考研考博-英語-安陽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安陽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Theoldparadigmofuniversitiesasself-containedvillagesisbeingshatteredbynewtechnologiesandnewsocietalvalues,accordingtothecontributorstoTheUniversityinTransformation.

Theconventionalwisdomthatittakesasmallvillage—thecollegecampus—toproduceacollegegraduateunderliesthebasicstructureofmostuniversitiestoday.Thismodehaschangedsurprisinglylittlefromthatwhichemerged1,000yearsagoinmedievalEurope,Professorslecture,studentslisten,askquestions,andaretestedonhowwelltheyremembertheirprofessors’words.Butamillenniumlater,timeshavechanged.Likeitornot.Thethousand-year-oldidealofthecampusasavillage-pacedcommunityforscholarship,discussion,andresearchiseroding.Competingmodelsarebeginningtoemerge,incorporatingnewtechnologies,newformsoforganization,andnewsocialgoals.

TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday:Forinstance,whyshouldhighereducationcostsomuch,wheninformationnowcanbesoeasilyandcheaplysharedthroughtheInternetandothercomputer-basedtechnologies?Andwhymuststudentsregisterexclusivelyatoneinstitutiontopursueadegree,ratherthanfreelytakecoursesforcreditwhenandwherevertheybestmeettheirownparticularneeds?

ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUnity-avoluntarycommunityofscholar/teachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.

YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware,producedbyafewsuperstarteachers,marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.

Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation,thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent-orotherdangers-willnecessarilyfollow.Countermovementsarealsoatwork.

Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatif,forinstance,insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?FeministscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchild-careworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationshouldbeoneofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?”

Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrow’suniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogramsforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.Thiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlybelearningfromtheirstudentsaswellasinstructingthem.Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.

51.Aboutthebasicstructureofuniversities,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

52.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversity,______.

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialdangeroftheInternetUniversity?

54.Accordingtothereview,whatshouldbethefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation?

55.Judgingfromthethreenewrolesenvisionedfortomorrow’suniversityfaculty,universityteachers______.

問題1選項

A.Olduniversitieswerealwaysinvillages.

B.Thetraditionalidealofcampushasbeenstrengthened.

C.Theconventionalmodelhasradicallychangedinthepastmillennium.

D.Theself-containedparadigmischallengedbynewtechnologiesandvalues.

問題2選項

A.heisinfavorofit

B.hisviewisbalanced

C.heisambivalentaboutit

D.heisstronglycriticalofit

問題3選項

A.Teachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaylosetheirjobs.

B.Internetbasedcoursesmaybelesscostlythantraditionalones.

C.Internetbasedcoursewaremaylackvarietyincoursecontent.

D.TheInternetUniversitymayproduceteacherswithalotofpublicity.

問題4選項

A.Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.

B.Learninghowtosolvecurrentlocalandsocialproblems.

C.Researchingintosolutionstoprospectiveinternationalproblems.

D.Combiningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning.

問題5選項

A.arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch

B.arerequiredtooffermorecoursestotheirstudents

C.aresupposedtoassumemoredemandingduties

D.aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】51.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關(guān)于大學(xué)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，下面哪個陳述是正確的？”。根據(jù)第一段Theoldparadigmofuniversitiesasself-containedvillagesisbeingshatteredbynewtechnologiesandnewsocietalvalues（大學(xué)作為自給自足的村莊的舊范式正在被新技術(shù)和新的社會價值觀打破）可知D項“自成一體的范式受到新技術(shù)和價值觀的挑戰(zhàn)”正確。A項“以前的大學(xué)總是在農(nóng)村”，該項表述太絕對，文章并沒有提到以前的大學(xué)都在農(nóng)村；第二段倒數(shù)第二句提到Thethousand-year-oldidealofthecampusasavillage-pacedcommunityforscholarship,discussion,andresearchiseroding.（一千年來，人們一直認為校園是一個像村莊一樣的學(xué)術(shù)、討論和研究的社區(qū)，但這種理想正在逐漸消失）可知B項“傳統(tǒng)的校園理想得到了加強”錯誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句Theconventionalwisdomthatittakesasmallvillage—thecollegecampus—toproduceacollegegraduateunderliesthebasicstructureofmostuniversitiestoday.（傳統(tǒng)觀念認為，只有一個小村莊，即大學(xué)校園，才能培養(yǎng)出大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，這種觀念構(gòu)成了今天大多數(shù)大學(xué)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）可知C項“傳統(tǒng)模式在過去的千年里發(fā)生了根本性的變化”錯誤。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

52.觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“當書評人討論互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)時，……”。文章第四段講了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)的很多優(yōu)點：suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.（比如容易安排課程，同時高效率地向數(shù)千甚至數(shù)百萬學(xué)生提供講座，各地的學(xué)生隨時可以獲得世界各大圖書館的資源）；但是接著第五段就講述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)帶來的一些弊端：underselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork（會使傳統(tǒng)的紅磚白瓦的實體大學(xué)降低學(xué)費，從而讓他們迅速退出行業(yè)，并使成千上萬的職業(yè)學(xué)者失業(yè)）。結(jié)合上下文語境，書評人并沒有做出自己個人喜好的判斷，所以A項“他是支持的”、C項“他對此有矛盾的態(tài)度”和D項“他強烈批評”可以排除。因此，該題選擇B項“他的觀點是客觀公正的”正確。

53.細節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“以下哪項不被認為是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)的潛在危險？”。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork（除了強制實施嚴格的標準化課程外，這種“盒子里的大學(xué)教育”可能會會使傳統(tǒng)的紅磚白瓦的實體大學(xué)降低學(xué)費，從而讓他們迅速退出行業(yè)，并使成千上萬的職業(yè)學(xué)者失業(yè)）可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)的潛在危險包括：讓傳統(tǒng)的實體大學(xué)的老師失業(yè)，并且互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的課件內(nèi)容是有模板的，缺乏多樣化，另外網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程的成本比傳統(tǒng)的課程費用低，所以A項“傳統(tǒng)機構(gòu)的教師可能會失去他們的工作”、B項“基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的課程可能比傳統(tǒng)課程更便宜”和C項“基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的課件內(nèi)容缺乏多樣性”都屬于潛在危險，可以排除；D項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)可能會做很多宣傳培養(yǎng)教師”文中沒有提到培養(yǎng)老師。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

54.細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)本書評，大學(xué)教育的根本使命應(yīng)該是什么？”。第七段提到了大學(xué)教育的使命，第二句提到insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld（大學(xué)學(xué)生和教授可以把他們的學(xué)習(xí)和研究工作集中在他們當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和世界上存在的問題上，而不是主要接受技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和建立他們個人的職業(yè)生涯），由此可以推斷，大學(xué)教育的根本使命應(yīng)該是學(xué)習(xí)研究如何處理當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和世界上存在的問題，而不是接受技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和建立他們個人的職業(yè)生涯，所以A項“知識學(xué)習(xí)和職業(yè)建設(shè)”錯誤；B項“學(xué)習(xí)如何解決當前當?shù)睾蜕鐣栴}”正確；C項“研究未來國際問題的解決方案”表述與原文不符；D項“在學(xué)習(xí)中結(jié)合教師和學(xué)生的研究努力”這屬于完成使命中的過程，而不是使命的目標。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

55.細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“從未來大學(xué)教師的三個新角色來判斷，大學(xué)教師……”。文章最后一段提到了大學(xué)教師的三個角色，從第二句話Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogramsforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.（有些會充當中介，通過整合和搭配世界各地機構(gòu)的最佳課程，為每個學(xué)生量身定制學(xué)位-學(xué)分課程）可以推斷，大學(xué)教師的角色之一是向?qū)W生提供個性化和綜合性的課程，B項“被要求為他們的學(xué)生提供更多的課程”表述與原文不相符；第三句提到Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.（第二種類型是導(dǎo)師，其作用與今天的教師顧問很相似，但很可能在自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域之外帶更多的學(xué)生），可推斷D項“應(yīng)該用他們的專業(yè)指導(dǎo)更多的學(xué)生”也不符合原文；根據(jù)文章最后一句Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.（教師的第三個新角色，在吉德利看來也是最具挑戰(zhàn)性和最有益的角色，將是作為意義的創(chuàng)造者：富有魅力的圣人和實踐者，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)生和同事團隊共同努力，為具體的現(xiàn)實世界問題找到精神上的、理性的和技術(shù)上的解決方案）可推斷，大學(xué)教師的新角色之一就是需要承擔更多的職責，C項“應(yīng)該承擔更苛刻的職責”符合原文；A項“需要進行更多的獨立研究”在原文中沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

2.單選題

Thatisa______pointofview.Idon’tagreewithyou.

問題1選項

A.crystal

B.protein

C.union

D.conservative

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項crystal“水晶”；B選項protein“蛋白質(zhì)的”；C選項union“聯(lián)合”；D選項conservative“保守的”。句意：這觀點很______。我不同意你的看法。根據(jù)語境，D選項conservative“保守的”搭配pointofview比較合理，意思指這個觀點非常保守，符合題意。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Tounderstandthemechanismofthehumanbrain.

B.Toseeiftheyareinherenttraitsaffectinglearning.

C.Tocategorizedifferenttypesoflearners.

D.Tofindoutwhatstudentsprefertolearn.

問題2選項

A.Itwasoriginalindesign.

B.Itwasthought-provoking.

C.Itwasdefective.

D.Itwasmisguided.

問題3選項

A.Readingplaintextsismoreeffectivethanviewingpictures.

B.Scientificconceptsarehardtounderstandwithoutvisualaids.

C.Auditoryaidsareasimportantasvisualaids.

D.Visualaidsarehelpfultoalltypesoflearners.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Haveyoueverhadsomeonetrytoexplainsomethingtoyouadozentimeswithnoluck—butthen,whenyouseeapicture,theideafinallyclicks?Ifthatsoundsfamiliar,maybeyoumightconsideryourselfavisuallearner.Or,ifreadingorlisteningdoesthetrick,maybeyoufeellikeyou’reaverballearner.

Wecalltheselabelslearningstyles,butistherereallyawaytocategorizedifferenttypesofstudents?Well,itactuallyseemsthatmultiplepresentationformats,especiallyifoneofthemisvisual,helpmostpeoplelearn.

[16]Whenpsychologistsandeducatorstestforlearningstyles,they’retryingtofigureoutwhethertheseareinherenttraitsthataffecthowwellstudentslearn,insteadofjustapreference.Usually,theystartbygivingasurveytofigureoutwhatstyleastudentfavors,likevisualorverballearning.Then,theytrytoteachthestudentssomethingwithaspecificpresentationstyle,likeusingvisualaids,anddoafollow-uptesttoseehowmuchtheylearned.Thatway,theresearcherscanseeiftheself-identifiedverballearnersreallylearnedbetterwhentheinformationwasjustspokenaloud,forexample.

But,accordingtoa2008review,onlyonestudythatfollowedthisdesignfoundthatstudentsactuallylearnedbestwiththeirpreferredstyle.[17]Butthestudyhadsomebigflaws.Theresearchersexcludedtwothirdsoftheoriginalparticipantsbecausetheydidn’tseemtohaveanyclearlearningstylefromthesurveyatthebeginning,andtheydidn’tevenreporttheactualtestscoresinthefinalpaper.So...itdoesn’treallyseemlikelearningstylesareaninherenttraitthatweallhave.But,thatdoesn’tmeanthatallstudentswilldoamazinglyiftheyjustspendalltheirtimereadingfromatextbook.

Instead,mostpeopleseemtolearnbetterifthey’retaughtinseveralways,especiallyifoneisvisual.Inonestudy,researcherstestedwhetherstudentsrememberedlistsofwordsbetteriftheyheardthem,sawthem,orboth.Andeveryoneseemedtodobetteriftheygottoseethewordsinprint,eventheself-identifiedauditorylearners.Theirpreferencedidn’tseemtomatter.

Similarstudiestestedwhetherstudentslearnedbasicphysicsandchemistryconceptsbetterbyreadingplaintextorviewingpictures,too.[18]Andeveryonedidbetterwiththehelpofpictures.

16.Whydopsychologistsandeducatorsstudylearningstyles?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問為什么心理學(xué)家和教育家要研究學(xué)習(xí)方式？錄音提到，當心理學(xué)家和教育學(xué)家為學(xué)習(xí)方式做測試時，他們試圖弄清楚這些是否是影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效果的固有特征，因此B選項“看它們是否是影響學(xué)習(xí)的固有特征”符合錄音原文表述。A選項“了解人類大腦的機制”和D選項“找出學(xué)生更喜歡學(xué)什么”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；C選項“對不同類型的學(xué)習(xí)者進行分類”，利用錄音的categorizedifferenttypesofstudents設(shè)干擾，錄音中只是質(zhì)疑是否真的有辦法把不同類型的學(xué)生分類，這并不是心理學(xué)家和教育家研究學(xué)習(xí)方式的原因，因此C選項不正確。

17.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutonestudymentionedinthe2008review?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話者對2008年評論中提到的一項研究有何看法？錄音提到，這項研究存在一些重大缺陷，因此C選項“它是有缺陷的”正確。A選項“它在設(shè)計上是原創(chuàng)的”，利用錄音的original設(shè)干擾，錄音只是提到研究人員排除了三分之二的最初參與者，并未提到設(shè)計上的事，因此A選項不正確；B選項“它是發(fā)人深省的”和D選項“它被誤導(dǎo)了”在錄音中沒有信息提及。

18.Whatmessagedoesthespeakerwanttoconveyaboutlearningattheendoftalk?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問在談話的最后，說話者想傳達關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)的什么信息？錄音最后提到，類似的研究測試了學(xué)生通過閱讀純文本或觀看圖片是否能更好地學(xué)習(xí)基本的物理和化學(xué)概念，所有人在圖片的幫助下都做得更好。由此可知，D選項“視覺上的輔助對所有類型的學(xué)習(xí)者都有用”符合錄音原文表述。A選項“閱讀純文本比看圖片更有效”與錄音最后提到的實驗結(jié)果恰好相反，因此錯誤；B選項“沒有視覺輔助，科學(xué)概念很難理解”，錄音中未提及理解科學(xué)概念的難度，因此B選項屬于無中生有的錯誤選項；C選項“聽覺輔助和視覺輔助一樣重要”，錄音提到一項研究測試學(xué)生在聽、看和聽看并用的情況下記單詞的效果。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，所有學(xué)生在“看”單詞時，記單詞的效果最好，即使自認為偏好用“聽”來學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生也是這樣。由此可見，“看”應(yīng)該比“聽”效果更好，因此排除C選項。

4.單選題

Bythe1980s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedlyinconsistentdefinitionsofliteracy,aboutsevenoutoftenadultsintheworldwereconsideredliterate.Theincreaseinliteracyfromancienttimestothepresenthasnotbeenastoryofunbrokenprogress.Theabilityofpeoplewithinagivensocietytoreadandwritehasbeeninfluencedbyanumberoffactors,includingeconomicwell-being,theavailabilityofmaterialtoread,theamountofeducationavailable,andthebasicmatteroftheusefulnessofreading.

Ofthesefactors,usefulnesshasprobablybeenthemostdecisive.Inancientsocieties,aspeoplesettledintostablepatternsofagricultureandtrade,itbecameusefulforsomeofthemtoreadandwriteinordertokeeprecords,totransactbusiness,andtomeasureamountsofland,animals,goods,materials,andproduce.Sincealleconomicaspectsofasocietywerecloselytiedtotheoperationsofgovernment,literarybecameusefulandevennecessaryforthekeepingofrecordsbyofficials.TheresponsibilitiesofcitizenshipledtoafairlyhighlevelofliteracyinancientGreeceandRome,butinadditiontothat,therealsogrewanappreciationofgoodliterature,poetry,drama,history,andphilosophy.

DuringtheearlyMiddleAges,withthegeneralbreakdownofsocietyinEuropeandthedecreaseofcommerce,literarybecamelargelyconfinedtothechurch.ButinthelateMiddleAges,intheperiodoftheRenaissance,thegreatexpansionofcommerceandbankingledtoarevivalinliteracyforthesamereasonthathadcausedittoincreaseintheancientworldusefulness.

Withtheinventionoftheprintingpressandinexpensivepaperlateinthe15thcenturytherewasforthefirsttimeagreatavailabilityofreadingmaterialforamuchgreaternumberofpeople.Religiousreformerswereamongthefirsttoutilizethesituation,quicklygettingtranslationsoftheBibleandeducationaltractsandbookletsintothehandsofmanypeople.

Thebroadenedreligiousenlightenmentthatresultedwasfollowedinlatercenturiesbyapoliticalone.Politicaltheoristswhofavoreddoctrinespromotingthenaturalrightsofmancalledforanattackuponilliteracy.Politicalrevolutions,particularlyintheUnitedStatesandFrance,helpedinaugurateanerainwhichallclasseswerecalledupontobecomeinformedonpublicpolicyfortheirownwelfare.Againstthispoliticalbackgroundthereemergedthemovementforuniversalpopulareducation.Literacycametobeunderstoodasameanswherebytheindividualcouldbenefitandadvance,andgraduallywholesocietiesbegantoacknowledgethatuniversalliteracyamongtheircitizenswasanavenuetogreatereconomicwell-being.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.Fromthefirstparagraphweknow________.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemajordrivingforcebehindtheprogresstowardmoreliteracy?

4.IntheRenaissance,itwas________thatgreatlyexpandliteracy.

5.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout________.

問題1選項

A.Theprogressofliteracywasdominatedsuccessivelybyeconomy,religionandpolitics.

B.DuringtheearlyMiddleAges,withtheincreaseofcommerce,literacybecamelargelyconfinedtothechurch.

C.Theeconomicaspectisthemostrelatedtotheman’sreadingability.

D.IntheperiodoftheRenaissance,thegreatexpansionofreligionandbusinessledtoarevivalinliteracy.

問題2選項

A.itisfairlyeasytodetermineliteracy

B.thereisnoilliteracyinarichfamily

C.historyseesanevenprogresstowardsliteracy

D.inhistoryliteracysuffersupsanddowns

問題3選項

A.Theamountofeducation.

B.Theavailabilityofreadingmaterials.

C.Theeconomicdevelopment.

D.Thenecessitytoread.

問題4選項

A.thereligiousreforms

B.translationandpopularizationoftheBible

C.availabilityofprintingtechnologyandcheappaper

D.therenovationsoftheteachingmethods

問題5選項

A.thereligiousmovementsthatpromotedtheliteracyofthepublic

B.thenewprogresstowardsliteracyinitiatedbydemocraticsociety

C.modernpoliticalmovementtowardsademocraticsociety

D.politicalmovementsattheendoftheMiddleAgesfightingilliteracy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句thegreatexpansionofcommerceandbankingledtoarevivalinliteracyforthesamereasonthathadcausedittoincreaseintheancientworldusefulness.（商業(yè)和銀行業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了文化的復(fù)興，出于同樣的原因，使之在古代世界的效用增加。），結(jié)合第一段最后一句Theabilityofpeoplewithinagivensocietytoreadandwritehasbeeninfluencedbyanumberoffactors,includingeconomicwell-being,theavailabilityofmaterialtoread…（在特定社會中，人們的讀寫能力受到若干因素的影響，其中包括經(jīng)濟狀況、是否有可供閱讀的材料……），可知在諸多影響文化發(fā)展的文化中，經(jīng)濟條件是最具有決定性的，C選項“經(jīng)濟水平與人的閱讀能力關(guān)系最大”正確。A選項“文化的進步先后受到經(jīng)濟、宗教和政治的主導(dǎo)”：文化一直受到經(jīng)濟的影響，文章沒有提到文化的進步由宗教和政治的主導(dǎo)，屬于偷換概念。B選項“在中世紀早期，隨著商業(yè)的發(fā)展，識字主要局限于教會”：根據(jù)第三段第一句DuringtheearlyMiddleAges,withthegeneralbreakdownofsocietyinEuropeandthedecreaseofcommerce,literarybecamelargelyconfinedtothechurch.（在中世紀早期，隨著歐洲社會的全面崩潰和商業(yè)的衰落，文學(xué)在很大程度上局限于教會。），可知在中世紀早期，商業(yè)不是在發(fā)展，而是在衰落，屬于偷換概念。D選項“在文藝復(fù)興時期，宗教和商業(yè)的巨大擴張導(dǎo)致了文化的復(fù)興”：根據(jù)第三段第二句thegreatexpansionofcommerceandbankingledtoarevivalinliteracy（商業(yè)和銀行業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了文化的復(fù)興），可知是商業(yè)的發(fā)展讓文化復(fù)興，不包括宗教的發(fā)展，屬于偷換概念。因此C選項正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Theincreaseinliteracyfromancienttimestothepresenthasnotbeenastoryofunbrokenprogress.（從古至今，文化水平的提高并不是持續(xù)不斷的進步。），可知文化水平并不是持續(xù)向上提升的，D選項“在歷史上，文化素養(yǎng)有起有落”正確。A選項“確定讀寫能力相當容易”和B選項“富裕的家庭沒有文盲”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。C選項“歷史見證了文化的進步”：文中沒有強調(diào)文化在歷史發(fā)展中持續(xù)進步，反而是有起有落，屬于偷換概念。因此D選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Ofthesefactors,usefulnesshasprobablybeenthemostdecisive.（在這些因素中，有用性可能最具決定性。），讀寫在實際生活中的作用，也就是實用性推動了讀寫能力的提高，D選項“閱讀的必要性”正確。A選項“受教育者的數(shù)量”，B選項“閱讀材料的可用性”和C選項“經(jīng)濟發(fā)展”：對應(yīng)第一段最后一句Theabilityofpeoplewithinagivensocietytoreadandwritehasbeeninfluencedbyanumberoffactors,includingeconomicwell-being,theavailabilityofmaterialtoread,theamountofeducationavailable,andthebasicmatteroftheusefulnessofreading.（在一個特定社會中，人們的讀寫能力受到若干因素的影響，包括經(jīng)濟狀況、可供閱讀的材料、有效的受教育者人數(shù)以及閱讀的用處的基本情況。），但這些不是最主要的因素。因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Withtheinventionoftheprintingpressandinexpensivepaperlateinthe15thcenturytherewasforthefirsttimeagreatavailabilityofreadingmaterialforamuchgreaternumberofpeople.（15世紀晚期，隨著印刷機和廉價紙張的發(fā)明，第一次有了大量的閱讀材料可供更多的人使用。），可知印刷機和廉價紙張讓更多人可以閱讀，提高閱讀能力，C選項“印刷技術(shù)和廉價紙張的可用性”正確。A選項“宗教改革”和B選項“圣經(jīng)的翻譯和普及”：不是主要原因，屬于偷換概念。D選項“教學(xué)方法的革新”文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此C選項正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。這一段講述了追求民主的政治運動推動全民教育的發(fā)展，B選項“民主社會在掃盲方面的新進展”正確。A選項“促進公眾讀寫能力的宗教運動”：這里提到的不是宗教運動，而是政治運動，屬于偷換概念。C選項“向民主社會邁進的現(xiàn)代政治運動”：除了政治運動，還講到教育，屬于以偏概全。D選項“中世紀末期與文盲作斗爭的政治運動”：這里的政治運動旨在追求民主，而非掃除文盲，屬于偷換概念。因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Lindawas（

）theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.

問題1選項

A.tostart

B.tohavestarted

C.tobestarting

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查時態(tài)。wasto表示將來過去時，havedone表示本來要做而沒有做，根據(jù)句意選B。

句意：Linda本來在一個月前要做實驗的，但她最后改變了主意。

6.翻譯題

ItisnotdifficulttobepessimisticaboutthefutureofEuropeanbusiness.

ComparedwiththeawesomestrengthofAmericaandtherawpowerofemergingAsia,Europeissometimesportrayedasahas-been,excellinginluxurygoods,finefood,winesandfashionbutweigheddownbytoomanyoldindustriesandoldideas.Frommicrochipstomicrobes,pooroldEuropeseemstotrailinAmerica’sandAsia’swake.

AmericaenjoysawesomeadvantagesoverEurope.Itisahuge,trulysinglemarketwitharelativelyyouthful,growingpopulation.Itistheworld’seconomicsuperpower,withmuchhigherproductivitythanitscompetitors(thoughproductivitygrowthhasrecentlybeendisappointing,andlastyearwasslightlybelowEurope’s).Ithasworld-classuniversitiesthatworkhandinglovewithbusinesses.AmericanshavenotonlywonmoreNobelprizes,theyhaveturnedmorescientificadvancesintoprofitablebusinessesthananyoneelse.Manyofthesefirmshavegoneontobecomethegiantsofmodernbusiness.

ItmayhavebeenaBritishscientist,SirTimBerners-Lee,workingatalaboratoryinSwitzerland,whoinventedtheworldwideweb,butAmericaisthehomeoftheInternetandallthebusinesssectorsithasspawned.

AndevenwhereEuropeisholdingitsownagainstAmerica,itseemsunabletoretainitsadvantage.Boeingdriftedbadlyinthe1990sasEurope’sAirbusmadestrides,buthavingmergedwithMcDonnellDouglas,theAmericangiantbouncedback.ItisnowtakingmarketsharefromtheEuropeans.

America’seconomicgrowth,averaging2.5%ayearsince2001,hasreflectedthisdynamicbusinessculture,whereasEuropehasmanagedanaveragegrowthrateofbarely1.5%overthesameperiod,thoughthepacehaspickedupinthepastyear.Europe’ssluggishperformanceisoftenputdowntothepoorbusinessclimate.Rigidlaborlawsandstrongunionsmakeitdifficultforfirmstofireredundantworkersandunattractivetohirenewones.ProductmarketsarenotascompetitiveasAmerica’s,andthesingleEuropeanmarkethasyettobecomearealityinareassuchasbankingandservices.

Corporategovernancetooisvariable:transparentandworld-classinBritain,butofteninadequateincontinentalEurope.Moreover,Europeangovernmentsliketomeddle.Francehasdrawnupalistofstrategicindustries,includingcasinos,thatitthinksneedspecialprotectionfromforeigntakeovers.EvenSpain,withitsnewAnglo-Saxonbusinessculture,triedtostopaGermanutilityfromtakingoveraSpanishpowercompany.TelecomItalia’sattemptstohiveoffitsmobile-phonebusinessbecamehighlypoliticized.

ManyEuropeanpoliticiansarefearfulabouttheeffectsofglobalizationandtheriseofChinaandIndia.CertainlyAsiahasbeenmakingitselfmorestronglyfeltinEuropeinrecentyears.JapannowhascarfactoriesinFranceandtheCzechRepublicaswellasinBritain,andimportsfromSouthKorea’sresurgentcarindustryhavebeencausingdifficultiesatRenaultandPSAPeugeotCriterion.India’sTataGrouptooisplanningtoexportcarstosomesouthernandeasternEuropeanmarketswheretheywillprovidemorecompetitionforthetraditionalwestEuropeanmanufacturers.

【答案】美國經(jīng)濟走勢讓人肅然起敬,日益崛起的亞洲生機勃勃,而歐洲則如昔日黃花,過分追求奢侈品、時尚和美酒佳肴。落后的產(chǎn)業(yè)和陳舊的觀念壓得歐洲氣喘吁吁。微芯片也好,微生物也罷,可憐的老朽歐羅巴似乎在步美國和亞洲的后塵。

即使是歐洲本土能與美國抗衡的產(chǎn)業(yè)似乎也難以為繼。20世紀90年代,歐洲空客公司大踏步前進,而波音公司發(fā)展十分緩慢,但同麥克唐納-道格拉斯公司合并以后,美國的這家巨型企業(yè)迅速反彈,正在搶占空客的歐洲份額。

此外,歐洲各國政府也喜歡插上一腳。法國列出了一些戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè),連博彩業(yè)也包括在內(nèi),因為法國認為該產(chǎn)業(yè)需要特別保護以防外國兼并。甚至西班牙在新盎格魯-薩克遜商業(yè)文化影響下,也阻止德國公用事業(yè)公司接管西班牙電力企業(yè),而意大利電信公司試圖從該國移動電話領(lǐng)域分離出去竟成為高度政治化的事件。

7.單選題

U.S.SecretaryofStateRice（）athree-daytriptotheMiddleEastwithanagreement

fro