中部分區(qū)域進(jìn)行電激，會(huì)引發(fā)這一些它們的常見(jiàn)侵略行為。然而，人類(lèi)的大腦要復(fù)雜的多，大腦的其他結(jié)構(gòu)似乎可以抑制這種本性。社會(huì)生物學(xué)是生物學(xué)方法的一個(gè)分支，該理論認(rèn)為侵略性對(duì)于人類(lèi)而言是天生并且必要的。社會(huì)生物學(xué)認(rèn)為，包括侵略行為在內(nèi)的許多社會(huì)行為都是由遺傳決定的。根據(jù)達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論，他認(rèn)為，個(gè)體存在的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)那些可以找到食物并且活到成年的個(gè)體數(shù)量。個(gè)體之間開(kāi)始進(jìn)行生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，那些擁有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的個(gè)體更容易存活，并且會(huì)將它們有利于生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的基因遺傳給下一代。大部分物種所具有的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)特質(zhì)之一就是好斗性。擁有侵略特質(zhì)的個(gè)體更容易存活和繁殖，因此，與侵略行為相關(guān)的各種基因遺傳給下一代的可能性更大。該理論在眾多方面遭到質(zhì)疑，其一，人類(lèi)擁有其他物種不具備的能力，這種并非侵略性質(zhì)的能力才是人類(lèi)生存下來(lái)的主要原因。其二，人類(lèi)身上存在太多的變數(shù)，因此，我們無(wú)法相信人類(lèi)會(huì)被侵略沖動(dòng)主導(dǎo)或者支配。

【答案】Numerousbiologicalstructuresandchemicalsappeartobeinvolvedinaggression.Oneisthehypothalamus,aregionofthebrain.Inresponsetocertainstimuli,manyanimalsshowinstinctiveaggressivereactions.Thehypothalamusappearstobeinvolvedinthisinbornreactionpattern:electricalstimulationofpartofthehypothalamustriggersstereotypicalaggressivebehaviorsinmanyanimals.Inpeople,however,whosebrainsaremorecomplex,otherbrainstructuresapparentlymoderatepossibleinstincts.Anoffshootofthebiologicalapproachcalledsociobiologysuggeststhataggressionisnaturalandevendesirableforpeople.Sociobiologyviewsmuchsocialbehavior,includingaggressivebehavior,asgeneticallydetermined.ConsiderDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Darwinheldthatmanymoreindividualsareproducedthanthosecanfindfoodandsurviveintoadulthood.Astruggleforsurvivalfollows.Thoseindividualswhopossesscharacteristicsthatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistencearemorelikelytosurviveandcontributetheirgenestothenextgeneration.Inmanyspecies,suchcharacteristicsincludeaggressiveness.Becauseaggressiveindividualsaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whatevergenesarelinkedtoaggressivebehavioraremorelikelytobetransmittedtosubsequentgenerations.：Thesociobiologyviewhasbeenattackedonnumerousgrounds.Oneisthatpeople'scapacitytooutwitotherspecies,nottheiraggressiveness,appearstobethedominantfactorinhumansurvival.Anotheristhatthereistoomuchvariationamongpeopletobelievethattheyaredominatedby,oratthemercyof,aggressiveimpulses.

5.單選題

PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisededucation,prospectivedoctorsofphilosophyareleftmoreorlessalonetowritetheequivalentofalargebook.Mostsocial-sciencepostgraduateshavestillnotcompletedtheirthesesbythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime,whichcanoftentakeafurtherthreeyears.Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubject,whichhasblightedtheirholidaysandminedtheirevenings.

TheEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil,whichgivesgrantstopostgraduatesocialscientists,wantstogetbettervalueformoneybycuttingshortthisagony.Itwouldliketoseefastercompletionrates:untilrecently,onlyabout25%ofPhDcandidateswerefinishingwithinfouryears.TheESRC’sresponsehasbeentostopPhDgrantstoallinstitutionswheretheproportiontakinglessthanfouryearsisbelow10%;inthefirstyearofthispolicythenationalaverageshotupto39%.TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics-includingOxfordUniversity,theLondonSchoolofEconomicsandtheLondonBusinessSchool.

Predictably,howlsofprotesthavecomefromtheuniversities,whoviewtheblacklistingofwholeinstitutionsasarbitraryandnegative.Theypointoutthatmanyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.Thecollegessaythereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims.Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies.

TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime.Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways.Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyle,ofthesis,too.

1.Bythetimenewdoctorsgetajobandtrytofinishtheirthesesinsparetime（

）.

2.OxfordUniversitywouldbeexcludedoutofthoseuniversitiesthatreceivePhDgrantsfromESRC,becausethecompletionrateofitsPhDstudents’theseswithinfouryearsislowerthan

（

）.

3.AllthefollowingstatementsaretheargumentsagainstESRC’spolicyexcept

（

）.

4.TheESRCwouldprefer（

）.

5.WhattheESRCcandoisto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostofthemdiedofsomesickness

B.theirholidaysandeveningshavebeenruinedbytheirjobs.

C.mostofthemarecompletelytiredofthenarrowlydefinedsubject

D.mostoftheirgrantsrunout.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.25%

B.40%

C.39%

D.10%

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.alltheinstitutionsontheblacklistarearbitraryandnegative.

B.thereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

C.manyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.

D.somepolytechnicsarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatthestudentswerecarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudiesratherthanbeingtrainedasresearchers.

B.toseehigherstandardsofPhDstudents’thesesandmoreambitiousdoctoraltopics.

C.moresystematicteachingofresearchskillstofewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedoninexperiencedyoungPhDstudents.

D.thatPhDstudentswerelessmodestintheiraims.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.forcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime

B.trytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways

C.dictatethestandardofthesisreacquiredbyexternalexaminers

D.notethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandlesselaboratestyleofthesis

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞newdoctors定位至第一段:Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubject,whichhasblightedtheirholidaysandminedtheirevenings(到那吋候，新一批將要畢業(yè)的博士生就會(huì)對(duì)狹隘的論文主題感到極其厭倦，并且這樣的論文會(huì)毀掉他們的假期，占據(jù)他們的夜晚)。因此C項(xiàng)“他們中的大部分都徹底厭倦了狹隘的論文主題”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞OxfordUniversity定位至第二段:TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics—includingOxfordUniversity...(經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)研究委員會(huì)覺(jué)得自己的堅(jiān)持被證明是正確的，于是準(zhǔn)備在接下來(lái)的兩年內(nèi)將畢業(yè)率門(mén)檻提升至40%,如果不提升畢業(yè)率，那么73所大學(xué)和專(zhuān)科學(xué)院中有55所院校將不能獲得補(bǔ)貼，其中包括牛津大學(xué)……)。由此可知如果牛津大學(xué)博士生的畢業(yè)率低于40%的話(huà)，將得不到補(bǔ)貼。故選B。

3.判斷推理題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都能在第三段中找到原話(huà),但是PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance(只有兩個(gè)在讀博士生的科技專(zhuān)科院校抱怨說(shuō)學(xué)生成績(jī)的不穩(wěn)定性讓他們很被動(dòng))這部分不針對(duì)ESRC政策。故選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch(更愿意看到對(duì)參與第一項(xiàng)嚴(yán)肅研究的青年男女進(jìn)行更系統(tǒng)的研究技能教學(xué)，減少不切實(shí)際的期望),因此C項(xiàng)“更系統(tǒng)地教授研究技能，減少對(duì)缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的年輕博士生的不切實(shí)際的期望”正確。根據(jù)第四段中的Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies(因此，在未來(lái)，只有在確定學(xué)生接受研究人員培訓(xùn)，而不是進(jìn)行純粹的基于知識(shí)的研究時(shí)，才會(huì)發(fā)放助學(xué)金)可知選項(xiàng)A意思表示剛好與原文相反；根據(jù)文章第四段中的TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims(ESRC認(rèn)為，如果博士生在目標(biāo)上更加謙虛，這可能不是一件壞事。)可知選項(xiàng)D與原文意思相反，并且根據(jù)原文關(guān)鍵詞modestintheiraims可知選項(xiàng)B也與原文意思相反。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段指出:TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime(ESRC不能規(guī)定外部考官要求的論文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也不能強(qiáng)迫各部門(mén)給畢業(yè)生更多的教學(xué)時(shí)間)，故A和C錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways(它最能做到的就是試圖說(shuō)服大學(xué)改變他們的方式)可知選項(xiàng)B正確；而根據(jù)最后一句話(huà)Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyle,ofthesis,too(固執(zhí)的教授應(yīng)該意識(shí)到學(xué)生們也需要更多的研究培訓(xùn)和不那么復(fù)雜的論文風(fēng)格)可知選項(xiàng)D是Recalcitrantprofessors“固執(zhí)的教授”應(yīng)該做的而不是ESRC，所以選項(xiàng)D也不對(duì)，故答案選項(xiàng)為B。

6.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16to17hour’swakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-liourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleeping.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequent

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershift

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkersprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(這已經(jīng)不是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)的問(wèn)題。例如，在需要機(jī)器24小時(shí)連續(xù)工作的自動(dòng)化操作的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，需要人們從白天工作變?yōu)橥砩瞎ぷ鞯膯?wèn)題變得越來(lái)越重要了)。故選C“因?yàn)橐恍┕I(yè)領(lǐng)域要求上夜班”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight(通常一個(gè)人需要五天至一周的時(shí)間來(lái)適應(yīng)與常規(guī)生活顛倒的睡眠吋間和猜醒時(shí)間，即白天睡覺(jué)，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek(不幸的是，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，工作班次每星期都變換的事經(jīng)常發(fā)生)。故選B“頻繁更換工作吋間的工人的日常生活周期被打亂”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段第一句指出:Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers(看來(lái)，唯一真正可以解決問(wèn)題的方法就是將晚班交給一些長(zhǎng)期上夜班的工人)。故選C“安排一些人只上夜班”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(白天正常工作的人，在其清醒的時(shí)間內(nèi)，體溫通常都比較高，但是在夜晚則比較低)。因此選D“人在工作效率高吋，休溫都比較高”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段...itcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection(可以了解到個(gè)人是如何快速適應(yīng)正常時(shí)間的顛倒，同時(shí)也可成為篩選的基礎(chǔ))以及Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice(然而，到目前為止，這種形式的篩選似乎并沒(méi)有在實(shí)踐中得到應(yīng)用)可知選擇永久的夜間值班者僅僅是一種基礎(chǔ)的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)最后一段Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(了解一個(gè)人何時(shí)適應(yīng)的一種方法是測(cè)量他的體溫。白天正常工作的人在清醒的時(shí)候會(huì)有高溫，晚上會(huì)有低溫)可知選項(xiàng)A“體溫可以作為衡量工人工作的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”正確。根據(jù)最后一段Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine(因此，在清醒期間每隔兩小時(shí)測(cè)量一次體溫，可以看出一個(gè)人能多快地適應(yīng)一個(gè)顛倒的習(xí)慣)可知選項(xiàng)C“每隔一段吋間測(cè)量體溫，可以顯示個(gè)人是如何適應(yīng)常規(guī)變化”正確。根據(jù)第三段Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork(她發(fā)現(xiàn)在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障礙和其他障礙的發(fā)生率很高，但在長(zhǎng)期夜班的人中，這些現(xiàn)象沒(méi)有異常發(fā)生)可知選項(xiàng)D“長(zhǎng)期上夜班的或上長(zhǎng)白班的人很少出現(xiàn)睡眠被打亂的現(xiàn)象”正確。

7.單選題

Beforethe()ofhospitals,thefamilyorcommunalsauna(桑拿)wasfavoredbyFinishedwomenforgivingbirth.Today,saunasarefoundinhealthclubsandgymnasiumsaroundtheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advent

B.adventure

C.advert

D.advance

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在醫(yī)院出現(xiàn)之前，產(chǎn)房婦女青睞于家庭或公共桑拿。今天，桑拿在世界各地的健身俱樂(lè)部和健身房隨處可見(jiàn)。advent到來(lái)，出現(xiàn)；adventure冒險(xiǎn)；advert談到；advance發(fā)展，前進(jìn)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

We’ll（

）youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】句意:居住期間對(duì)你房子所造成的任何損壞，我們都會(huì)賠償你。

動(dòng)詞辨析。compensate賠償,補(bǔ)償;remedy改進(jìn),補(bǔ)救;supplement補(bǔ)充;retrieve取回，索回。故A符合句意。

9.單選題

Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowinginterviewwithShermanAlexie,anAmericanIndianpoet.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.

14.WhydidShermanAlexieonlytakedayjobs?

15.Whatwashisoriginalgoalatcollage?

16.Whydidhetakethepoetrywritingclass?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hecouldbringunfinishiedworkhome.

B.Hemighthavetimetopersuehisinterests.

C.Hemightdosomeeveningteaching.

D.Hecouldinvestmoreemotioninhisfamily.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toteachinhighschool.

B.Towritehisownbooks.

C.Tobeamedicaldoctor.

D.Tobeamathematician.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tofollowhisfather.

B.Foraneasygrade.

C.Tochangehisspecialty.

D.Forknowledgeofpoetry.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】第1題:

第2題:

第3題:

10.單選題

Everyonehasamomentinhistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim.Itisthemomentwhenhisemotionsachievetheirmostpowerfulswayoverhim,andafterwardwhenyousaytothisperson“theworldtoday”or“l(fā)ife”or“reality”hewillassumethatyoumeanthismoment,evenifitisfiftyyearspast.Theworld,throughhisunleashed（釋放的）emotions,imprinteditselfuponhim,andhecar-riesthestampofthatpassingmomentforever.

Forme，thismoment——fouryearsinamomentinhistory——wasthewar.Thewarwasandisrealityforme.Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.Thesearesomeofitscharacteris-tics.

FranklinDelanoRooseveltisthepresidentoftheUnitedStates,andhealwayshasbeen.TheothertwoeternalworldleadersareWinstonChurchillandJosephStalin.Americaisnot,neverhasbeen,andneverwillbewhatthesongandpoemscallit,alandofplenty.Nylon，meat,gasoline,andsteelarerare.Therearetoomanyjobsandnotenoughworkers.Moneyisveryeasytoearnbutratherhardtospend,becausethereisn’tverymuchtobuy.Trainsarealwayslateandalwayscrowdedwith“servicemen”.ThewarwillalwaysbefoughtveryfarfromAmerica,anditwillneverend.NothinginAmericastandsstillforverylong,includingthepeoplewhoarealwayseitherleavingoronleave.PeopleinAmericacryoften.Sixteenisthekeyandcrucialandnaturalageforahumanbeingtobe,andpeopleofallotheragesarerangedinanorderlymanneraheadofandbehindyouasahar-monioussettingforthesixteen-year-oldsoftheworld.Whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyim-pressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyfore-seeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.Youdonotforeseeit.TowasteanythinginAmericaisim-moral.Stringandtinfoilaretreasures.Newspapersarealwayscrowedwithstrangemapsandnamesoftowns,andeveryfewmonthstheearthseemstolurch（突然傾斜）fromitspathwhenyouseesome-thinginthenewspapers,suchasthetimeMussolini,whoalmostseemedoneoftheeternalleaders,isphotographedhangingupsidedownonameathook.

1.Whichstatementbestdepictsthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

2.Whydoestheauthorstillclearlyrememberthewar?

3.Whichstatementbestdescribestheauthor’sfeelingsaboutthewar?

4.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatadultsareimpressedwithsixteen-year-olds?

5.Whydoestheauthorsaythatstringandtinfoilaretreasures?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Realityiswhatyoumakeofit.

B.Timeislikeariver.

C.Emotionsarepowerful.

D.Everypersonhasaspecialmoment.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasPresident.

B.Itwashispersonalrealityandpartofhislife.

C.Therewasnotmuchtobuy.

D.Thewarwouldneverend.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwaseverrealforhim,yethewasnotactivelyinvolved.

B.Itwasrealforhimbecausehewasasoldieratthattime.

C.Itwasveryunrealtohim.

D.Thewarwasverydisruptivetothepeopleathome.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Adultswouldliketobeyoung.

B.Sixteen-year-oldsdonotwastethings.

C.Sixteen-year-oldsreadnewspapers.

D.Theywillbefightingsoonforadults.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thewarhasmadethemscarce.

B.Theyareusefultosixteen-year-olds.

C.Helikedthemwhenhewassixteen.

D.Peopleareverywasteful.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.第一段指出：everyonehasamomentinhishistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim（每個(gè)人在他的歷史上都有一個(gè)屬于他的時(shí)刻）,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段指出：thewarwasandisrealityforme（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)很真實(shí)），這是作者為何記住戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的原因，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第二段指出：Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.Thesearesomeofitscharacteristics，由此推測(cè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是非常真實(shí)的，但是文章中并沒(méi)有提到作者是一名戰(zhàn)士，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“adultsareimpressedwithsixteen-year-olds”定位至文章第三段：whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyimpressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyforeseeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.可知成年人之所有會(huì)對(duì)16歲少年印象深刻是因?yàn)樗麄冎肋@些少年將來(lái)會(huì)為他們打仗，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Stringandtinfoilaretreasures”定位至第三段，第三段前面提到：Nylon,meat,gasoline,andsteelarerare，因此推測(cè)當(dāng)時(shí)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使得物資匱乏，后面指出了“Stringandtinfoilaretreasures”。故答案為A選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。modify“修改，更正”；duplicate“復(fù)制”；accelerate“使…加快”；stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。句意：最近，媒體對(duì)兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為事件進(jìn)行了大量報(bào)道。B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

12.單選題

ThemyththatUnitedStatesisnotopentoconcernsfromoutsidehasbeen______atastroke.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.demolished

B.precluded

C.kindled

D.hampered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)demolish“拆除，破壞，推翻，駁倒”，B項(xiàng)preclude“排除，妨礙，阻止”，C項(xiàng)kindle“點(diǎn)燃，著火，激起，照亮”，D項(xiàng)hamper“妨礙，束縛，使困累”。由myth“神話(huà)”和atastroke“一下子”可知，“推翻”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：美國(guó)不會(huì)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的神話(huà)一下子就被推翻了。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

StudiesoftheWeddellsealinthelaboratoryhavedescribedthephysiologicalmechanismsthatallowthesealtocopewiththeextremeoxygendeprivationthatoccursduringitslongestdives,whichcanextend500metersbelowtheocean’ssurfaceandlastforover70minutes.Recentfieldstudies,however,suggestthatduringmoretypicaldivesinthewild,thisseal’sphysiologicalbehaviorisdifferent.

Inthelaboratory,whenthesealdivesbelowthesurfaceofthewaterandstopsbreathing,itsheartbeatsmoreslowly,requiringlessoxygen,anditsarteriesbecomeconstricted,ensuringthattheseal’sbloodremainsc