考研考博-英語-合肥共達(dá)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-合肥共達(dá)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Nationalandinternational（）isindispensableifvictoryistobeachieved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sociology

B.isolation

C.solidarity

D.solo

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sociologyn.社會(huì)學(xué)；B選項(xiàng)isolationn.隔離，孤立；C選項(xiàng)solidarityn.團(tuán)結(jié)，團(tuán)結(jié)一致；D選項(xiàng)solon.獨(dú)奏，獨(dú)唱曲。句意：如果要取得勝利，國(guó)家和國(guó)際力量的團(tuán)結(jié)必不可少。因此只有C項(xiàng)符合句意和搭配。

2.單選題

Thoughfinedseveraltimes,hestill（）noimportancetohisoldhabits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.clings

C.sticks

D.attaches

【答案】D

【解析】attachimportanceto為固定搭配,意為“重視,注意”。句意：盡管被罰了幾次款,他仍然不重視他的舊習(xí)慣。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

3.單選題

Moststudentsarriveatcollegeusing“discrete,concreteandabsolutecategoriestounderstandpeople,knowledge,andvalues.”Thesestudentslivewithadualisticview,seeing“theworldinpolartermsofwe-right-goodvs.other-wrong-bad.”Thesestudentscannotacknowledgetheexistenceofmorethanonepointofviewtowardanyissue.Thereisone“right”way.Andbecausetheseabsolutesareassumedbyorimposedontheindividualfromexternalauthority,theycannotbepersonallysubstantiatedorauthenticatedbyexperience.Thesestudentsareslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities.Aneyeforaneye!Capitalpunishmentisaptjusticeformurder.TheBiblesaysso.

Moststudentsbreakthroughthedualisticstagetoanotherequallyfrustratingstage—multiplicity.Withinthisstage,studentsseeavarietyofwaystodealwithanygiventopicorproblem.However,whilethesestudentsacceptmultiplepointsofview,theyareunabletoevaluateorjustifythem.Tohaveanopinioniseveryone’sright.Whilestudentsinthedualisticstageareunabletoproduceevidencetosupportwhattheyconsidertobeself-evidentabsolutes,studentsinthemultiplisticstageareunabletoconnectinstancesintocoherentgeneralizations.Everyassertion,everypoint,isvalid.Intheirdemocracytheyaredirectionless.Capitalpunishment?Whatsenseisthereinansweringonemurderwithanother?

Thethirdstageofdevelopmentfindsstudentslivinginaworldofrelativism.Knowledgeisrelative:rightandwrongdependonthecontext.Nolongerrecognizingthevalidityofeachindividualideaoraction,relativistsexamineeverythingtofinditsplaceinanoverallframework.Whilethemultiplistviewstheworldasunconnected,almostrandom,therelativistseeksalwaystoplacephenomenaintocoherentlargerpatterns.Studentsinthisstageviewtheworldanalytically.Theyappreciateauthorityforitsexpertise,usingittodefendtheirowngeneralizations.Inaddition,theyacceptorrejectostensibleauthorityaftersystematicallyevaluatingitsvalidity.Inthisstage,however,studentsresistdecisionmaking.Sufferingtheambivalenceoffindingseveralconsistentandacceptablealternatives,theyarealmostoverwhelmedbydiversityandneedmeansformanagingit.Capitalpunishmentisappropriatejustice—insomeinstances.

Inthefinalstagestudentsmanagediversitythroughindividualcommitment.Studentsdonotdenyrelativism.Rathertheyassertanidentitybyformingcommitmentsandassumingresponsibilityforthem.Theygatherpersonalexperienceintoacoherentframework,abstractprinciplestoguidetheiractions,andusetheseprinciplestodisciplineandgoverntheirthoughtsandactions.Theindividualhaschosentojoinaparticularcommunityandagreestolivebyitstenets.Theaccusedhashadthebenefitofdueprocesstoguardhiscivilrights,ajuryofpeershasfoundhimguilty,andthestatehastherighttoendhislife.ThisisaprinciplemycommunityandIendorse.

31.Studentswhoare“dualistic”thinkersmaynotbeabletosupporttheirbeliefsconvincinglybecause________.

32.Whichoneofthefollowingassertionsissupportedbythepassage?

33.Inparagraphtwo,theauthorstatesthatintheir“democracy”studentsinthemultiplicitystagearedirectionless.Thewriterdescribesmultiplicitystudentsasbeingina“democracy”because________.

34.WhichoneofthefollowingkindsofthinkingisNOTdescribedinthepassage?

35.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthemessage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostoftheirbeliefscannotbesupportedbyarguments

B.theyhaveacceptedtheir“truths”simplybecauseauthoritieshavesaidthesethingsare“true”

C.theyhalf-believeandhalf-disbelievejustabouteverything

D.theirteachersalmostalwaysthinkthat“dualistic”thinkersarewrong

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Committedthinkersarenotverysureoftheirpositions.

B.Relativisticthinkershavelearnedhowtomakesenseoutoftheworldandhavechosentheirownpositionsinit.

C.Multiplicitythinkershavedifficultyunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweendifferentpointsofview.

D.Dualisticthinkershavethoughtoutthereasonsfortakingtheirpositions.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therearesomanydifferentkindsofpeopleinademocracy

B.inan“ideal”democracy,allpeopleareconsideredequal;byextension,soaretheiropinions

C.Democratsgenerallydonothaveagoodsenseofdirection

D.inademocracytheindividualhasultimateauthorityoverhimself,notthestate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewhoassurethatthereisnorightorwronginanyissue.

B.Peoplewhomakeunreasonedcommitmentsandstickbythem.

C.Peoplewhobelievethatrightorwrongdependsonthesituation.

D.Peoplewhothinkthatallbehaviorcanbeaccountedforbycauseandeffectrelationships.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Fourmethodsofthoughtarecomparedandcontrasted.

B.Itisshownhoweachoffourtypesofthoughtevolvedfromeachother.

C.Fourmethodsofthoughtarepresented,andeachisshowntocomplementtheother.

D.Theevolutionofthoughtthroughfourstagesispresented,andeachstageisillustratedbyhowitviewscapitalpunishment.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】31.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第五、六句Andbecausetheseabsolutesareassumedbyorimposedontheindividualfromexternalauthority,theycannotbepersonallysubstantiatedorauthenticatedbyexperience.Thesestudentsareslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities.（因?yàn)檫@些絕對(duì)的東西是由外部權(quán)威假定或強(qiáng)加給個(gè)人的，不能被個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)證實(shí)或驗(yàn)證。這些學(xué)生被權(quán)威所概括的東西奴隸。），可知持二元論的人所認(rèn)為的真理是權(quán)威灌輸?shù)?，不能被個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)證實(shí)或驗(yàn)證，所以可能無法令人信服，B選項(xiàng)“他們視這些東西為‘真理’，僅僅是因?yàn)闄?quán)威說這些是‘真實(shí)的’”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們的大多數(shù)信仰都沒有論據(jù)支持”：根據(jù)第二段第五句studentsinthedualisticstageareunabletoproduceevidencetosupportwhattheyconsidertobeself-evidentabsolutes（處于二元論階段的學(xué)生無法提供證據(jù)來支持他們認(rèn)為是不言而喻的絕對(duì)真理），可知二元論拿不出論據(jù)支持，而不是大多數(shù)信仰沒有論據(jù)支持，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)任何事情都是將信將疑”和D選項(xiàng)“他們的老師幾乎總是認(rèn)為‘二元’思想是錯(cuò)誤的”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

32.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四句themultiplistviewstheworldasunconnected,almostrandom,therelativistseeksalwaystoplacephenomenaintocoherentlargerpatterns.（多元論者認(rèn)為世界是不相連的，幾乎是隨機(jī)的，相對(duì)主義者總是試圖將現(xiàn)象置于連貫的更大模式中。），可知多元論者不把各個(gè)觀點(diǎn)聯(lián)系在一起，所以C選項(xiàng)“多樣性思考者很難理解不同觀點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“承諾性思想家不太確定自己的立場(chǎng)”：根據(jù)第四段第一句Inthefinalstagestudentsmanagediversitythroughindividualcommitment.（在最后階段，學(xué)生們通過個(gè)人承諾來管理多樣性。）和倒數(shù)第三句Theindividualhaschosentojoinaparticularcommunityandagreestolivebyitstenets.（個(gè)人選擇加入一個(gè)特定的社區(qū)，并同意按照它的原則生活。），可知承諾性思想家有自己的立場(chǎng)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“相對(duì)主義思想家已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了如何在這個(gè)世界上有意義，并選擇了他們自己的立場(chǎng)”：根據(jù)第三段第三句Nolongerrecognizingthevalidityofeachindividualideaoraction,relativistsexamineeverythingtofinditsplaceinanoverallframework.（相對(duì)主義者不再承認(rèn)每個(gè)個(gè)體的想法或行動(dòng)的有效性，他們檢查每一件事，以在整體框架中找到它的位置。），可知相對(duì)主義者沒有特定的立場(chǎng)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“二元論的思考者已經(jīng)考慮了堅(jiān)定他們立場(chǎng)的原因”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第四句Thesestudentsareslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities.（這些學(xué)生是他們權(quán)威所概括的東西的奴隸。），二元論者的觀點(diǎn)是被灌輸?shù)模麄儧]有想過為什么有這樣的立場(chǎng)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

33.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Tohaveanopinioniseveryone’sright.（發(fā)表意見是每個(gè)人的權(quán)利。）和第六句Everyassertion,everypoint,isvalid.（每一個(gè)斷言，每一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，都是有效的。），可知在多元論中，每個(gè)人每個(gè)觀點(diǎn)都一樣受到尊重，所以B選項(xiàng)“在‘理想的’民主中，所有的人都被認(rèn)為是平等的；推而廣之，他們的觀點(diǎn)也是如此”正確；沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)人和觀點(diǎn)的多樣，故A選項(xiàng)“民主主義允許存在不同種類的人”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“民主黨人通常沒有很好的方向感”：根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句Intheirdemocracytheyaredirectionless.（在他們的民主中，他們是沒有方向的。），這里指的是思想的方向，而非物理方向，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“在民主政體中，個(gè)人對(duì)自己擁有最高權(quán)力，而不是國(guó)家”：這里的民主講的是思想，而非政治，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

34.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“確信任何問題都沒有對(duì)錯(cuò)之分的人”：根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第四句，持多元論的人認(rèn)為Everyassertion,everypoint,isvalid.（每一個(gè)斷言，每一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，都是有效的。），符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“做出不合理承諾并堅(jiān)守承諾的人”：根據(jù)第一段第五、六句，持二元論的人盲目聽從theseabsolutesareassumedbyorimposedontheindividualfromexternalauthority（由外部權(quán)威假定或強(qiáng)加給個(gè)人的絕對(duì)的東西），繼而areslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities（被權(quán)威所概括的東西奴隸），符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“相信對(duì)錯(cuò)取決于情況的人”：根據(jù)第三段第二句rightandwrongdependonthecontext（對(duì)與錯(cuò)取決于語境），符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為所有行為都可以用因果關(guān)系來解釋的人”：文章沒有提及，不符合文章意思，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

35.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章層層遞進(jìn)講解了學(xué)生思想發(fā)展的四個(gè)階段，每個(gè)階段用對(duì)死刑的看法進(jìn)行具體的說明和區(qū)分，所以D選項(xiàng)“通過四個(gè)階段的思想演變，每一個(gè)階段都是通過它如何看待死刑來說明的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“比較和對(duì)比了四種思維方法”：概括不全面，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“展示了四種類型的思想是如何相互演化的”和C選項(xiàng)“提出四種思維方式，并且每一種方法都是相輔相成的”：文章沒有提到這四種思維方式的具體關(guān)系如相互演化或相輔相成，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Jackisnotverydecisive,andhealwaysfindshimselfina（

）asifhedoesn'tknowwhathereallywantstodo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.dilemma

C.contradiction

D.conflict

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想，幻覺”；dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難”；contradiction“矛盾，否認(rèn)，反駁”；conflict“沖突，斗爭(zhēng)”。句意：杰克做事不果敢，他經(jīng)常進(jìn)退兩難，不知道做什么。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Corporationsasagroupofferavarietyofjobs.Mostlargecompaniessendpeopletocollegestocollegestointerviewgraduatingstudentswiththerequiredacademictraining.Alargeuniversitymayhavemorethan500companiesayearknockingonitsdoors.Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.

Corporations,however,illustratetherulethatthebiggestisn’talwaysthebest.Manysmallfirmswithjustafewhundredemployeeshavepositionsthatmaycorrespondwithyourprofessiongoals,too.Suchfirmsmaynothavethetime,money,orneedtosendpeoplearoundtoyourcollege;you’llprobablyhavetocontactthemyourselfeitherdirectlyorthroughanemploymentagency.Don’tignoretheselittlecompanies.Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.

Forexample,asmallcompanymayneedabrightengineering,accountingormanagementgraduatewhowouldreportdirectlytotheseniorvice-presidentofengineering,thecompanycontroller,orthegeneralmanager.Inlargerfirmsitmaytakeyearstoreachlevelandaccumulatesimilarin-depthexperience.Inaddition,responsibilitiesmaycomefasterinasmallfirmwithlessspecializationandfewerlower-levelemployeestoreceivedelegatedauthority.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoflargecorporations?

3.Theword“Their”(paragraph2,line6)refersto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofsmallfirm?

5.Withwhomisthepassagemostprobablyconcerned?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.todefinecorporationsandfirms

B.toshowtherelationbetweenfirmsandcolleges

C.toinformthejob-seekeroftheemploymentrequirements

D.togiveadescriptionofcorporationsforcollegestudents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyonlyemploycollegegraduates.

B.Theycanoffermanyjobopportunities.

C.Theyhavemanysub-companiesnationwide.

D.Theirrequirementsareverycompetitive.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.corporations’

B.graduatingstudents’

C.smallfirms’

D.employers’

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaybeunnecessaryforthemtosendpeopletocolleges.

B.Theiremployeesmaybepromotedmorequickly.

C.Theymayofferpositionswhichyoudemand.

D.Theycannotaffordtosendpeopletocollege.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Students

B.Employers

C.Employees

D.Engineers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開篇為我們介紹corporations的一些特點(diǎn)：corporations提供各種類型的工作；平均每年有超過500家corporations會(huì)派面試人員去高校找尋合適的高校畢業(yè)人才；大公司有相對(duì)完善的職工培訓(xùn)和退休機(jī)制，每年的年產(chǎn)值能創(chuàng)造出上千個(gè)工作崗位。接下來說明大企業(yè)也有一些缺陷，這些缺陷正是小公司的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在，為此作者還詳細(xì)說明了這些優(yōu)勢(shì)的具體表現(xiàn)。文章最后舉例說明與大企業(yè)相比較，小公司對(duì)畢業(yè)生而言的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文通過比較論證讓我們更加清楚什么是corporation。A選項(xiàng)“定義corporations和firms”；B選項(xiàng)“展示公司和大學(xué)之間的關(guān)系”；C選項(xiàng)“告知求職者有關(guān)的就業(yè)要求”都不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)“為大學(xué)生描述公司”正確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第一段“Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.（大公司是最適合工作的地方，因?yàn)樗鼈兊恼Ｔ鲩L(zhǎng)、員工退休和人員流動(dòng)每年在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)創(chuàng)造了成千上萬的工作機(jī)會(huì)。）”可知大企業(yè)工作機(jī)會(huì)很多。A選項(xiàng)“他們只雇傭大學(xué)畢業(yè)生”說法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“他們可以提供很多工作機(jī)會(huì)”正確；C選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谌珖?guó)有很多子公司”和D選項(xiàng)“他們的職位需求很有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第五句話“Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.（他們的薪水通常很有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，晉升和認(rèn)可的機(jī)會(huì)甚至比大公司還要大。）”。由此可知這里是拿大公司的薪水與小公司的薪水相比。A選項(xiàng)“公司的”；B選項(xiàng)“畢業(yè)生的”；D選項(xiàng)“老板的”都不符合題意，C選項(xiàng)“小公司的”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.（你可以成為一個(gè)小池塘里的大魚，比你爬上一個(gè)公司巨頭競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最激烈的階梯更快地到達(dá)另一個(gè)高層位置。）”可知小公司提供的職位比你想要的還高。A選項(xiàng)“他們可能沒有必要送人上大學(xué)”；B選項(xiàng)“他們的員工可能會(huì)升職更快”；D選項(xiàng)“他們供不起員工上大學(xué)”文章都有提到，C選項(xiàng)“他們可能提供你需要的職位”說法錯(cuò)誤，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。從文中第一段說很多大企業(yè)去校園進(jìn)行招聘并述說了你在大或者小企業(yè)里各自所獲他們各自的工作優(yōu)勢(shì)，可知本文是想給那些學(xué)生尤其是即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生介紹一些有關(guān)大企業(yè)和小公司的特點(diǎn)，為他們就業(yè)提供更多參考。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生”；B選項(xiàng)“雇主”；C選項(xiàng)“員工”；D選項(xiàng)“工程師”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsemployeestoreducetheirstress.

B.Itpreventsemployeesfromfeelingbored.

C.Itstrengthensharmonyamongemployees.

D.Ithelpsemployeestoviewthingspositively.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Weekendsareconducivetoreducingstress.

B.Humorisvitaltointerpersonalrelationships.

C.Allworkersexperiencesomeemotionalstress.

D.Humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutinetasks.11.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smashthetoystoreleasetheirbottled-upresentments.

B.Takethebossdollapartaslongastheyreassembleit.

C.Designandinstallstress-reducinggadgets.

D.Strikeatthebossdollashardastheylike.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

“Toomanypeopleviewtheirjobsasafive-dayprisonwhichtheyareparoledeveryFriday,”saysJoelGoodman,founderoftheHumorProject,ahumorconsultinggroupinSaratogaSprings,NewYork.Humorunlockstheofficeprisonbecauseitletsadultsbringsomeoftheirchildlikespirittothejob.

AccordingtoHowardPollio,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,anofficewithhumorbreaksisanofficewithsatisfiedandproductiveemployees.[10]Pollioconductedastudythatprovedhumorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks.Employeesperformbetterwhentheyhavefun.Inlargecorporationswithahierarchyofpower,thereisoftennooutletforstress.“Everycompanyneedsundergroundwaysofpokingfunattheorganization,”saysLynnM.Mark,aspeakeronworkplacehumorforSaintMary’sHealthCenterinSaintLouis.

Kodak’sRochester,NewYorkbranchdiscoveredawayforits20,000employeestouncorktheirbottled-upresentments.[9]Their1,000-square-foothumorroomfeaturesatoystore.Amongtheroom’smanystress-reducinggadgets,themainattractionisabossdollwithdetachablearmsandlegs.[11]Employeescantakethedollapartaslongastheyputitsarmsandlegsbackinplace.

SandyCohen,ownerofagraphicprintproductionbusiness,createdthequoteboardtodocumentthebizarrephrasespeoplesaywhenunderstrictdeadlines.“Whenyou’reunderstress,yousaystupidthings,”saysCohen.Nowwejustlookateachotherandsay“That’soneforthequoteboard”.

9.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouthumorintheworkplace?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于職場(chǎng)中的幽默，這篇短文說了什么？錄音提到了職場(chǎng)幽默的例子，其中一個(gè)是柯達(dá)紐約羅徹斯特分公司的humorroom“幽默房間”，該房間里有很多讓人減輕壓力的物件（stress-reducinggadgets），其中之一是可拆卸的“老板玩偶”。由此可知，職場(chǎng)的幽默可以讓人減輕壓力，A選項(xiàng)“它能幫助員工減輕壓力”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“它讓員工不再無聊”；C選項(xiàng)“它使員工之間的關(guān)系更和諧”和D選項(xiàng)“它幫助員工積極地看待事物”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，所以可排除。

10.WhatdoesthestudybyHowardPollioshow?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問HowardPollio的研究表明了什么？錄音提到HowardPollio的研究證明了幽默能幫助員工出色地完成日常的工作任務(wù)（humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks），D選項(xiàng)“幽默可以幫助員工在日常工作中表現(xiàn)出色”是錄音原文的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“周末有助于減輕壓力”和B選項(xiàng)“幽默對(duì)人際關(guān)系極其重要”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“所有的員工均遭受情緒壓力”，這并不是HowardPollio的研究結(jié)論，因此可排除。

11.WhatcanKodak’semployeesdointhehumorroom?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問柯達(dá)的員工在“幽默房間”可以做什么事？錄音提到了humorroom中有可拆卸的“老板玩偶”，員工可以把“老板玩偶”拆掉，不過拆后得把玩偶的手和腳拼回去。B選項(xiàng)中的reassembleit“重新組裝”對(duì)應(yīng)錄音的putitsarmsandlegsbackinplace，因此B選項(xiàng)“把‘老板玩偶’拆掉，拆后再重新組裝”正確。A選項(xiàng)“把玩具砸碎以發(fā)泄?jié)M腔怨恨”和D選項(xiàng)“狠狠地揍‘老板玩偶’，多狠都可以”表述過于絕對(duì)，忽略了“拆后重新組裝”這個(gè)條件，因此不正確；C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)、安裝減輕壓力的物件”在錄音中沒有提及，因此可排除。

7.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)的”；B選項(xiàng)thrifty“節(jié)儉的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C選項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)省的，節(jié)儉的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D選項(xiàng)careful“小心地，仔細(xì)地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“當(dāng)心，注意”。根據(jù)Althoughhehasbecomerich與of可知選C。句意：雖然他變得富有了，但他仍然很節(jié)儉。

8.單選題

Thenews,thoughnotwhollybad,wasso______thatIcouldnolongerconcentrateonmywork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturbing

B.disastrous

C.anxious

D.regretful

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.disturbing令人不安的，煩擾的B.disastrous災(zāi)難性的，損失慘重的

C.anxious焦慮的，擔(dān)憂的D.regretful后悔的，遺憾的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句的意思“無法再專心工作”可知，這個(gè)news是令人煩擾的，故A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】這消息雖然不全是壞消息，但卻使我心煩意亂，無法再專心工作。

9.單選題

Myth.（）,SirIsaacNewtondescribedthelawsofgravitation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wasaseventeenth-centuryscientist

B.Whowasseventeenth-centuryscientist

C.Aseventeenth-centuryscientist

D.Whenwasaseventeenth-centuryscientist

【答案】C

【解析】語法題?？崭窈竺媸峭暾木渥樱虼丝崭癫糠忠词菑木?，要么是同位語解釋說明SirIsaacNewton，故排除A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，who引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)一般如下：名詞/代詞+who+從句，因此B項(xiàng)排除。而17世紀(jì)科學(xué)家是一個(gè)持續(xù)性概念，一般不會(huì)說“當(dāng)他是一個(gè)17世紀(jì)科學(xué)家的時(shí)候”，所以C項(xiàng)正確。句意：17世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家艾薩克?牛頓爵士對(duì)萬有引力定律進(jìn)行了描述。

10.單選題

Researchershavestudiedthepoorasindividuals,asfamiliesandhouseholds,asmembersofpoorcommunities,neighborhoodsandregions,asproductsoflargerpovertycreatingstructures.Theyhavebeenanalyzedasvictimsofcrimeandcriminals,asmembersofminoritycultures,aspassiveconsumersofmasscultureandactiveproducersofa“counterculture”,asparticipantsintheinformaleconomy,asinventionsofsurvivalstrategies,asaneconomicburdenandasareservearmyoflabor—tomentionjustsomeofthepreoccupationsofpovertyresearch.

Theelites,whooccupythesmallupperstratumwithinthecategoryofthenon-poor,andtheirfunctionsintheemergenceandreproductionofpovertyareasinterestingandimportantanobjectforpovertyresearchasthepoorthemselves.Theeliteshaveimagesofthepoorandofpovertywhichshapetheirdecisionsandactions.Sofar,littleisknownaboutthoseimages,exceptastheyaresketchilyportrayedinpopularstereotypes.Theelitesmaywellignoreordenytheexternaleffectsoftheirownactions(andomissions)uponthelivingconditionsofthepoor.Manysocialscientistsmaytakeaverydifferentview.Aspovertyemergedandwasreproduced,legalframeworkswerecreatedtocontaintheproblemsitcausedwithprofound,andlargelyunknown,consequencesforthepoorthemselves.Ingeneral,political,educationalandsocialinstitutionstendtoignoreorevendamagetheinterestsofthepoor.Inconstructingaphysicalinfrastructurefortransport,industry,tradeandtourism,thesettlementsofthepoorareoftenthefirsttosufferortobeleftstandingandexposedtopollution,noiseandcrowding.

Mostimportantaretheeconomicfunctionsofpoverty,as,forlackofotheroptionsthepoorareforcedtoperformactivitiesconsidereddegradingorunclean.Thepooraremorelikelytobuysecond-handgoodsandleftoverfoodstuffs,thusprolongingtheireconomicutility.Theyarelikelytousetheservicesoflow-qualitydoctors,teachersandlawyerswhomthenon-poorshyawayfrom.Povertyandthepoorserveanimportantsymbolicfunction,inremindingcitizensofthelotthatmaybefallthosewhodonotheedthevaluesofthrift,diligenceandcleanliness,andoftheconstantthreatthattherough,theimmoralandtheviolentrepresentfortherestofsociety.

Physically,thepoorandthenon-poorarekeptapart,throughdifferentiallanduseandghettoization.Socially,theyareseparatedthroughdifferentialparticipationinthelabormarket,theconsumptioneconomy,andinpolitical,socialandculturalinstitutions.Conceptually,theyaredividedthroughstereotypingandmediacliché.Thisseparationisevenmorepronouncedbetweentheelitesandthepoor.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,studyingtheelitesalsoshedslightonpovertyresearchbecause____.

2.Whilesocialscientistsaredevotingmuchoftheirefforttopovertyresearch,____.

3.Intheeyesofthesociety,____.

4.Theword“pronounced”inthelastsentenceofthepassageprobablymeans____.

5.Inthepassage,theauthorismainlyconcernedwith____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyarealsomembersofthesamesocietyasthepoor

B.theyplayanimportantroleincreatingandreproducingpoverty

C.solutionofthepovertyproblemisattheirmercy

D.theyknowthelivingconditionsofthepoorbetterthanothergroups

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.notenoughlegalframeworkshavebeencreatedtorelievetheconditionofthepoor

B.theyhavedonelittletoactuallyprovidereliefprogramsforthepoor

C.theyignoretheroleoftheelitesasanobjectforpovertyresearch

D.thepoorpeoplethemselvesdonotmuchappreciatesucheffort

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepoortendtosymbolizewhatlazyandevilpeopleturnouttobe

B.thepoorarenotworthyofthesympathythesocietyshowsthem

C.economicprejudiceismoreofanobstacletothesolutionofpoverty

D.thenon-poorshouldshowmoresympathyforthepoor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sympathetic

B.conspicuous

C.identifiable

D.unbridgeable

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.analyzingaproblem

B.providingasolution

C.definingasituation

D.outliningaproposal

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,studyingtheelitesalsoshedslightonpovertyresearchbecause____.根據(jù)作者的說法，研究精英階層也有助于貧困研究，因?yàn)開___。

A.theyarealsomembersofthesamesocietyasthepoorA.他們和窮人是同一個(gè)社會(huì)的成員

B.theyplayanimportantroleincreatingandreproducingpovertyB.他們?cè)谥圃旌驮僭熵毟F方面發(fā)揮著重要作用

C.solutionofthepovertyproblemisattheirmercyC.貧困問題的解決取決于他們

D.theyknowthelivingconditionsofthepoorbetterthanothergroupsD.他們比其他群體更了解窮人的生活條件

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theelites和povertyresearch定位到原文第二段第一句，該句提到“精英階層在貧困產(chǎn)生和再生中的作用（theirfunctionsintheemergenceandreproductionofpoverty），與窮人本身一樣，都是貧困研究中有趣而重要的研究對(duì)象（anobjectforpovertyresearch）?！庇纱丝芍?，研究精英階層也有助于貧困研究，是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谪毨Мa(chǎn)生和再生中的作用是貧困研究的研究對(duì)象。因此，B選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谥圃旌驮僭熵毟F方面發(fā)揮著重要作用”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們和窮人是同一個(gè)社會(huì)的成員”，原文并未提及，且與題干無關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“貧困問題的解決取決于他們”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“他們比其他群體更了解窮人的生活條件”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whilesocialscientistsaredevotingmuchoftheirefforttopovertyresearch,____.雖然社會(huì)科學(xué)家們正致力于貧困研究，但是____。

A.notenoughlegalframeworkshavebeencreatedtorelievetheconditionofthepoorA.沒有建立足夠的法律框架來緩解窮人的狀況

B.theyhavedonelittletoactuallyprovidereliefprogramsforthepoorB.他們幾乎沒有為窮人提供實(shí)際的救濟(jì)項(xiàng)目

C.theyignoretheroleoftheelitesasanobjectforpovertyresearchC.他們忽視了精英階層作為貧困研究對(duì)象的作用

D.thepoorpeoplethemselvesdonotmuchappreciatesucheffortD.窮人自己并不怎么感激這種努力

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞povertyresearch定位到原文第一、二段。原文第一段介紹了“貧困研究的一些關(guān)注點(diǎn)（someofthepreoccupationsofpovertyresearch）”；第二段第一句提到“精英階層（Theelites）在貧困產(chǎn)生和再生產(chǎn)中的作用，是貧困研究的研究對(duì)象（anobjectforpovertyresearch）”；第二句提到“精英們對(duì)窮人和貧困的印象（imagesofthepoorandofpoverty）影響了他們的決策和行動(dòng)”；第三句提到“到目前為止，人們對(duì)這些形象知之甚少（littleisknownaboutthoseimages）”。綜上所述，關(guān)于“精英們對(duì)窮人和貧困的印象”，社會(huì)科學(xué)家們了解得很少，那么關(guān)于“這些印象對(duì)精英們決策和行動(dòng)的影響作用”的研究也很少，即社會(huì)科學(xué)家們很少研究精英階層在貧困產(chǎn)生和再生產(chǎn)中的作用。因此，C選項(xiàng)“他們忽視了精英階層作為貧困研究對(duì)象的作用”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“沒有建立足夠的法律框架來緩解窮人的狀況”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“他們幾乎沒有為窮人提供實(shí)際的救濟(jì)項(xiàng)目”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“窮人自己并不怎么感激這種努力”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Intheeyesofthesociety,____.在社會(huì)的眼中，____。

A.thepoortendtosymbolizewhatlazyandevilpeopleturnouttobeA.窮人往往代表著懶惰和邪惡的人

B.thepoorarenotworthyofthesympathythesocietyshowsthemB.窮人不值得社會(huì)對(duì)他們的同情

C.economicprejudiceismoreofanobstacletothesolutionofpovertyC.經(jīng)濟(jì)偏見更多的是解決貧困問題的障礙

/r/