2021屆廣東省惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研考試英語(yǔ)試題

英語(yǔ)試題英語(yǔ)試題10惠州市2021屆高三第一次調(diào)研考試試題英語(yǔ)（2020.07）（2020.07）本試卷分為第I卷和第口卷。試卷共8頁(yè)，卷面滿分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)等相關(guān)信息填寫在答題卡上。選擇題的作答：選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡上交。第I卷第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2.5分，滿分25分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADrAlmeidaleftschoolat16withlittleformaleducationbutgotajobasalaboratorytechnicianinhistopathology（組織病理學(xué)）atGlasgowRoyalInfirmary.LatershemovedtoLondontofurtherhercareerandin1954marriedEnriquesAlmeida,anartist.ThecoupleandtheiryoungdaughtermovedtoTorontoinCanadaanditwasattheOntarioCancerInstitutethatDrAlmeidadevelopedheroutstandingskillswithanelectronmicroscope.Shepioneeredamethodwhichbettervisualized（成像）virusesbyusingantibodiestogatherthem.HertalentswererecognizedintheUKandshewasinvitedtoworkatStHoTshpoitmaalsM'edsicalSchoolinLondon.Onherreturn,shebegantocooperatewithDrDavidTyrrell.DrTyrrellandhisteamwereabletogrowquiteafewcommoncold-associatedviruses.Onesample,knownasB814,wasdiscoveredin1960.Theyfoundthattheywereabletotransmit（傳染）commoncoldsymptomstovolunteersbuttheywereunabletogrowitinroutinecellculture（細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)）.However,volunteerstudiesshoweditsgrowthinorgancultures（器官培養(yǎng)）.DrTyrrellwonderedifitcouldbeseenbyanelectronmicroscope.TheysentsamplestoAlmeidawhofoundthattheywerelikefluvirusesbutnotexactlythesame.Sheidentifiedwhatbecameknownasthefirsthumancoronavirus（冠狀病毒）.DrAlmeidahadactuallyseenparticles（微粒）likethisbeforewhileinvestigatingvirusesinmiceandchickens.However,whenshesentherpaperaboutthisdiscoverytoamedicaljournal,itwasrejected.ItwastwoyearslaterthatthefirstphotographsofthevirusshehadseenwerepublishedinJournalofGeneralVirology.Itwasnamedcoronavirusbecauseofthecrownsurroundingitontheviralimage.WhydidDrAlmeidareturntoworkintheUK?BecauseherfamilydidnotlikeToronto.BecausetheUKappreciatedhertalents.Becauseshebetteredanelectronmicroscope.Becauseshewasthefirstonetovisualizeviruses.WhatcanweknowaboutB814?Itcouldbegrowninroutinecellculture.Itwasunabletodevelopinorgancultures.It'sexactlythesamewithinfluenzaviruses.D.Itwasidentifiedasthefirsthumancoronavirus.Whatcanweconnectwiththename“coronavirus”?Itsviralimage.Itsdeadlypower.Itoriginalsample.Itsfirstappearance.BChina'sdomestically（國(guó)內(nèi)）developedBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystemhasbeenwidelyusedinmanypublicsectorsandbusinessfieldsathomeandabroad.Beidouhasbeenusedindozensofbusinessandpublicsectorfields（公共部門領(lǐng)域）inChina,includingtransportation,electricpowertransmission,fisheries,miningandagriculture.TensofmillionsofBeidou-basedterminal（終端）deviceshavebeensoldandareinuse.Bytheendof2019,morethan100millionBeidou-basednavigationchips,modulesandotherproductshadbeensold.Thesystemhadbythenbeenfixedinnearly6.6milliontaxis,busesandtrucksaroundChinaaswellasmorethan70,000fishingshipsacrossthecountry.Beidou-enabledfunctionsarealsousedinatleast50,000agriculturalmachinesandhaveimprovedtheiroperationalefficiency.Morethan70percentofmobilephonesregisteredinChinaarecapableofutilizingBeidousignals.Inthepublicsecurityfield,morethan400,000portableterminalsusedbythepoliceacrossthecountryhaveBeidou-enabledpositioningfunctions.Beidouhasalsoplayedimportantrolesinsecurityworkforhigh-levelevents.Globally,bytheendof2019,ChineseproductsbasedonBeidouhadbeensoldtomorethan120foreigncountriesandregions,playingahelpfulroleinanumberofpublicsectorfields.Forinstance,BeidouhashelpedRussiaimproveitselectricgridinspections（電網(wǎng)檢測(cè)）,madeoperationsmoreconvenientforunmannedaircraftusersinCambodia,andpromotedmanagementefficiencyofmanywarehousesinThailandandconstructionworkinKuwait.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“utilizing”inParagraph2?transformingB.usingC.passingD.strengtheningWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.BeidouSystem'snavigationisaccessible.BeidouSystem'spositioningservicesvaryinquality.BeidouSystem'sapplicationsspreadaroundtheglobe.BeidouSystem'soperationalefficiencyimprovesrapidly.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?TechnologyB.EducationC.TravelD.SocietyCInsomeplacesaroundtheworld,youcanfindbrightgreenballsofmoss（苔蘚）scatteredacrossglaciers,which,surprisingly,moveallataboutthesamespeedsandinthesamedirections.Theglaciermossballsarecommonlycalled“glaciermice”,andwerethesubjectofarecentstudypublishedonlineinPolarBiologythismonth.Thestudy'sauthorsbelievethattheydevelopfromimpurities（雜質(zhì)）onicesurfaces.“They'renotattached（黏附）toanythingandthey'rejustrestingthereonice,”saidoneoftheauthors.“They'rebrightgreeninaworldofwhite.”Themossballsdon'tstayatrestforlong,though.Theymovedabout2.5centimetersperdayonaverage.Anotheroneofthestudy'sauthorspointedoutthatmovementisanecessityfortheglaciermossballsbecausetheentiresurfaceoftheballmustoccasionallygetexposedtothesun.“Thesethingsmustactuallyrollaroundorelsethatmossonthebottomwoulddie,”shesaid.GlaciermicehaveeverbeenspottedinAlaska,Iceland,SvalbardandSouthAmerica,butscientistsstillhavealottolearnaboutthem.Oneofthebiggestquestionsiswhythemossballs,whichcanliveforatleastsixyears,movethewaytheydo.Theresearcherstriedtoexplainthisstrangephenomenoninmanyways.First,theythoughttheballshadrolleddownhill,butlaterfoundthattheyweren'tgoingdownaslope（斜坡）.Then,theythoughtthewindwasblowingtheminconsistentdirections.Butwhentheymeasuredthedominantdirectionofthewind,thatdidn'texplainiteither.Andfinally,theyconsideredthesun,whichmeltstheiceandmaymakethemossballsmove,butthedirectionofincomingsolarradiationwasn'tinthedirectionwhichtheballsweregoingin.Stillconfusedwiththisproblem,theresearcherssaidthattheyhopethatoneday,futuregenerationswill“gettothebottomofthesegreatmysteries”.Whatintereststheresearchersmost?Thediscoveryofglaciermice.Thedevelopmentofimpurities.Thedistributionofglaciermoss.Themovementofglaciermossballs.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutGlaciermice?Theycanmovefast.Theyareattachedtoice.Theymovesoastokeepalive.Theymovefromotherplacestoglaciers.Howdoestheauthorexplaintheunusualwaytheglaciermicemove?Bydrawingmapsandmakinganalysis.Bymakingassumptionsanddoingresearch.Bydoingexperimentsandpresentingreports.BymakingcomparisonandsettingdowngeneralrulesWhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.WindblowsGlaciermicetomove.ThedirectionofsunlighthelpsGlaciermice.Scientistsleavethesemysteriestofuturegenerations.Itremainsapuzzlewhytheglaciermossballsmoveinthisway.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Howdoyouwakeupinthemorning?Ifyousetanalarmonyourphoneorclockthatsoundslikethis:beep-beep-beep,thathard,unpleasantsoundmaybemakingithardertoshakeoffthesleepyfeelinginthemorningknownasgrogginess（昏昏沉沉）.31?Arecentstudysaysyes.Theanswerismusic.Researcherssayalarmsthathaveamelodycanhelppeoplefeelfresherinthemorning.Thestudy,carriedoutbyresearchersinAustralia,involved50people.Theyansweredquestionsaboutthealarmsoundtheyliketowakeupto.32.Sleepinertia（慣性）isanothertermforgrogginess.33,andhastroublegettingmovingagainaftersleeping.Peopleneedtobetterunderstandsleepinertia'sharmfuleffectsonhumanperformancelaterintheday.Thegrogginesswemayfeelinthemorningusuallylastsforupto30minutes,butsomemaylastfromtwotofourhours.Noteveryonewillexperiencethefulleffect.34,especiallywhentheyperformdutiesthatrequireatopperformancewithinthisperiodorforpeoplewhoworkindangeroussituationsshortlyaftertheywake.So,whatmakesmusicalalarmsbetterforwakingup?35.PossiblythedifferenttonesinitSimplythesinglesoundof“beeping”So,isthereabetterwaytowakeupSo,whatisabetterwaytowakeupButforthosewhodo,careshouldbetakenItmeansapersonhasaheavyfeelingwhenwakingupTheyalsoexpressedhowtheyfeelaboutthatsoundandhowtheyfeelwhentheywakeup第二部分完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A,B,C,D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Jeanisjustlikeanaverage14-year-oldinmanyways.Shelovessinging,usingTikTok（抖音短視頻國(guó)際版）,and36withherfriends.Butyou'llfindthatshe'sactuallyquite37.Infact,thisteenager's38achievementisearningamaster'sdegreeinenvironmentalscienceandsustainableengineering.Thebrilliantteen'sschooling39beganininstitutionsforgifted40.Shewouldattend41schoolinthemorningandtakeheronlinehighschoolmodulesatnightat8yearsold.Afterfinishinghighschool,Janewentonto42herbachelor'sdegreeatage12.Intotal,shenowhasthreedegreestoher43!

Janeisstilluncertainaboutthe44she'sgoingtotake,butsheknowsthatshewantsittoinvolveSTEM（理工科統(tǒng)稱）.Infact,she'sstartedtakingstepstowardsthatgoalby45back.Lastyear,JanewentonatriptoSouthAfrica.There,shemetafewlocalgirlswho46herpassionforSTEM.However,theydidn'thavethesame47shehadbackintheUS.This48hertodevelopaplantobringSTEMlabstothem.Shestartedfundraiserstobuythingssuchasmicroscopesand49,whichshehopestobringtoCapeTownonceCOVID-19restrictionshave50.Janeknowsthatit'srareforateentohavesuchalonglistof51.However,shesaysthatitonly52onething.“Togetwhereyouwanttobe,youhavetobecommitted,”shesaid.“Whenpeoplereadmy53Idon'twantthemtobelike,‘Ohshe'ssosmart,Ican54dothat.'Iwantthemtothink‘She'ssogoal-driven.Ineedtobe55.'andthusfeelmotivated.”36.A.catchingupB.hangingoutC.movingawayD.goingin37.A.extraordinaryB.seriousC.shyD.curious38.A.hardestB.latestC.furthestD.richest39.A.experimentB.researchC.journeyD.advantage40.A.adultsB.seniorsC.babiesD.children41.A.graduateB.highC.regularD.language42.A.receiveB.recordC.preferD.practise43.A.knowledgeB.nameC.tasteD.relief44.A.adviceB.chanceC.breakD.path45.A.fightingB.lookingC.steppingD.giving46.A.recognizedB.doubtedC.sharedD.understood47.A.resourcesB.coursesC.informationD.response48.A.forcedB.inspiredC.askedD.persuaded49.A.paintsB.camerasC.microphonesD.computers50.A.startedB.developedC.easedD.switched51.A.accomplishmentsB.requirementsC.interestsD.ideas52.A.boilsdowntoB.givesrisetoC.looksforwardtoD.getsusedto53.A.reportB.paperC.storyD.article54.A.alsoB.neverC.justD.finally55.A.cleverB.modestC.cautiousD.determined第II卷溫馨提示：將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共四節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Inrecentyears,veganism（純素食主義）hasbecomeoneofthefastest-growinglifestyle56（trend）intheworld.Over3millionpeopleintheUSareveganswhileabout542,000Britishpeople57_（choose）veganismoverthepast10years.Whatisdrivingthisgrowthinveganism?First,peopleattachimportancetoprotectingtheenvironment.Theythinkproducingmeatanddairyproductsis58（stress）fortheenvironment.Accordingtoarecentstudy,globalmeatmanufacturinghascaused18%oftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissions.Thisfigureis59（high）thanthatofalltheworld'scars,trainsandplanescombined.Second,manyyoungpeople60（convince）thatit'scrueltokillanimalsforfoodandbecomingveganis61ethical（倫理的）decision.Veganismdoesn'tsimplymeans62（eat）nomeat,cheeseoreggs.Italsoapplies63fashionandmanufacturing.Everyyearmorethanabillionanimalsarekilled64.（produce）leatherproductsfromtheirskins.Now,manybrandsareseekingforsubstitutions（替代品）.So65theideaofprotectinganimalsandsavingenvironmentappealstoyou,giveveganismatry.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)概要寫作（滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。（請(qǐng)標(biāo)注要點(diǎn)和詞數(shù)））Teenagers'fitnessisnowamajorconcernandphysicalexerciseisveryimportant.Itreducesstressandimprovesfitness.Exercisemakesyourbodystrongandhelpsyoutokeeptherightbodyweight.Sportsscientistsofferthefollowingadvicetoteenagers:First,findoutyourpresentleveloffitness.Thenyoucandesignaprogrammethatwillhelpyoubecomehealthier.Therearethreelevelsoffitnessthatneedachangeoflifestyle.“Overweight”meansthatthepersongetsverylittleexerciseandoftenhasaseriousweightproblem.“Inactive”meansthatthepersondoesnotjoininmanyphysicalactivities,butisnotseriouslyoverweight.“Active”referstopeoplewhotakepartinsportsandotherphysicalactivities,butdonothaveahighfitnesslevel.Accordingtoexperts,overweightteenagersshouldworkouttokeephealthy.Rideabike,playvolleyballorbasketballforawhile,andgoforatwenty-minutewalkeachday.Allthesewillhelptoburncalories.Inactiveteenagersshoulddosimilaractivities,butaddsomebendingandstretchingexercises,suchaspush-upsandsit-ups,startingwithtwentyofeachaday.Inactivepeoplecantakealittlemoreexercisethanoverweightpeoplebecausetheirbodiesarestronger.Thesameruleisalsosuitableforactiveteenagers.Expertsalsosuggestonehouraweekormoreonrunningandotherformsofintensiveexercise,togetherwithfifteenminutesadayspentonstretchingandbendingactivities.Theyarereallyimportantinordertopreventinjuries.Someweight-trainingandotherbody-strengtheningexercisescouldalsobeplannedintheprogrammeinordertoincreasetheperson'sstrength.第二節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分25分）假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友David原本打算今年暑假來(lái)中國(guó)旅游，因疫情而取消行程。請(qǐng)你給他寫封郵件，向他推薦中國(guó)線上旅游推介活動(dòng)系列視頻“VisitingChinaOnline”。內(nèi)容包括：1.表示遺憾；2.推薦系列視頻并說(shuō)明原因；3.邀請(qǐng)他明年再來(lái)中國(guó)。1.詞數(shù)80-100；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。【參考詞匯】線上旅游推介活動(dòng)onlinetourismpromotionalactivityDearDavid,Yours,LiHua惠州市2021屆高三第一次調(diào)研考試參考答案【閱讀理解】21-23.BDA24-26.BCA27-30.DCBD【七選五】31-35.CGFEA【完形填空】36-40.BABCD41-45.CABDD46-50.CABDC51-55.AACBD【語(yǔ)法填空】56.trends57.havechosen58.stressful59.higher60.areconvinced61.an62.eating63.to64.toproduce65.if【概要寫作】Possibleversion1:Physicalexerciseplaysasignificantroleinteenagers'fitness.Teenagersareadvisedtoidentifytheirfitnessleveltodesignahealthprogramme.（要點(diǎn)1）“Overweight”,“inactive”and“active”arethethreelevelsoffitnessthaturgeonetochangehislifestyle.（要點(diǎn)2）Inadditiontocalorie-burningexercisesthatoverweightteenagersshoulddo,inactiveandactiveteenagersareadvisedtoexercisemoreduetotheirstrongbodies.（要點(diǎn)3）Furthermore,intensiveexerciseisvitaltoinjury-preventionwhilebody-strengtheningexerciseshelpbuildupone'sphysicalstrength.（要點(diǎn)4）（79words）Possibleversion2:Physicalexerciseisbeneficialtoteenagers'health.Teenagersareadvisedtofigureouttheirfitnesslevelandmakeaplantokeepfit.（要點(diǎn)1）Therearethreelevelsofphysicalstates,namely“Overweight”,“Inactive”and“Active”,whichurgeachangeoflifestyle.（要點(diǎn)2）Accordingtodifferentfitnesslevels,expertssuggestteenagersdocalorie-burningexercises,bendingandstretchingexercises.（要點(diǎn)3）Besides,intensiveexerciseandbody-strengtheningexercisesarerecommendedtoavoidinjuriesandbuildupone'sstrength.（要點(diǎn)4）（73words）【概要寫作】各檔次的給分范圍和要求（總分15分））：檔次描述第五檔（13—15）理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)。能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。完全使用自己的語(yǔ)言。第四檔（10—12）理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋絕大部分要點(diǎn)。使用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯可能有些許錯(cuò)誤，但完全不影響意義表達(dá)。比較有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。有個(gè)別整句抄自原文。第三檔(7—9)理解較為準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋大部分要點(diǎn)。所使用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯雖有些錯(cuò)誤，但不影