考研考博-英語-天津公安警官職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津公安警官職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.翻譯題

Oneofthemostdifficultsituationsthataresearchercanencounteristoseeorsuspectthatacolleaguehasviolatedtheethicalstandardsoftheresearchcommunity.Itiseasytofindexcusestodonothing,butsomeonewhohaswitnessedmisconducthasanunmistakableobligationtoact.Atthemostimmediatelevel,misconductcanseriouslyobstructordamageone’sownresearchortheresearchofcolleagues.Morebroadly,evenasinglecaseofmisconductcanmalignscientistsandtheirinstitutions,resultintheimpositionofcounterproductiveregulations,andshakepublicconfidenceintheintegrityofscience.

【答案】看到或懷疑同事違反了研究界的倫理標準是研究人員可能遇到的最困難的情況之一。找個借口什么都不做很容易，但目睹了不當行為的人，顯然有義務(wù)采取行動。從最直接的層面來說，不當?shù)男袨榭赡車乐刈璧K甚至毀掉自己或同事的研究。從更廣泛的層面來說，即使只是一個不當?shù)男袨?，也可以損害科學家及其機構(gòu)聲譽，導(dǎo)致實施適得其反的規(guī)定，并且動搖公眾對科學誠信的信心。

2.單選題

Ifyouhaddoneitasyou（

）,youwouldhavesucceeded.

問題1選項

A.weretold

B.wouldbetold

C.hadbeentold

D.weretoldto

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。原句應(yīng)為“asyouweretoldto(do)”前半句出現(xiàn)了同樣的動詞，后半句可以省略todo中的do，但to不能省。故D項正確。句意：如果按照別人告訴你的那樣做的話，你早就成功了。

3.單選題

Justforfun,theydecidedtotryavery（

）countryroadinsteadofthemoredirectsuper-highway.

問題1選項

A.ambiguous

B.circuitous

C.deciduous

D.nefarious

【答案】B

【解析】查形容詞辨析。ambiguous意為“含糊的，不明確的”；circuitous意為“迂回的，繞行的”；deciduous意為“每年落葉的，非永久性的”；nefarious意為“極壞的，惡毒的”。由insteadof（而不是）可知“______countryroad（鄉(xiāng)村道路）”與“directsuper-highway（直達高速公路）”相比較，因此選B。

句意：僅是為了好玩，他們決定嘗試一條非常迂回的鄉(xiāng)村公路，而不是更直接的高速公路。

4.單選題

Mypain（

）apparenttheminuteIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

問題1選項

A.mustbe

B.hadbeen

C.musthavebeen

D.hadtobe

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。musthavedone表示對過去肯定的假設(shè)。句意：我的疼痛一定很明顯，因為當我走進房間時，我見到的第一個人問道“你還好吧？”。由for…可推斷我的疼痛比較明顯。故C項正確。

5.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

問題1選項

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexplicable“費解的,無法說明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“筆直的,正直的”。句意:我們可以依靠William去執(zhí)行這次任務(wù),因為他的判斷一直都很可靠。選項C符合句意。

6.填空題

Theoveremphasisontheexteriorelevationinitsformerdesignresultedintheclosenessand________oftheinteriorspace.(regular)

【答案】irregularity

【解析】【考查點】名詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and，可知橫線處和closeness都是名詞，結(jié)合語境，過分強調(diào)建筑的外部立面致使建筑不規(guī)則，irregularity意思為“不規(guī)則（或無規(guī)律）的事物”，符合語境。

【句意】在原有設(shè)計中過分強調(diào)建筑的外部立面，導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)空間的封閉和不規(guī)則。

7.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overlastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy（精通技術(shù)的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles,theywereyoungbeautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn'tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult”.OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates.Sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization

問題3選項

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第四句話提到“法國社會學家發(fā)現(xiàn)上個世紀從家庭生活轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閭€人生活是個人主義必然的一部分”（Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overlastcentury），選項A“他們被個人主義所驅(qū)使”符合題意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第二句話提到“現(xiàn)在獨居的人出現(xiàn)在歐洲從社會民主轉(zhuǎn)向更尖銳、更個人主義的美國式資本主義期間”（Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism），選項B“它正在接近美國式資本主義”符合題意。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到最新的獨居者是一些三四十歲的高收入者，他們年輕、漂亮、強壯（thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice；theywereyoungbeautiful,strong），選項D“健康的和富有的”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段引用的話“我想做我想做的事情：過自主的生活”（Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife”），由此可知現(xiàn)代女人都期望過自主的生活，因此選項A“很多現(xiàn)代女人想過自由的生活”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章從一開始到結(jié)尾就是在講述獨居人群從之前的退休人群，尤其是老年婦女（pensioners,particularlyelderlywomen）到現(xiàn)在的年輕的高收入者這樣一個趨勢，選項C“為了探究年輕人獨居的趨勢”符合題意。

8.單選題

Wecan（

）broadlybetweentheintentionofknowing,andtheintentionofdoing,whichcorrespondroughlytotheconventionaldistinctionbetweenpureandappliedmathematics.

問題1選項

A.separate

B.extinguish

C.distinguish

D.disguise

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞辨析。separate“隔離”；extinguish“壓制”；distinguish“區(qū)分”；disguise“偽裝”。句意：我們可以大致區(qū)分為求知意圖和行為意圖，大約對應(yīng)傳統(tǒng)觀點對純理論數(shù)學和應(yīng)用數(shù)學的區(qū)分。選項C符合句意。

9.翻譯題

一九七八年，我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會，開啟了改革開放歷史新時期。從那時以來，中國共產(chǎn)黨人和中國人民以一往無前的進取精神和波瀾壯闊的創(chuàng)新實踐，譜寫了中華民族自強不息、頑強奮進新的壯麗史詩，中國人民的面貌、社會主義中國的面貌、中國共產(chǎn)黨的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。改革開放是黨在新的時代條件下帶領(lǐng)人民進行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力，實現(xiàn)國家現(xiàn)代化，讓中國人民富裕起來，振興偉大的中華民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

10.單選題

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas（

）asitislovely.

問題1選項

A.fragile

B.frigid

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B選項frigid“嚴寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C選項strident“刺耳的”；D選項tedious“冗長的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的”。由“有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又______，又可愛”可知空格處的詞語要與cobweb（蜘蛛網(wǎng)）在邏輯上搭配，且與lovely的感情色彩一致，因此選A。句意：有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又脆弱又可愛。

11.單選題

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

問題1選項

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望總理馬上見他。resented后面一般直接接名詞或者動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案選B。

12.單選題

Thenationalityoftheminoritygroupsinthatcountryisstill（）.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atissue

C.atrisk

D.atleisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”；atissue“爭議中的”；atrisk“處于危險中”；atleisure“從容地”。句意：在那個國家，少數(shù)民族的國籍問題仍然______。根據(jù)句意可知選項B符合題意。

13.寫作題

Differentfromtheblindoptimismintheachievementsofmodernsciencethroughoutthe20thcentury,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethedestructiveeffectsofscientificprogressuponhumansociety.Manyevenbelievethatwhateverbenefitssciencebringstohumanity,itwillalsobringaboutthemostinhumanviolencetoanimalsandeveryimaginablesortofhorriblemeddlingwithhumanlife.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoshowwhetheryouagreewithsuchabelief.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizationgrammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【參考范文】

Throughoutthecenturiestothehistoryofscientificdevelopment,scienceandtechnologyhasbeenagreatprogresscomparedtotheprevious,weliveintheeraofrapidchangesinscienceandtechnology,hasfelttheconveniencebroughtbytechnology.Indeed,technologyhasbroughtusalotofbenefits,butalsobroughtmanydisadvantages.Personally,Ithinkthesedisadvantagesarerealandcannotbeignored.Whatweneedtodoistotreatthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologycorrectlyandbringoutitsmaximumpositivesignificance.

Ontheonehand,thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlivescanbegreatlyenrichedandmadeeasier.Electriclights,newmeansoftransportation,theinventionoftheInternet—thereisnoonewhohasnotbenefitedfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Whenyousitathomeandtapthemouse,youareabletocommunicateface-to-facewithyourrelativesinfarawayplaces;whenyouareontheroadoftravel,holdingthesteeringwheeltightly,youareabletotravelalloverthecountryandenjoythescenery;whenyoustayinahotelandpresstheremotecontroloftheairconditionerleisurely,youenjoythepleasureofwarmthandcoolness.Comparedwiththepast,humanhealthandlivingstandardshavechangedalot.Technologyhasbroughtustoomuchconvenienceandmadegreatprogressinhumandevelopment.

Ontheotherhand,asthesayinggoes,“Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme.”Ifanythinggoodisusedtoexcessandtakentotheextreme,therewillbea“double-edgedsword”effect,andthesameistrueforscience.ThedevelopmentofphysicaltheoryhasenabledmankindtomasternuclearenergytechnologybutalsobroughtaboutthenucleardisastersofHiroshimaandNagasaki,wheremankindhadtheabilitytodestroyitselfforthefirsttime.Thedevelopmentofchemistryhasgivenustheunprecedentedabilitytotransformnature,butourgunpowderandexplosiveshavealsoharmedtensofmillionsofourfellowhumanbeings.Advancesinoilexplorationtechnologyhaveallowedmankindtoadvanceatamuchfasterpace.Wehavebeenabletoflyfasterthanthespeedofsound,butthishasalsobroughttoomanywarsandtoomuchstrife,andmadetheearthstarttocatchafever.Atthesametime,theatmospherehasbeendamaged,waterhasbeenpolluted,andenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingincreasinglyserious,causingmanyplantsandanimalstolosetheirhabitats.

Allinall,technologicaldevelopmenthasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.However,weshouldneitherblindlydevelopscienceandtechnologyregardlessoftheconsequencesbecauseitisbeneficial,norshouldwegotostopthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologybecauseithasdisadvantages.Scienceandtechnologyarethegreatdrivingforceofhumansocialprogressonlywhentheyareinbalancewithpeople’sneedsandhumannature.Humanbeingsshouldmakefulluseofthepositiveeffectsofscienceandtechnologyandtrytolimitandovercomethenegativeeffectsbroughtbyscienceandtechnologyinthecontinuouspracticeofunderstandingnatureandtransformingit.

14.單選題

Theorganizationhadbrokennorules,but（

）haditactedresponsibly.

問題1選項

A.neither

B.so

C.either

D.both

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞。本句式由連詞but連接的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)，前面是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，后面應(yīng)該與其一致，因此選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Fuelscarcities（）automobiledesignerstodevelopsmall-displacementvehiclesforpublicuse.

問題1選項

A.prompted

B.encouraged

C.fomented

D.spotlighted

【答案】A

【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽車設(shè)計師開發(fā)供公眾使用的小排量汽車。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。prompt提示，促使，激起；encourage鼓勵，激勵；foment煽動，挑起；；spotlight聚光照明，使公眾注意。因此A符合句意。

16.單選題

（）usearlier,（）yourrequesttothefull.

問題1選項

A.Youhavecontacted...wecouldcomplywith

B.Hadyoucontacted...wecouldhavecompliedwith

C.Youhadcontacted...couldwehavecompliedwith

D.Haveyoucontacted...wecouldcomplywith

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。綜合題干和選項判斷，本題考查的是省略if的虛擬語氣。本題表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句用過去完成時，主句用would/could/might/should+現(xiàn)在完成時。因此B選項符合題意。

17.單選題

Idon’tknowwhatallthe（

）wasabout―itwasadullsortofafilmandtherewasalmostnosexinit.

問題1選項

A.controversy

B.conversation

C.discussion

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。controversy“爭論，論戰(zhàn)，辯論”；conversation“交談，會話，社交”；discussion“討論，議論”；illumination“闡明”。根據(jù)空格后面的dull,nosex可以推斷空格處是“沒什么好爭論的”。選項A符合題意。

18.單選題

Thereportmentionedthatsomeimportantpeoplehadattendedtheclosing（）.

問題1選項

A.surgeon

B.suspicion

C.ceremony

D.target

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。surgeon外科；suspicion懷疑；ceremony儀式；target目標。句意：這篇報道提到一些重量級人物參加了此次閉幕式。選項C符合句意。

19.單選題

Thenewcolleague（

）

tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問題1選項

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:新同事聲稱自己在加入我們公司之前曾在幾家大公司工作過。Confess坦白，承認;declare聲明;宣布,通常后接名詞或that引導(dǎo)的從句;claim聲稱，宣布,常后接動名詞、that引導(dǎo)從句或不定式短語;confirm證實；肯定,后接that引導(dǎo)的從句。因此從語法跟語義角度來說,C項正確。

20.單選題

Thetypicalsexbribeinvolvesabusinessmantreatinganofficialtoanightatabathhousestockedwith（）,saysLiaoRan,whomonitorsAsiaforTransparencyInternational.

問題1選項

A.prototypes

B.propagandas

C.prostitutes

D.prophets

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項prototypes表示“原型，雛型”；B選項propagandas表示“宣傳，宣傳活動”；C選項prostitutes表示“妓女”；D選項prophets表示“先知，提倡者”。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“sexbribe”可知，C選項含義最符合原文，句意理解為：典型的性賄賂包括商人邀請官員在滿是妓女的澡堂里過夜。因此，本題正確答案為C選項。

21.單選題

Therewasnolightonthewayandforasecondshehesitated,unableto（）thedimfigureawaitingher.

問題1選項

A.setout

B.makeout

C.pickup

D.clearup

【答案】B

【解析】setout開始，出發(fā)，陳述；makeout理解，認出；pickup撿起，獲得；clearup整理，打掃。句意：路上沒有燈光，她猶豫了一會兒，無法辨認出那個等待著她的模糊身影。選項B符合句意。

22.單選題

Beforethebankwaswillingtolendhimmoney,ithadto______thathewasthetrueownerofthehouse.

問題1選項

A.verify

B.entrust

C.acknowledge

D.grant

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.verify核實；證實B.entrust委托；交托

C.acknowledge承認D.grant同意，準予

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“在銀行愿意借錢給他之前，必須______他是這幢房子的主人”可知，空格處表示“證實，證明”符合句意，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】銀行先得核實他確實是這幢房子的主人，然后才肯借錢給他。

23.單選題

Inthepastthreedecadesgreatchanges,especiallythewayyoungeradultsviewmarriage,havetakenplaceinsociety.

問題1選項

A.Inthepastthreedecades

B.especiallythe

C.youngeradults

D.insociety

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】B

【解析】副詞誤用。especially改為particularly。副詞especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過其他事物。而particularly往往著重說明與同類事物不同的個別事物。

24.單選題

Thepassengerscarriedondrinkinganddancing（）unawareoftheimpendingdisaster.

問題1選項

A.witheringly

B.contemptuously

C.morally

D.blissfully

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義解析。witheringly“使人不自在地”；contemptuously“輕蔑地”；morally“道德上，確實”；blissfully“幸福地”。句意：乘客們喝酒跳舞，沒有意識到即將發(fā)生的災(zāi)難。選項C表程度，符合題意。

25.單選題

Farmerswereencouragedtokeeptheirlivestockinpensratherthanlettingthem（）freely.

問題1選項

A.roam

B.wander

C.wonder

D.roar

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項roam“閑逛，漫步”；B選項wander“游蕩，漫游”；C選項wonder“想知道，納悶”；D選項roar“咆哮，呼喊”。句意：鼓勵農(nóng)民們把家畜關(guān)進欄圈，而不是讓它們到處亂跑。由ratherthan可知，句子后半句表達的意思應(yīng)該“和把家畜關(guān)進欄圈”相反，C，D不符合句意。roam常指在廣闊地方以自得其樂的愉快心情作無固定目標的漫游，wander多指人無目的地到處徘徊或閑蕩，A選項與其意思對應(yīng)。因此A選項符合句意。

26.單選題

Neitherisitalmostseen,thatverybeautifulpersonsareotherwiseofgreatvirtue,asifnaturewereratherbusynotto（

）thaninlabortoproduceexcellency.

問題1選項

A.err

B.omit

C.escalate

D.slip

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項err“犯錯；走上歧途”；B選項omit“省略；遺漏；疏忽”；C選項escalate“逐步增強；變得嚴重”；D選項slip“滑動；滑倒”。句意：人不盡知：絕色無大德也；一如自然勞碌終日，但求無過，而無力制成上品。因此A選項符合題意。

27.單選題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(類固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

問題2選項

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

問題3選項

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

問題4選項

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

問題5選項

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段主要說明了什么是肥胖及什么導(dǎo)致了肥胖，第二段至第五段討論了肥胖會導(dǎo)致的各種健康問題，最后一段說明了減肥失敗的原因。因此D項“肥胖會導(dǎo)致許多嚴重的健康問題”符合文章大意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。A:肥胖通常與類固醇等藥物有關(guān)。第一段贊成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（類固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少數(shù)情況下，肥胖是由甲狀腺功能減退等疾病或服用能導(dǎo)致體重增加的如類固醇藥物造成的）。因此A項不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不會影響一個人得癌癥的幾率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B項錯誤。C:肥胖的診斷是基于一個人的年齡、性別和體型的正常體重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定義為脂肪的積累超過了就一個人的年齡、性別和體型而言被認為是正常的水平）。因此C項正確。D:在當今社會，肥胖已經(jīng)不再是一個問題了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在當今社會，肥胖被認為是一種疾?。?。因此D項不符合原文所述。本題選C。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（節(jié)食并不能教會人們?nèi)绾握_飲食。他們只是暫時限制食物攝入，所以當飲食結(jié)束時，體重又會恢復(fù)增長）。因此A項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:對老年人來說，減肥是不明智的。B:有些手術(shù)減肥方法比節(jié)食減肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要減掉多余的體重。D:肥胖的人應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利與弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重帶來的危險更大。一些研究人員反駁說，超重每年間接導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡。由此推斷，是否應(yīng)減肥還應(yīng)向醫(yī)生咨詢，故選D。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:肥胖不是一個主要的健康風險。文章提及很多肥胖導(dǎo)致的健康問題，因此A項并不能被推斷出。B:科學家們一致認為肥胖和死亡之間存在聯(lián)系。第五段有指出：關(guān)于肥胖與死亡的關(guān)系，有很多不同觀點，因此B項也不能被推斷出。C:胖人有可能受到他人對自己的偏見。D:肥胖的人經(jīng)常把自己的狀況歸咎于別人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被與懶惰、失敗或意志力不足聯(lián)系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人責怪他們自己太重，從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和沮喪的感覺。由此推斷，C項正確，D項不正確。本題選C。

28.單選題

Th