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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱信息工程學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

Unemploymentandinflation

Thebest-knownapplicationofrationalexpectationsmodelshasbeentoaninterpretationoftheobservedrelationbetweenunemploymentandinflation.A.W.Phillips(1958)notedanegativerelationbetweentheunemploymentrateandthewageinflationrateintheUnitedKingdombetween1861and1957.AsimilarrelationwasfoundalsointheUnitedStatesformuchofthesamesampleperiod.Sincethen,thenegativerelationhasbrokendown.Lucas(1976)andSargentandWallace(1973)offeredinterpretationsofthePhillipsrelationanditssubsequentbreakdown.Initssimplestterms:thisinterpretationassertsthattheremaybeastablerelationbetweenunemploymentandunexpectedinflation.Unexpectedinflationmaycausejobseekerstomisperceivetherealvalueofwageofferstheyhavereceived,andthustoacceptoffersthattheywouldnothaveacceptediftheyhadknownthetruerealwagetheyweregetting.Byacceptingthesejobs,theylowertheunemploymentrate.IntheperiodPhillipsstudiedthepricelevelmighthavebeenwell-enoughapproximatedbyarandomwalkthatactualinflationmayhaveapproximatelyequaledunexpectedinflation.Sincethen,wheninflationhasbecomemuchmoreseriallycorrelated,actualandexpectedinflationmayhavedivergedwidely.

【答案】失業(yè)和通貨膨脹

最著名的理性預(yù)期模型的應(yīng)用己經(jīng)是對(duì)觀察到的失業(yè)率和通貨膨脹之間關(guān)系的一種解釋。A.W.Phniips(1958)指出,在1861年至1957年,聯(lián)合王國(guó)的失業(yè)率與工資通貨膨脹率之間存在著消極關(guān)系。在美國(guó)也發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似的關(guān)系,大部分是相同的樣本周期。從那時(shí)起,消極的關(guān)系已經(jīng)破裂了。Lucas(1976)、Sargent和Wallace(1973)給出了Phillips關(guān)系及其隨后破裂的解釋。最簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)法是:這個(gè)解釋聲稱,失業(yè)和預(yù)期外的通貨膨脹之間可能存在穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。預(yù)期外的通貨膨脹可能導(dǎo)致求職者錯(cuò)估了他們所收到的工資待遇的真實(shí)價(jià)值,因此才接受了這些工作。如果他們知道真正的實(shí)際工資,他們是不會(huì)接受的。通過(guò)接受這些工作,他們降低了失業(yè)率。在這期間,Phillips研究?jī)r(jià)格水平可能非常的接近隨機(jī)理論,即實(shí)際通貨膨脹可能約等于預(yù)期外的通貨膨脹。從那時(shí)起,當(dāng)通貨膨脹變得更錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,實(shí)際和預(yù)期的通貨膨脹可能有廣泛的分歧。

2.單選題

Opinionpollssuggestthattheapprovalrateofthepresidentisontheincrease.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agreement

B.consensus

C.permission

D.support

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。approval表示“批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可”;A項(xiàng)agreement“協(xié)議,同意”,B項(xiàng)consensus“一致,合意”,C項(xiàng)permission“允許,許可”,D項(xiàng)support“支持”。句意:民意調(diào)查顯示,總統(tǒng)的支持率在上升。根據(jù)句意可知,approval在句子中表示“支持”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)符合。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

僅僅傳授專業(yè)知識(shí)是不夠的。通過(guò)專業(yè)教育可以使人成為一種有用的機(jī)器,卻不能成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人。讓學(xué)生對(duì)價(jià)值理念有所理解并產(chǎn)生熱情,是不可或缺的。否則,他——連同他的專業(yè)知識(shí)——就更像一條受過(guò)良好訓(xùn)練的狗,而非一個(gè)和諧發(fā)展的人。他必須通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)了解人們的動(dòng)機(jī)、幻想和苦難,以便正確處理同他人和社會(huì)的關(guān)系。

【答案】【參考譯文】Onlytoimpartprofessionalknowledgeisnotenough.Professionaleducationcanmakehumanbeingbecomeakindofusefulmachine,butcan’tmakehimapersonofcomprehensivedevelopment.Itisabsolutelynecessaryforlettingstudentshavesomeunderstandingoftheconceptofvalueandgenerateenthusiasm.Otherwise,he,togetherwithhisspecializedknowledge,willmoreresembleawell-traineddogratherthanapersonofharmoniousdevelopment.Hemustlearntounderstandpeople’smotivation,fantasyandmiserysoastocorrectlyhandlingtherelationshipwithotherpeopleandthesociety.

4.單選題

Scientistsarealreadylooking(21)thepossibilityofusingsomeofthe(22)iceintheArcticandAntarctic.Inthese(23)therearevastice-capsformedbysnowthathasfallenoverthepast50,000years.Layer(24)layerofdeepsnowmeansthat,(25)melted,thesnowwaterwouldbepure,notsaltyassea-icewouldbe.Thereissomuch(26)purewaterherethatitwouldneedonlya(27)ofittoturnmuchofthedesertorpoorlyirrigatedpartsoftheworld(28)richfarmland.Andwhatusefulpackagesitwouldcomein!Itshouldbepossibletocutoffabitoficeand(29)it!Alternativelyperhapsa(30)icebergcouldbecaptured.Theyarealwaysbreakingawayfromthemaincapsandfloating(31),pushedbycurrents,(32)theyeventuallymeltandarewasted.Manyicebergsare,ofcourse,(33)toosmalltobetowedanydistance,andwould(34)beforetheyreachedacountrythatneededthem(35).Itwouldbenecessaryto(36)onethatwasmanageableandthatwasbigenoughtoprovideagood(37)oficewhenitreachedus.Engineersthinkthatanicebergupto11kilometerslongand2kilometers(38)couldbetransportedifthetugpullingitwasasbigasasupertanker!Eventhentheywouldcoveronly32kilometerseveryday.(39),oncetheicebergwasatits(40),morethat7,000millioncubicmetersofwatercouldbetakenfromit!

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.in

D.into

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.probable

B.nice

C.available

D.possible

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.parts

B.regions

C.countries

D.oceans

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.on

C.upon

D.and

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.as

C.after

D.before

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.possible

C.perpetual

D.potential

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.factor

B.fraction

C.framework

D.foundation

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.into

D.at

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.transport

B.transmit

C.transplant

D.transcribe

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.pass

B.passing

C.past

D.passed

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.around

B.above

C.everywhere

D.again

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.after

C.before

D.until

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.all

B.more

C.every

D.much

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.melt

B.resolve

C.vaporize

D.disappear

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.somewhere

C.anywhere

D.nowhere

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.draw

B.use

C.pull

D.harness

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.usage

C.potential

D.storage

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.tall

B.broad

C.high

D.wide

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.However

C.Thus

D.Although

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.terminal

B.end

C.stop

D.destination

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】21.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)for“為了”;B選項(xiàng)to“給……”;C選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”;D選項(xiàng)into“到……里面”。句意:科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)在_____利用北極和南極的一些可用冰的可能性。lookinto是固定搭配,意為“調(diào)查,研究”,而原文中表達(dá)的就是科學(xué)家在調(diào)查研究可用冰,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

22.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)probable“很可能的,可信的(用來(lái)指有根據(jù),合情理,值得相信的事物,帶有“大概,很可能”的意味)”;B選項(xiàng)nice“很好的”;C選項(xiàng)available“可利用的,可獲得的,可找到的”;D選項(xiàng)possible“合理的,合適的(強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上有可能性,但常常帶有實(shí)際可能性很小的含義)”。句意:科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)在研究利用北極和南極的一些_____冰的可能性。而本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的應(yīng)該是“可以利用的冰”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)parts“零件,部件”;B選項(xiàng)regions“地區(qū),地域”;C選項(xiàng)countries“國(guó)家”;D選項(xiàng)oceans“海洋”。句意:這些_____有巨大的冰帽由過(guò)去5萬(wàn)年的降雪形成。而我們根據(jù)常識(shí)知道,北極和南極只能算是地區(qū),因?yàn)槟沁叢](méi)有國(guó)家,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

24.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)of“……的”;B選項(xiàng)on“在……上”;C選項(xiàng)upon“在……上”;D選項(xiàng)and“和,以及”。句意:一層又一層的厚厚的積雪意味著……。B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)在多數(shù)場(chǎng)合下是可以互換的,但是layeruponlayer意為“層層”,是固定用法,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

25.考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)”;B選項(xiàng)as“作為”;C選項(xiàng)after“在……之后”;D選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”。句意:一層又一層的厚厚的積雪意味著,_____雪融化,雪水將是純凈的,而不是像海冰那樣含鹽。這里引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“當(dāng)雪融化時(shí),”只有A選項(xiàng)可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

26.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)good“好的”;B選項(xiàng)possible“可能的,合理的”;C選項(xiàng)perpetual“永久的,不斷的”;D選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的,可能的”。句意:這里有如此多的_____純凈水,只需一小部分就能將世界上大部分沙漠或灌溉不足的地區(qū)變成肥沃的農(nóng)田。本句可以通過(guò)推理得出答案,雪水是需要冰山融化才能獲得,也就是說(shuō)并不是已經(jīng)存在的,而是需要經(jīng)過(guò)一些步驟才能得到,因此它應(yīng)該是“潛在的純凈水”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

27.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)factor“因素,要素”;B選項(xiàng)fraction“分?jǐn)?shù),部分”;C選項(xiàng)framework“框架,結(jié)構(gòu)”;D選項(xiàng)foundation“基礎(chǔ),地基”。句意:這里有如此多的潛在純凈水,只需_____就能將世界上大部分沙漠或灌溉不足的地區(qū)變成肥沃的農(nóng)田。本題表達(dá)的是,這里的純凈水多到只需一小部分就能幫助很多地區(qū),因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

28.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)to“對(duì)……”;B選項(xiàng)in“在……上”;C選項(xiàng)into“到……里面,轉(zhuǎn)變成……”;D選項(xiàng)at“在……時(shí)”。句意:這里有如此多的潛在純凈水,只需一小部分就能將世界上大部分沙漠或灌溉不足的地區(qū)_____肥沃的農(nóng)田。本句表達(dá)的是“將沙漠變成肥沃的農(nóng)田”,只有C選項(xiàng)有“轉(zhuǎn)變”之意,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

29.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transport“運(yùn)輸,流放”;B選項(xiàng)transmit“傳輸,傳播,發(fā)射”;C選項(xiàng)transplant“移植,移栽”;D選項(xiàng)transcribe“轉(zhuǎn)錄,抄寫(xiě)”。句意:應(yīng)該可以砍下一點(diǎn)冰,然后把它_____!前文說(shuō)到的是將融化的純凈水分給一些缺水地區(qū),那么這里不難得出,應(yīng)該是將這些冰“運(yùn)過(guò)去”,給缺水地區(qū)使用,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

30.考查修飾語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)pass“通過(guò)(v.)”;B選項(xiàng)passing“經(jīng)過(guò)的(adj.)”;C選項(xiàng)past“過(guò)去的,之前的(adj.)”;D選項(xiàng)passed“已經(jīng)通過(guò)的”。句意:或者,也可以捕捉路過(guò)的冰山。本句表達(dá)的是“捕捉路過(guò)的冰山”,需要填入一個(gè)形容詞,并且沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去時(shí)的含義,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

31.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)around“在四周,在附近”;B選項(xiàng)above“在……上,超過(guò)”;C選項(xiàng)everywhere“到處”;D選項(xiàng)again“又一次,此外”。句意:它們總是脫離主帽,_____漂浮……。這句所表達(dá)的意思是,它們會(huì)脫離主帽,四處漂浮,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

32.考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”;B選項(xiàng)after“在……之后”;C選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”;D選項(xiàng)until“直到……”。句意:它們總是脫離主冰帽,在洋流的推動(dòng)下四處漂浮,_____最終融化并被浪費(fèi)掉。而根據(jù)句子的邏輯,表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是:它一直四處漂浮,直到最終被融化掉。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

33.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)all“所有的”;B選項(xiàng)more“更多的”;C選項(xiàng)every“每一個(gè)”;D選項(xiàng)much“大量的”。句意:當(dāng)然,許多冰山_____,無(wú)法被拖到遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)。這里考查muchtoo固定搭配,意為“太……,非?!保揪湟磉_(dá)的是冰山太小,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

34.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)melt“融化,溶解”;B選項(xiàng)resolve“決定,使……分解”;C選項(xiàng)vaporize“蒸發(fā)”;D選項(xiàng)disappear“消失”。句意:當(dāng)然,許多冰山太小,無(wú)法被拖到遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū),它會(huì)在到達(dá)那些需要它的國(guó)家之前就_____。前文有提到過(guò)冰山很容易融化,而此處也不難推斷出,表達(dá)的是“它會(huì)在到達(dá)之前就融化”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

35.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)where“在哪里”;B選項(xiàng)“在某處”;C選項(xiàng)anywhere“在任何地方”;D選項(xiàng)nowhere“無(wú)處,任何地方都不……”。句意:當(dāng)然,許多冰山太小,無(wú)法被拖到遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū),在到達(dá)_____需要它們的國(guó)家之前就會(huì)融化。由于它們太容易融化,因此應(yīng)該是到達(dá)任何需要它們的國(guó)家之前就會(huì)融化,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

36.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)draw“拉,拖(通常指拖或拉向自己,多指拖拉較輕的物體,不太費(fèi)力,有持續(xù)平穩(wěn)地“拉”)”;B選項(xiàng)use“使用”;C選項(xiàng)pull“拉,拖(指用力“拉”,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)力的大小和“拉”的方式,用得比較廣泛)”;D選項(xiàng)harness“治理,利用”。句意:有必要_____一個(gè)易于管理的,而且足夠大的(物件),保證當(dāng)它(冰山)到達(dá)我們這里之前能夠提供充足的供應(yīng)。這句表達(dá)的是,“利用一個(gè)這樣的物體,來(lái)幫助冰山不融化”,其他選項(xiàng)代入均不符合原意,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

37.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)supply“供給,補(bǔ)充”;B選項(xiàng)usage“使用,用法”;C選項(xiàng)potential“潛能,可能性”;D選項(xiàng)storage“存儲(chǔ),儲(chǔ)存”。句意:有必要利用一個(gè)易于管理的,而且足夠大的(物件),保證當(dāng)它(冰山)到達(dá)我們這里之前能夠提供充足的_____。這句話表達(dá)的是“在冰山到達(dá)需要它的地方之前要能夠有東西提供充足的供應(yīng)(讓冰山不融化)”,而其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入可發(fā)現(xiàn)與原意并不相符,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

38.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tall“高度(多指由頂?shù)降椎拈L(zhǎng)度,尤其指比較細(xì)長(zhǎng)的東西,如人、樹(shù)、建筑物等,一般用于口語(yǔ))”;B選項(xiàng)broad“寬度(側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣)”;C選項(xiàng)high“高度(形容高出地面或其他物體的東西,也可修飾任何比普通或一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高的事物,一般用于書(shū)面語(yǔ))”;D選項(xiàng)wide“寬度(側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離)”。句意:工程師們認(rèn)為,一個(gè)長(zhǎng)11千米、寬2千米的冰山,如果拖船像超級(jí)油輪那么大,就可以運(yùn)輸。根據(jù)前面的“長(zhǎng)為11千米”,可以判斷出此處空格處要表示的是“寬為……”,而英語(yǔ)中一般用wide來(lái)形容,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

39.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此,所以”;B選項(xiàng)However“然而”;C選項(xiàng)Thus“因此,從而”;D選項(xiàng)Although“盡管,雖然”。句意:_____,冰山一旦到達(dá)目的地,就可以從其中抽取超過(guò)70億立方米的水!本句需要把握前后兩句的邏輯關(guān)系,前面一直都在說(shuō)冰山搬運(yùn)的困難程度,而這一句卻說(shuō)道“山一旦到達(dá)目的地,就可以從其中抽取超過(guò)70億立方米的水”,兩句之間有明顯得轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

40.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)terminal“航空站”;B選項(xiàng)end“結(jié)束,末端”;C選項(xiàng)stop“停止,車站”;D選項(xiàng)destination“目的地”。句意:然而,冰山一旦到達(dá)_____,就可以從其中抽取超過(guò)70億立方米的水!根據(jù)前文的描述,不難得出這句表達(dá)的是“冰山一旦到達(dá)目的地(需要它的國(guó)家)”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Plato’sRepublichasbeenthesourceofgreatconsternation,especiallyinliterarycircles,foritsattackonthepoets.Socratesinfactassertsthattheyshouldhavenoplaceintheidealstate.EricHavelocksuggeststhatthereareseveralmisunderstandingsinthisregard,andinhisPrefacetoPlatoheidentifiestheissues,andexplainsthehistoricalcontext.

HavelockopenshisdiscussionbysuggestingthattheverytitleoftheRepublicisthesourceofmuchconfusion.Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.Theothertwo-thirdscoveravarietyofsubjects,butthethrustofPlato’sargumentamountstoanattackonthetraditionalGreekapproachtoeducation.

Theeducationalmethodsstillinuseinthe4thcenturyBChadtheiroriginsinwhathasbeencalledtheGreekDarkAgebeginningaround1200BCwhentheMycenaeaneracollapsed.Verylittleisknownaboutthewhysandwhereforesofthiscollapse,butitwasn’tuntilaround700BCthatthePhoenicianalphabetbegantobeadoptedandusedintheGreek-speakingworld.Duringtheinterveningcenturies,allknowledgeconcerningGreekhistory,culture,moresandlawswereorallytransmitteddownthroughthegenerations.Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.TheepicformweseeinHomer’sIliadgrewoutoftheneedtopreservetheGreekculturalmemory.HavelocktakesthereaderthroughBook1ofTheIliadanddissectsitin

detailtoshowhowthiscultural,historicalandethicalheritagewasconveyed.TheIliadtakesonnewandsignificantmeaningtothereaderofthisminuteexamination.

TheIliadandpresumablyotherpoeticvehiclesweretaughttochildrenfromanearlyage.ThewholeoftheGreek-speakingworldwasimmersedintheprojectofmemorizing,andoutofthemassesarosethoseindividualswithsuperiormemoriesandtheatricalskillswhobecamethenextgenerationofminstrelsandteachers.Educationwasthuscomprisedofmemorizationandrotelearning,andthepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals.

Plato’sfocusintheRepublicandelsewhereisonHomerandHesiodandtosomeextentthedramatistswhichatthetimewerethecenterpiecesoftheeducationalregime.Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.Itismoreimportanttokeepupappearancesthantopracticethereality.Decorumanddecentbehaviorarenotobviouslyviolated,buttheinnerprincipleofmoralityis.OncetheRepublicisviewedasacritiqueoftheeducationalregime,Havelocksaysthatthelogicofitstotalorganizationbecomesclear.

WhatPlatowasrailingagainstwasan“oralstateofmind”whichseemstohavepersistedeventhoughthealphabetandwrittendocumentationhadbeeninuseforthreecenturies.IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.ThisiswhyPlatoregardedthepoeticororalstateofmindasthearch-enemy.Inhisteachingshedidtheopposite.Heaskedhisstudentsto“thinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit.’’Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not“anactofcreationbutanactofreminderandrecall”andcontributedtowhatHavelockterms“theHomericstateofmind.”ItwasSocrates’project(andbyextensionPlato’s)toreformGreekeducationtoencouragethinkingandanalysis.Thusalltherantingandrailingaboutthe“poets”inPlato’sRepublicwaslimitedbasicallytoHomerandHesiodbecauseofwhatheviewedasawhollyinadequateapproachtoeducationofwhichtheseparticularpoetswereanintegralpart.

Unfortunately,WesternculturehasmisconstruedwhatPlatoandSocratesmeantby“thepoets”.Andbecauseweviewpoetryasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression,ourcriticshavefailedtorecognizethatPlato’sdiatribehadaveryspecificandlimitedtargetwhichhadnothingtodowithhigh-mindedcreativity,ofwhichthereisplenty,bytheway,intheproscribedpoets.Itwasn’treallythepoetswhoweretheproblem;itwastheuseofthemthatwasdeemedunacceptable.

Post-Havelock,wecannowreadtheRepublicwiththescalesliftedfromoureyesandseeitforwhatitreallywas:anindictmentofanantiquatededucationalregimewhichhadnoplaceinademocraticsociety.

1.ThemistakenunderstandingofPlato’sRepublicconsistsinthewidespreadbeliefthatitconsistsof(

).

2.AccordingtoHavelock,Plato’sangerwiththepoetsarosefrom:

I:Theirrepresentationofgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.

II:Theirtransmissionofculture,moresandlaws.

3.Priortothe4thcenturyBC,recitationwasconsideredthebesteducationalmethodbecause

).

4.InPlato’sdiatribethepoeticororalstateofmindisthearch-enemyof

).

5.Acommoncritiqueofthepresent-dayChineseeducationalsystemresemblestheeducationalsystemthatPlatofulminatedagainstinthatitoften(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.literarycriticism

B.atreatiseontheidealpolity

C.acritiqueofrationalism

D.anindictmentofanobsoletepedagogy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.I.

B.II.

C.BothIandII.

D.NeitherInorII.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.poetrywasseenasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression

B.rhymewasthemosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformation

C.therewasnowritingsystem

D.thepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.democraticsociety

B.theMycenaeanRepublic

C.thePhoenicians

D.literacy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.asksstudentstothinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit

B.comprisesofmemorizationandrotelearning

C.hasaveryspecificandlimitedtarget

D.encouragesthinkingandanalysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段第二句說(shuō)到“Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.”由此可知人們普遍認(rèn)為這本書(shū)是對(duì)理想政治實(shí)體的論述,但分析表明只有三分之一的內(nèi)容與治國(guó)之道有關(guān)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。本題關(guān)鍵在于柏拉圖的“anger”,也就是柏拉圖所關(guān)注并批判的東西,由此定位到文章第五段,第二、三句說(shuō)到“Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.”可知一些劇作家的作品對(duì)神與英雄的描述都是不道德的,為年輕人樹(shù)立了壞的榜樣。結(jié)果就是,希臘的青少年們對(duì)事物慣于采取憤世嫉俗的態(tài)度。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干中關(guān)鍵詞recitation找到文中與之相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞memorizing(第三段),第四句提到“Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.”可知韻文能幫助記憶大量信息。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。由關(guān)鍵詞oralstateofmind定位到第六段,第二句說(shuō)到“IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.”詩(shī)人的思想狀態(tài)是科學(xué)理性主義和分析的主要障礙,這就是柏拉圖敵視詩(shī)人或口語(yǔ)心態(tài)的原因。因此D選項(xiàng)literacy“讀寫(xiě)能力”是正確答案。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章第六段提到“Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not‘a(chǎn)nactofcreationbutanactofreminderandrecall’”,柏拉圖認(rèn)為史詩(shī)已不是一種創(chuàng)造行為,而是一種提醒和回憶,這一點(diǎn)正好符合題干中所說(shuō),對(duì)當(dāng)前中國(guó)教育制度的批判,教育過(guò)程僅僅是“由記憶和死記硬背組成”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkers’andpetroleum-equipment-manufacturing,employeesarebeing____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.laidout展示;安排B.laidoff解雇;休息

C.laiddown放下;制定D.laidaside擱置;儲(chǔ)蓄

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意:美國(guó)的石油公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始感受到壓力。煉油工人和石油設(shè)備制造業(yè)的雇員正在被……。根據(jù)邏輯,公司受到壓力時(shí),有可能進(jìn)行裁員,因此這些雇傭員工可能被解雇。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】美國(guó)的石油公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始感受到壓力。煉油工人和石油設(shè)備制造業(yè)的雇員正在被解雇。

7.單選題

LarryGriffinwaswokenatthreethatmorningtobetoldthathislast-minute_______againsthisdeathsentenceforthemurderofQuintinMoss,15yearsbefore,hadbeenunsuccessful.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appeals

B.accusation

C.indictment

D.prosecution

【答案】A

【解析】appeal請(qǐng)求,呼吁,上訴;accusation指控,譴責(zé);indictment控告;prosecution起訴,檢舉。句意:LarryGriffin在凌晨3點(diǎn)就被叫醒了,他被告知,15年前因謀殺QuintinMoss而被判死刑的最終上訴失敗了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Successatlanguageis()ofintelligence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amorematterofapplicationthan

B.amattermoreofapplicationthan

C.amatterofapplicationmorethan

D.moreamatterofapplicationthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:語(yǔ)言的成功與其說(shuō)是智力問(wèn)題,不如說(shuō)是應(yīng)用問(wèn)題。

語(yǔ)法題??疾楸容^結(jié)構(gòu)。amatterof“事關(guān)……的事”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有D項(xiàng)符合正確表達(dá)。

9.單選題

IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.

Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.

Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate'sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers'unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.

Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.

Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.

Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.

JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.

1.Paragraph1suggeststhat().

2.AccordingtoParagraph2,().

3.Paragraph4pointsoutthattheincomeinthestatesectoris().

4.ItcanbelearnedfromtheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinthatunions()

5.WhatisJohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystem?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.JimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservant

B.Teamstershaskeptgrowinginitsbodyofmembers

C.thenumberofunionistsinpublic-sectorhasincreased

D.thegovernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.auniversitydegreeisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionmembership

B.LaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions

C.public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions

D.public-sectorunionsarehesitantintakingactions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.fairlyadjusted

B.illegallysecured

C.indirectlyincreased

D.excessivelyincreased

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem

B.maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms

C.canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes

D.aredominantinthegovernment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tolerance.

B.Disapproval.

C.Indifference.

D.Appreciation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段第二句“WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.”可知,在1960年只有十分之一的美國(guó)政府工作人員屬于工會(huì)而現(xiàn)在是36%。而由最后兩句“In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.”可知,2009年,美國(guó)公共部門(mén)工會(huì)成員的數(shù)量超過(guò)了私營(yíng)部門(mén)工會(huì)成員的數(shù)量。在英國(guó),超過(guò)一半的公共部門(mén)員工加入了工會(huì),但只有15%的私營(yíng)部門(mén)員工加入了工會(huì)。由此可以判斷,這么多年來(lái),公共部門(mén)的工會(huì)成員人數(shù)有所增加,所以C選項(xiàng)表述正確。原文只是說(shuō)明JimmyHoffa如果活著可能會(huì)代表公務(wù)員,并不是說(shuō)他真的是公務(wù)員,因此A選項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容不符。B選項(xiàng)“卡車司機(jī)成員不斷增加”與原文內(nèi)容不符,原文只是說(shuō)1960年卡車司機(jī)處于巔峰時(shí)期,故表述錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“政府改善了它與工會(huì)的關(guān)系”,在原文中并未提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn):根據(jù)第二段可以得出……。原文第二段主要介紹了工會(huì)興盛的三個(gè)原因,原因一:他們可以在不承擔(dān)后果的情況下解決事情;原因二:他們大多聰明且受過(guò)良好的教育;原因三:他們現(xiàn)在主導(dǎo)著中間偏左的政治。由此可知,C選項(xiàng)表述正確,withoutsufferingmuch說(shuō)明他們很少惹上麻煩,即seldomgetintrouble。原文第二段第四句指出“AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree”,所以并不是所有的公共部門(mén)工會(huì)成員都被要求擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位。可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。由原因三可知,工黨一直和工會(huì)聯(lián)系在一起,工黨領(lǐng)袖的當(dāng)選部分原因歸功于公共部分工會(huì)的投票,可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)的表述在原文中并未提及,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn):從第四段可以得知,國(guó)營(yíng)部門(mén)的收入是……。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句,通過(guò)Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.可知,政客們一再“加碼”公共部門(mén)的薪酬協(xié)議,要保持適度的工資增長(zhǎng),但要增加假期,尤其是已經(jīng)很豐厚的養(yǎng)老金。由此可知,國(guó)營(yíng)部門(mén)的收入需要間接進(jìn)行提高??膳袛郈選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)表示“公平調(diào)整”,B選項(xiàng)表示“非法獲得”,D選項(xiàng)表示“過(guò)度增加”,均與原文內(nèi)容不符,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn):我們可以從威斯康辛州工會(huì)的例子中了解到,工會(huì)應(yīng)該……。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor”,根據(jù)句意可知,在威斯康辛州,各工會(huì)集結(jié)了數(shù)千支持者,反對(duì)共和黨強(qiáng)硬派州長(zhǎng)ScottWalker。由此可知B選項(xiàng)“工會(huì)是公共部門(mén)改革的障礙”表述正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常與當(dāng)前的政治體制相抵觸”屬于推斷過(guò)度,而C選項(xiàng)“能改變?nèi)藗兊恼螒B(tài)度”和D選項(xiàng)“在政府中占主導(dǎo)地位”在原文中均為提及。因此,本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問(wèn):JohnDonahue對(duì)公共工會(huì)部門(mén)的態(tài)度是……。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文最后一段,由“Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbigge

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