考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南寧學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南寧學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Vacationpoliciescontinuetobeasourceof（）betweenmanagementandtheworkers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturbance

B.resistance

C.contraction

D.friction

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：休閑度假政策仍然是管理層和工人之間（）的根源。

disturbance干擾，騷亂；resistance阻力，電阻，抵抗；contraction收縮，緊縮；friction

摩擦。D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advancement

B.acquisition

C.announcement

D.acknowledgement

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.advancement促進(jìn)；推動(dòng)B.acquisition（知識(shí)、技能等的）獲得；得到

C.announcement（指行動(dòng)）宣布；宣告D.acknowledgement（對(duì)事實(shí)、現(xiàn)實(shí)、存在的）承認(rèn)；感謝；謝禮

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：約翰遜博士被授予榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)，以……他為學(xué)院所做的寶貴工作。根據(jù)邏輯，是由于約翰遜博士為學(xué)院做了貢獻(xiàn)所以被授予榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)，這個(gè)稱號(hào)是用來(lái)感謝他的。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】約翰遜博士被授予榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)，以表彰他為學(xué)院所做的寶貴工作。

3.單選題

Heisgoingto（）themeetingonthesubjectofwarandpeaceinaminute.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.speak

B.talk

C.remark

D.address

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞詞義辨析。talk通常與to/with/about搭配；speak一般接某種語(yǔ)言，不接說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容；remark指某人對(duì)他人觀點(diǎn)或言行的評(píng)論；address做動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示：向……講話，向……發(fā)表演說(shuō)，一般用于正式場(chǎng)合。addressthemeetingonsth.表示：就……議題在大會(huì)上發(fā)言。所以本題選D。

4.單選題

Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.

Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.Butfailurebyotherresearcherstoconfirmsuchfindingshasledskepticstospeculatethatthepatientswhorememberedtheseeventsmightbrieflyhaveregainedconsciousnessinthecourseofoperations.

GittaLubke,PeterSebelandcolleaguesatEmoryUniversityinAtlantameasuredthedepthofanesthesiausingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation,saysLubke.

Lubkestudied96traumapatientsundergoingemergencysurgery,manyofwhomweretooseverelyinjuredtotoleratefullanesthesia.Duringsurgery,eachpatientworeheadphonesthroughwhichaseriesof16wordswasrepeatedfor3minuteseach.Atthesametime,bispectralanalysisrecordedthedepthofanesthesia.

Aftertheoperation,Lubketestedthepatientsbyshowingthemthefirstthreelettersofaword,suchas“l(fā)im-”,andaskingthemtocompleteit.Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“l(fā)imit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.Noneofthepatientshadanyconsciousmemoryofhearingthewordlists.

Unconsciousprimingwasstrongestforwordsplayedwhenpatientsweremostlightlyanaesthetized.Butitwasstatisticallysignificantevenwhenpatientswerefullyanaesthetizedwhenthewordwasplayed.

ThisfindingwhichwillbepublishedinthejournalAnesthesiologycouldmeanthatoperatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet.“Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards,”saysPhilipMerikle,apsychologistattheUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario.

1.Scientistshavefoundthatdeepanesthesia______.

2.Bythenewstudythetechniqueofbyspectralanalysishelpsthescientists______.

3.Totestthepatientsthescientists______.

4.Theresultsfromthenewstudyindicatethatitwaspossibleforthepatients______.

5.Whatwecaninferfromthefindingis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.islikelytoaffecthearing

B.cannotblocksurgeon’swords

C.cancauseseriousdamagestomemory

D.helpstoretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.acquireanaveragemeasurementofbrainwavechangesoverthewholesurgery

B.decidewhetherthepatientwouldretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

C.relatetheirmeasurementsandrecordingstotheverbalsoundsduringsurgery

D.assurethedepthofanesthesiaduringsurgery

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.preparedtwolistsofwords

B.usedninety-sixheadphonesforlistening

C.conductedthewholeexperimentforthreeminutes

D.voicedonlythefirstthreelettersofsixteenwordsduringsurgery

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.toregainconsciousnessundertheknife

B.totellonewordfromanotheraftersurgery

C.torecallwhathadbeenheardduringsurgery

D.tooverreacttodeepanesthesiainthecourseofoperation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.howsurgeonmalpracticecanbeprevented

B.whyasurgeoncannotbetoocareful

C.whysurgeonsshouldholdtheirtonguesduringsurgery

D.howthepostoperativepatientscanretainsubconsciousmemories

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.（一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，即使病人沒(méi)有醒來(lái)，他們也能回憶起在全身麻醉下聽(tīng)到的聲音。）”也就是說(shuō)，全麻不會(huì)阻止病人聽(tīng)到醫(yī)生說(shuō)的話，所以B選項(xiàng)“不能阻擋外科醫(yī)生的話”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“可能影響聽(tīng)力”和C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)對(duì)記憶造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害”文章沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“幫助保持有意識(shí)或潛意識(shí)的記憶”中的“幫助”表述不當(dāng)，所以不正確。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段“Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.（過(guò)去30年里的幾項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告稱，人們可以對(duì)手術(shù)過(guò)程中發(fā)生的事情保持有意識(shí)或潛意識(shí)的記憶。）”和第三段“...usingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.（使用雙譜分析技術(shù)測(cè)量了麻醉深度，這種技術(shù)可以測(cè)量手術(shù)過(guò)程中大腦額葉中腦電波模式的變化。）”可知雙譜分析技術(shù)是幫助科學(xué)家們決定病人是保留有意識(shí)的記憶還是潛意識(shí)的記憶，所以B選項(xiàng)“判斷病人是否會(huì)保留有意識(shí)的記憶或潛意識(shí)的記憶”正確。由第三段“Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation（在這項(xiàng)研究之前，研究人員只對(duì)整個(gè)手術(shù)進(jìn)行了平均測(cè)量）”可知A選項(xiàng)“獲得整個(gè)手術(shù)期間腦電波變化的平均測(cè)量值”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“將他們的測(cè)量和錄音與手術(shù)過(guò)程中的語(yǔ)音聯(lián)系起來(lái)”和D選項(xiàng)“術(shù)中保證麻醉深度”不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“l(fā)imit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.（那些在手術(shù)中播放以這些字母開(kāi)頭的單詞的患者——例如，“l(fā)imit”——選擇這個(gè)單詞的頻率比播放不同單詞列表的患者平均高11%）可推斷出有兩個(gè)不同的單詞表，所以A選項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備了兩份單詞表”正確。B選項(xiàng)“使用了九十六個(gè)耳機(jī)聽(tīng)”；C選項(xiàng)“整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了三分鐘”；D選項(xiàng)“在手術(shù)中只發(fā)聲16個(gè)單詞的前三個(gè)字母”都不符合原文，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.（一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，即使病人沒(méi)有醒來(lái)，他們也能回憶起在全身麻醉下聽(tīng)到的聲音。）”可知對(duì)病人來(lái)說(shuō)?；貞浧鹗中g(shù)期間聽(tīng)到的東西是有可能的，所以C選項(xiàng)“回憶手術(shù)中聽(tīng)到的一切”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在刀下恢復(fù)意識(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)“手術(shù)后說(shuō)出一個(gè)詞和另一個(gè)詞”；D選項(xiàng)“在手術(shù)過(guò)程中對(duì)深度麻醉反應(yīng)過(guò)度”都不符合原文，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段“...operatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet...Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards（……這可能意味著手術(shù)室的工作人員應(yīng)該更加謹(jǐn)慎……他們?cè)谑中g(shù)中說(shuō)的話可能會(huì)讓病人在手術(shù)后感到痛苦）”可推斷出工作人員在手術(shù)期間最好不要說(shuō)話，所以C選項(xiàng)“為什么外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)時(shí)不應(yīng)該說(shuō)話”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如何防止外科醫(yī)生瀆職”；B選項(xiàng)“為什么外科醫(yī)生越小心越好”；D選項(xiàng)“術(shù)后患者如何保持潛意識(shí)記憶”均不符合原文，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Historiansshareonefundamental（）thatwecanlearnfromthemistakesofourpast.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assumption

B.supposition

C.ideology

D.ethos

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。assumption“假設(shè)”;supposition“推測(cè)”;ideology“意識(shí)形態(tài)，思想體系”;ethos“民族精神”。句意：歷史學(xué)家有一個(gè)基本的思想體系，也就是從過(guò)去的錯(cuò)誤中汲取教訓(xùn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Thevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutsidethesubjectorfield（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inview

B.inquestion

C.incase

D.ineffect

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項(xiàng)inview“已提出的；已計(jì)劃好的”；B選項(xiàng)inquestion“正被討論的”；C選項(xiàng)incase“萬(wàn)一；如果”；D選項(xiàng)ineffect“生效；正實(shí)施中”。句意：任何專業(yè)討論的詞匯可能包括……主題或領(lǐng)域之外從來(lái)不使用的單詞。一些專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)會(huì)在正討論著的主題或者領(lǐng)域外產(chǎn)生。句中缺少outsidethesubjectorfield一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)，B選項(xiàng)符合句意和邏輯，故選B。

7.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreaternumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirrightorabilitytopracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefencewhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehaviour:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

11.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.

12.Thethirdparagraph（）.

13.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.

14.Theusualideaofthecavemaninthelastparagraph（）.

15.TheopeningquotationfromMargaretMeadsumsuparelationshipbetweenmanandwomanwhichtheauthor（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwiththefirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearliestparagraph

C.supportthefirstsentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isbasedonthestudyofarchaeology

B.illustrateshowpeopleexpectmentobehave

C.isdismissedbytheauthorasanirrelevantjoke

D.provesthattheman,notwomen,shouldbethewooer

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.approvesof

B.arguesisnatural

C.completelyrejects

D.expectstogoonchanging

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】11.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子對(duì)其性別角色的確定與他們從事某些婦女不允許從事的活動(dòng)的權(quán)利或能力有關(guān)）。從此句可知，男人們很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通過(guò)一些方式來(lái)把握和鞏固這個(gè)地位，因此C選項(xiàng)“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子漢氣概’”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，沒(méi)有提及；B選項(xiàng)“在求愛(ài)中采取主動(dòng)”，亦沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“往往比女人更不道德”，文章沒(méi)有具體說(shuō)明。

12.判斷推理題。第一段講述的是男性會(huì)通過(guò)阻止婦女進(jìn)入某個(gè)領(lǐng)域或從事某項(xiàng)壯舉來(lái)保證他們的男子氣概，而第三段說(shuō)Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（關(guān)于婦女繼續(xù)受到家庭奴役和男子圍繞其迄今為止公認(rèn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)所建立的復(fù)雜的防御體系的出版物層出不窮，有時(shí)采取明顯的形式，將婦女排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團(tuán)體之外。）和第一段說(shuō)的幾乎都是同樣的主題，因此A選項(xiàng)“大致同意第一段”正確。B選項(xiàng)“和第一段沒(méi)有關(guān)系”；C選項(xiàng)“重復(fù)第二段的論點(diǎn)”以及D選項(xiàng)“與最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并沒(méi)有談到這方面的信息，都不正確。

13.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段結(jié)尾處作者用比較夸張的方式提到，在原始社會(huì)里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句話Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人們都持著那種從人類(lèi)最原始的狀態(tài)時(shí)就有的關(guān)于男人和女人社會(huì)角色的觀點(diǎn)。）因此最后兩句話形象而具體地解釋了那種觀點(diǎn)到底是什么。因此C選項(xiàng)“支持同一段的第一句話”正確。A選項(xiàng)“表明男人比女人更強(qiáng)大”，并沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明；B選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)一步表達(dá)最初段落的意思”，最后一段并沒(méi)有繼續(xù)講述第一段的信息；D選項(xiàng)“否認(rèn)他所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)”，不正確。

14.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段anexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes（只是作為人們內(nèi)心對(duì)兩性角色區(qū)分的基本正確性的期望的表達(dá)。）因此B選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明了人們對(duì)男人的期望”正確。A選項(xiàng)“是基于考古學(xué)的研究”；C選項(xiàng)“被作者當(dāng)作一個(gè)無(wú)關(guān)緊要的笑話而不予理會(huì)”以及D選項(xiàng)“這證明了求婚者應(yīng)該是男人，而不是女人”，都不是正確的理解。

15.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.（有許多客觀證據(jù)表明男性地位的下降。）隨后又舉例說(shuō)明兩性社會(huì)角色在發(fā)生變化，因此D選項(xiàng)“期望繼續(xù)改變”正確。最后一段作者承認(rèn)引文的觀點(diǎn)自古就有，但他認(rèn)為這種關(guān)系正在變化，因此A選項(xiàng)“同意”；B選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為是自然的”以及C選項(xiàng)“完全拒絕”都不正確。

8.單選題

Thecompanyhascapitalized（）theerrorofjudgmentmadebyitsbusinesscompetitor

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.over

C.with

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個(gè)公司利用商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者做的錯(cuò)誤判斷而獲利。

考查固定搭配。capitalizeon充分利用某事物，從某事物中獲利。

9.單選題

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural（）ofmoralityisnotmyview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為，女人是道德的天然，但我不認(rèn)同。guardians守護(hù)者、保護(hù)人；guards守衛(wèi)、后衛(wèi)、護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)、禁衛(wèi)軍；guides引導(dǎo)、向?qū)?；soldiers軍人。故選A。

10.單選題

Hypertensionplacesstressonanumberoforgans(calledtargetorgans),includingthekidney,eyes,andheart,causingthemto（）overtime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorate

B.distress

C.underscore

D.dilute

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。deteriorate惡化，變壞；distress悲痛，苦惱，不幸；underscore強(qiáng)調(diào)，底線；dilute稀釋，沖淡。句意：高血壓使許多器官受到壓力，包括腎臟、眼睛和心臟，久而久之會(huì)使它們感到痛苦。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Thepolicearedoingalltheycantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evidence

B.hearing

C.justice

D.rule

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。evidence“證據(jù)，證明”；hearing“聽(tīng)力；審訊”；justice“司法，法律制裁，正義”；rule“統(tǒng)治，規(guī)則”。句意：警察正竭盡全力找出爆炸案的元兇將之繩之以法。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.

Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.

Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadeandhowcompromise,isreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.

Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthy

andimpersonal.

ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemultimillion-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargainingfurther.TheAmericannegotiator'srolebecomesthatofanimpersonalpurveyorofinformationandcash.

InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeenidentifiedthatmayservetoconfirmthisstereotypicalperception,whileunderminingthenegotiator’sposition.

Twotraitsinparticularthosecausecross-culturalmisunderstandingsaredirectnessandimpatienceonthepartoftheAmericannegotiator.Furthermore，Americannegotiators,ofteninsistonrealizingshort-termbenefits.Foreignnegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-termbenefits.

Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymayoptforindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.

Clearly,perceptionsanddifferencesinvaluesaffecttheoutcomesofnegotiationsandthesuccessfornegotiators.ForAmericanstoplayamoreeffectiveroleininternationalbusinessnegotiations,theymustputforthmoreefforttoimprovecross-culturalunderstanding.

【答案】國(guó)際貿(mào)易以及海外投資的增長(zhǎng)促使了對(duì)具有語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和跨文化交流技巧的人才的需求的出現(xiàn)。

交流包括說(shuō)服和妥協(xié)，但是為了使交流者參與其中任何一項(xiàng)，談判代表必須要了解在談判的文化中怎么說(shuō)服他人以及怎么妥協(xié)。

在國(guó)外的談判者看來(lái)，美國(guó)人代表的一個(gè)資產(chǎn)幾百萬(wàn)的公司可以支付任何費(fèi)用，不用討價(jià)還價(jià)。

尤其能夠?qū)е驴缥幕`會(huì)的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)是美國(guó)談判者的直接了斷和沒(méi)耐心。

為了鞏固彼此之間的關(guān)系，他們通常會(huì)采用間接交流的方法，而不去計(jì)較用于了解對(duì)方談判者的時(shí)間。

13.單選題

Althoughtheexaminationhepassedwasnotimportant,hissuccess_______himinhisambitiontobecomeadoctor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuaded

B.urged

C.convinced

D.encouraged

【答案】D

【解析】persuaded勸說(shuō)；urged催促，慫恿；convinced使相信；encouraged激勵(lì)，鼓舞。句意：雖然這個(gè)考試并不重要，但他的成功極大地鼓舞了他想要成為一名醫(yī)生的理想。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.單選題

Thepresidentexplainedthatthepurposeoftaxationwasto（

）governmentspending.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.finance

B.expand

C.enlarge

D.budget

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:總統(tǒng)解釋說(shuō)，稅收的目的是為政府開(kāi)支（

）。

Finance為...提供資金;expand擴(kuò)大;enlarge擴(kuò)大;budget安排開(kāi)支,預(yù)算。故選A。

15.單選題

Everymonth￥3is（

）fromoursalaryforhouserepairingpayment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excluded

B.expelled

C.compelled

D.docked

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exclude“排除，排斥”；expel“開(kāi)除，逐出”；compel“迫使，強(qiáng)迫”；dock“扣除”。句意：每個(gè)月會(huì)從我們的工資中扣除3元作為房屋維修基金。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Duringtheadolescence,thedevelopmentofpoliticalideologybecomesapparentintheindividual;ideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Thesearcaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’srapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.ByknowledgeImeanmorethanthedreary“facts”,suchasthecompositionofcountygovernment,thatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefacts.Muchofthenaivetethatcharacterizestheyoungeradolescent’sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfromanignoranceof“facts”butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpoliticalsocialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountmembersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children’smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdata.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet—republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheencompassingfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementaboutschools?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sevaluationoftheaccumulationofpoliticalknowledgebyadolescents?

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationoftheauthor’sdiscussionoftheroleofpoliticalknowledgeintheformationofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalarguments

B.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescence

C.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology

D.explainwhyanadolescent’spoliticalideologyusuallyappearsmoresophisticatedthanitactuallyis

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Consciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaivete.

B.Thoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordination.

C.Rejectionofabstractreasoninginfavorofinvolvementwithpragmaticsituations.

D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinwhichthepresidentialinaugurationceremonyhaschangedovertheyears.

B.Adebateinwhichtheparticipantsargue,respectively,thatthefederalgovernmentshouldorshouldnotsupportprivateschools.

C.Asummaryoftherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthelegislative,executive,andjudicialbranchesofgovernment.

D.AnarticledetailingthespecificreligiousgroupsthatfoundedAmericancoloniesandtheguidingprinciplesofeachone.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldpresentpoliticalinformationaccordingtocarefullyplanned,schematicarrangements.

B.Theythemselvesconstitutepartofageneralsociopoliticalsystemthatadolescentsarelearningtounderstand.

C.Iftheyweretointroducepoliticalsubjectmatterintheprimarygrades,studentswouldunderstandcurrentpoliticalrealitiesatanearlierage.

D.Becausetheyaresubsidiarytogovernment,theircontributiontothepoliticalunderstandingofadolescentmustbelimited.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunquestionablynecessary,butitssignificancecaneasilybeoverestimated.

B.Itisimportant,butnotasimportantasistheabilitytoappearknowledgeable.

C.Itdelaysthenecessityofconsideringunderlyingprinciples.

D.Itisprimarilyrelevanttoanunderstandingoflimited,localconcerns,suchascountrypolitics.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Heacknowledgesitsimportance,butthenmodifieshisinitialassertionofthatimportance.

B.Heconsistentlyresiststheideathatitisimportant,usingaseriesofexamplestosupporthisstand.

C.Hewaversinevaluatingitandfinallyusesanalogiestoexplainwhyheisindecisive.

D.Hecarefullyrefrainsfrommakinganinitialjudgmentaboutit,butlaterconfirmsitscriticalrole.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

【解析】1.作者意圖題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句，“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan‘a(chǎn)ppropriately’demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe‘proper’relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，這些都是知識(shí)的方面，但與青少年對(duì)政治體系中許多不言而喻的假設(shè)的理解相比，他們顯得沒(méi)那么關(guān)鍵，比如國(guó)家可以對(duì)公民提出什么適當(dāng)?shù)囊?，反之亦然，或者政府與附屬社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)（如學(xué)校和教堂）之間的適當(dāng)關(guān)系?？膳袛喑霰疚牡闹饕獌?nèi)容旨在闡明青少年必須具備哪些理解能力才能形成一種政治意識(shí)形態(tài)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan‘a(chǎn)ppropriately’demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe‘proper’relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstituti