考研考博-英語-南寧學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南寧學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Vacationpoliciescontinuetobeasourceof（）betweenmanagementandtheworkers.

問題1選項

A.disturbance

B.resistance

C.contraction

D.friction

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：休閑度假政策仍然是管理層和工人之間（）的根源。

disturbance干擾，騷亂；resistance阻力，電阻，抵抗；contraction收縮，緊縮；friction

摩擦。D選項符合句意。

2.單選題

Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.

問題1選項

A.advancement

B.acquisition

C.announcement

D.acknowledgement

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.advancement促進；推動B.acquisition（知識、技能等的）獲得；得到

C.announcement（指行動）宣布；宣告D.acknowledgement（對事實、現(xiàn)實、存在的）承認；感謝；謝禮

【答案】D

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：約翰遜博士被授予榮譽稱號，以……他為學院所做的寶貴工作。根據(jù)邏輯，是由于約翰遜博士為學院做了貢獻所以被授予榮譽稱號，這個稱號是用來感謝他的。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】約翰遜博士被授予榮譽稱號，以表彰他為學院所做的寶貴工作。

3.單選題

Heisgoingto（）themeetingonthesubjectofwarandpeaceinaminute.

問題1選項

A.speak

B.talk

C.remark

D.address

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞詞義辨析。talk通常與to/with/about搭配；speak一般接某種語言，不接說話的內(nèi)容；remark指某人對他人觀點或言行的評論；address做動詞時表示：向……講話，向……發(fā)表演說，一般用于正式場合。addressthemeetingonsth.表示：就……議題在大會上發(fā)言。所以本題選D。

4.單選題

Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.

Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.Butfailurebyotherresearcherstoconfirmsuchfindingshasledskepticstospeculatethatthepatientswhorememberedtheseeventsmightbrieflyhaveregainedconsciousnessinthecourseofoperations.

GittaLubke,PeterSebelandcolleaguesatEmoryUniversityinAtlantameasuredthedepthofanesthesiausingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation,saysLubke.

Lubkestudied96traumapatientsundergoingemergencysurgery,manyofwhomweretooseverelyinjuredtotoleratefullanesthesia.Duringsurgery,eachpatientworeheadphonesthroughwhichaseriesof16wordswasrepeatedfor3minuteseach.Atthesametime,bispectralanalysisrecordedthedepthofanesthesia.

Aftertheoperation,Lubketestedthepatientsbyshowingthemthefirstthreelettersofaword,suchas“l(fā)im-”,andaskingthemtocompleteit.Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“l(fā)imit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.Noneofthepatientshadanyconsciousmemoryofhearingthewordlists.

Unconsciousprimingwasstrongestforwordsplayedwhenpatientsweremostlightlyanaesthetized.Butitwasstatisticallysignificantevenwhenpatientswerefullyanaesthetizedwhenthewordwasplayed.

ThisfindingwhichwillbepublishedinthejournalAnesthesiologycouldmeanthatoperatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet.“Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards,”saysPhilipMerikle,apsychologistattheUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario.

1.Scientistshavefoundthatdeepanesthesia______.

2.Bythenewstudythetechniqueofbyspectralanalysishelpsthescientists______.

3.Totestthepatientsthescientists______.

4.Theresultsfromthenewstudyindicatethatitwaspossibleforthepatients______.

5.Whatwecaninferfromthefindingis______.

問題1選項

A.islikelytoaffecthearing

B.cannotblocksurgeon’swords

C.cancauseseriousdamagestomemory

D.helpstoretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

問題2選項

A.acquireanaveragemeasurementofbrainwavechangesoverthewholesurgery

B.decidewhetherthepatientwouldretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories

C.relatetheirmeasurementsandrecordingstotheverbalsoundsduringsurgery

D.assurethedepthofanesthesiaduringsurgery

問題3選項

A.preparedtwolistsofwords

B.usedninety-sixheadphonesforlistening

C.conductedthewholeexperimentforthreeminutes

D.voicedonlythefirstthreelettersofsixteenwordsduringsurgery

問題4選項

A.toregainconsciousnessundertheknife

B.totellonewordfromanotheraftersurgery

C.torecallwhathadbeenheardduringsurgery

D.tooverreacttodeepanesthesiainthecourseofoperation

問題5選項

A.howsurgeonmalpracticecanbeprevented

B.whyasurgeoncannotbetoocareful

C.whysurgeonsshouldholdtheirtonguesduringsurgery

D.howthepostoperativepatientscanretainsubconsciousmemories

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.（一項新的研究表明，即使病人沒有醒來，他們也能回憶起在全身麻醉下聽到的聲音。）”也就是說，全麻不會阻止病人聽到醫(yī)生說的話，所以B選項“不能阻擋外科醫(yī)生的話”符合原文。A選項“可能影響聽力”和C選項“會對記憶造成嚴重損害”文章沒有提及；D選項“幫助保持有意識或潛意識的記憶”中的“幫助”表述不當，所以不正確。因此B選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段“Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.（過去30年里的幾項研究報告稱，人們可以對手術(shù)過程中發(fā)生的事情保持有意識或潛意識的記憶。）”和第三段“...usingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.（使用雙譜分析技術(shù)測量了麻醉深度，這種技術(shù)可以測量手術(shù)過程中大腦額葉中腦電波模式的變化。）”可知雙譜分析技術(shù)是幫助科學家們決定病人是保留有意識的記憶還是潛意識的記憶，所以B選項“判斷病人是否會保留有意識的記憶或潛意識的記憶”正確。由第三段“Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation（在這項研究之前，研究人員只對整個手術(shù)進行了平均測量）”可知A選項“獲得整個手術(shù)期間腦電波變化的平均測量值”說法錯誤；C選項“將他們的測量和錄音與手術(shù)過程中的語音聯(lián)系起來”和D選項“術(shù)中保證麻醉深度”不符合原文。因此B選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“l(fā)imit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.（那些在手術(shù)中播放以這些字母開頭的單詞的患者——例如，“l(fā)imit”——選擇這個單詞的頻率比播放不同單詞列表的患者平均高11%）可推斷出有兩個不同的單詞表，所以A選項“準備了兩份單詞表”正確。B選項“使用了九十六個耳機聽”；C選項“整個實驗進行了三分鐘”；D選項“在手術(shù)中只發(fā)聲16個單詞的前三個字母”都不符合原文，因此A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.（一項新的研究表明，即使病人沒有醒來，他們也能回憶起在全身麻醉下聽到的聲音。）”可知對病人來說。回憶起手術(shù)期間聽到的東西是有可能的，所以C選項“回憶手術(shù)中聽到的一切”正確。A選項“在刀下恢復意識”；B選項“手術(shù)后說出一個詞和另一個詞”；D選項“在手術(shù)過程中對深度麻醉反應過度”都不符合原文，因此C選項正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段“...operatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet...Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards（……這可能意味著手術(shù)室的工作人員應該更加謹慎……他們在手術(shù)中說的話可能會讓病人在手術(shù)后感到痛苦）”可推斷出工作人員在手術(shù)期間最好不要說話，所以C選項“為什么外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)時不應該說話”符合題意。A選項“如何防止外科醫(yī)生瀆職”；B選項“為什么外科醫(yī)生越小心越好”；D選項“術(shù)后患者如何保持潛意識記憶”均不符合原文，因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Historiansshareonefundamental（）thatwecanlearnfromthemistakesofourpast.

問題1選項

A.assumption

B.supposition

C.ideology

D.ethos

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。assumption“假設(shè)”;supposition“推測”;ideology“意識形態(tài)，思想體系”;ethos“民族精神”。句意：歷史學家有一個基本的思想體系，也就是從過去的錯誤中汲取教訓。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Thevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutsidethesubjectorfield（）.

問題1選項

A.inview

B.inquestion

C.incase

D.ineffect

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項inview“已提出的；已計劃好的”；B選項inquestion“正被討論的”；C選項incase“萬一；如果”；D選項ineffect“生效；正實施中”。句意：任何專業(yè)討論的詞匯可能包括……主題或領(lǐng)域之外從來不使用的單詞。一些專業(yè)術(shù)語會在正討論著的主題或者領(lǐng)域外產(chǎn)生。句中缺少outsidethesubjectorfield一個修飾語，B選項符合句意和邏輯，故選B。

7.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreaternumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirrightorabilitytopracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefencewhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehaviour:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

11.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.

12.Thethirdparagraph（）.

13.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.

14.Theusualideaofthecavemaninthelastparagraph（）.

15.TheopeningquotationfromMargaretMeadsumsuparelationshipbetweenmanandwomanwhichtheauthor（）.

問題1選項

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

問題2選項

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwiththefirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

問題3選項

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearliestparagraph

C.supportthefirstsentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

問題4選項

A.isbasedonthestudyofarchaeology

B.illustrateshowpeopleexpectmentobehave

C.isdismissedbytheauthorasanirrelevantjoke

D.provesthattheman,notwomen,shouldbethewooer

問題5選項

A.approvesof

B.arguesisnatural

C.completelyrejects

D.expectstogoonchanging

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】11.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子對其性別角色的確定與他們從事某些婦女不允許從事的活動的權(quán)利或能力有關(guān)）。從此句可知，男人們很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通過一些方式來把握和鞏固這個地位，因此C選項“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子漢氣概’”正確。A選項“對自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，沒有提及；B選項“在求愛中采取主動”，亦沒有提及；D選項“往往比女人更不道德”，文章沒有具體說明。

12.判斷推理題。第一段講述的是男性會通過阻止婦女進入某個領(lǐng)域或從事某項壯舉來保證他們的男子氣概，而第三段說Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（關(guān)于婦女繼續(xù)受到家庭奴役和男子圍繞其迄今為止公認的優(yōu)勢所建立的復雜的防御體系的出版物層出不窮，有時采取明顯的形式，將婦女排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團體之外。）和第一段說的幾乎都是同樣的主題，因此A選項“大致同意第一段”正確。B選項“和第一段沒有關(guān)系”；C選項“重復第二段的論點”以及D選項“與最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并沒有談到這方面的信息，都不正確。

13.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段結(jié)尾處作者用比較夸張的方式提到，在原始社會里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句話Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人們都持著那種從人類最原始的狀態(tài)時就有的關(guān)于男人和女人社會角色的觀點。）因此最后兩句話形象而具體地解釋了那種觀點到底是什么。因此C選項“支持同一段的第一句話”正確。A選項“表明男人比女人更強大”，并沒有明確說明；B選項“進一步表達最初段落的意思”，最后一段并沒有繼續(xù)講述第一段的信息；D選項“否認他所表達的觀點”，不正確。

14.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段anexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes（只是作為人們內(nèi)心對兩性角色區(qū)分的基本正確性的期望的表達。）因此B選項“說明了人們對男人的期望”正確。A選項“是基于考古學的研究”；C選項“被作者當作一個無關(guān)緊要的笑話而不予理會”以及D選項“這證明了求婚者應該是男人，而不是女人”，都不是正確的理解。

15.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.（有許多客觀證據(jù)表明男性地位的下降。）隨后又舉例說明兩性社會角色在發(fā)生變化，因此D選項“期望繼續(xù)改變”正確。最后一段作者承認引文的觀點自古就有，但他認為這種關(guān)系正在變化，因此A選項“同意”；B選項“認為是自然的”以及C選項“完全拒絕”都不正確。

8.單選題

Thecompanyhascapitalized（）theerrorofjudgmentmadebyitsbusinesscompetitor

問題1選項

A.in

B.over

C.with

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個公司利用商業(yè)競爭者做的錯誤判斷而獲利。

考查固定搭配。capitalizeon充分利用某事物，從某事物中獲利。

9.單選題

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural（）ofmoralityisnotmyview.

問題1選項

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他們認為，女人是道德的天然，但我不認同。guardians守護者、保護人；guards守衛(wèi)、后衛(wèi)、護衛(wèi)隊、禁衛(wèi)軍；guides引導、向?qū)?；soldiers軍人。故選A。

10.單選題

Hypertensionplacesstressonanumberoforgans(calledtargetorgans),includingthekidney,eyes,andheart,causingthemto（）overtime.

問題1選項

A.deteriorate

B.distress

C.underscore

D.dilute

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。deteriorate惡化，變壞；distress悲痛，苦惱，不幸；underscore強調(diào)，底線；dilute稀釋，沖淡。句意：高血壓使許多器官受到壓力，包括腎臟、眼睛和心臟，久而久之會使它們感到痛苦。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

Thepolicearedoingalltheycantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingto（）.

問題1選項

A.evidence

B.hearing

C.justice

D.rule

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。evidence“證據(jù)，證明”；hearing“聽力；審訊”；justice“司法，法律制裁，正義”；rule“統(tǒng)治，規(guī)則”。句意：警察正竭盡全力找出爆炸案的元兇將之繩之以法。選項C符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.

Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.

Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadeandhowcompromise,isreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.

Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthy

andimpersonal.

ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemultimillion-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargainingfurther.TheAmericannegotiator'srolebecomesthatofanimpersonalpurveyorofinformationandcash.

InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeenidentifiedthatmayservetoconfirmthisstereotypicalperception,whileunderminingthenegotiator’sposition.

Twotraitsinparticularthosecausecross-culturalmisunderstandingsaredirectnessandimpatienceonthepartoftheAmericannegotiator.Furthermore，Americannegotiators,ofteninsistonrealizingshort-termbenefits.Foreignnegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-termbenefits.

Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymayoptforindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.

Clearly,perceptionsanddifferencesinvaluesaffecttheoutcomesofnegotiationsandthesuccessfornegotiators.ForAmericanstoplayamoreeffectiveroleininternationalbusinessnegotiations,theymustputforthmoreefforttoimprovecross-culturalunderstanding.

【答案】國際貿(mào)易以及海外投資的增長促使了對具有語言知識和跨文化交流技巧的人才的需求的出現(xiàn)。

交流包括說服和妥協(xié)，但是為了使交流者參與其中任何一項，談判代表必須要了解在談判的文化中怎么說服他人以及怎么妥協(xié)。

在國外的談判者看來，美國人代表的一個資產(chǎn)幾百萬的公司可以支付任何費用，不用討價還價。

尤其能夠?qū)е驴缥幕`會的兩個特點是美國談判者的直接了斷和沒耐心。

為了鞏固彼此之間的關(guān)系，他們通常會采用間接交流的方法，而不去計較用于了解對方談判者的時間。

13.單選題

Althoughtheexaminationhepassedwasnotimportant,hissuccess_______himinhisambitiontobecomeadoctor.

問題1選項

A.persuaded

B.urged

C.convinced

D.encouraged

【答案】D

【解析】persuaded勸說；urged催促，慫恿；convinced使相信；encouraged激勵，鼓舞。句意：雖然這個考試并不重要，但他的成功極大地鼓舞了他想要成為一名醫(yī)生的理想。選項D符合句意。

14.單選題

Thepresidentexplainedthatthepurposeoftaxationwasto（

）governmentspending.

問題1選項

A.finance

B.expand

C.enlarge

D.budget

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:總統(tǒng)解釋說，稅收的目的是為政府開支（

）。

Finance為...提供資金;expand擴大;enlarge擴大;budget安排開支,預算。故選A。

15.單選題

Everymonth￥3is（

）fromoursalaryforhouserepairingpayment.

問題1選項

A.excluded

B.expelled

C.compelled

D.docked

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。exclude“排除，排斥”；expel“開除，逐出”；compel“迫使，強迫”；dock“扣除”。句意：每個月會從我們的工資中扣除3元作為房屋維修基金。選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

Duringtheadolescence,thedevelopmentofpoliticalideologybecomesapparentintheindividual;ideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Thesearcaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’srapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.ByknowledgeImeanmorethanthedreary“facts”,suchasthecompositionofcountygovernment,thatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefacts.Muchofthenaivetethatcharacterizestheyoungeradolescent’sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfromanignoranceof“facts”butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpoliticalsocialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountmembersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children’smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdata.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet—republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheencompassingfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementaboutschools?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sevaluationoftheaccumulationofpoliticalknowledgebyadolescents?

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationoftheauthor’sdiscussionoftheroleofpoliticalknowledgeintheformationofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

問題1選項

A.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalarguments

B.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescence

C.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology

D.explainwhyanadolescent’spoliticalideologyusuallyappearsmoresophisticatedthanitactuallyis

問題2選項

A.Consciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaivete.

B.Thoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordination.

C.Rejectionofabstractreasoninginfavorofinvolvementwithpragmaticsituations.

D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety.

問題3選項

A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinwhichthepresidentialinaugurationceremonyhaschangedovertheyears.

B.Adebateinwhichtheparticipantsargue,respectively,thatthefederalgovernmentshouldorshouldnotsupportprivateschools.

C.Asummaryoftherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthelegislative,executive,andjudicialbranchesofgovernment.

D.AnarticledetailingthespecificreligiousgroupsthatfoundedAmericancoloniesandtheguidingprinciplesofeachone.

問題4選項

A.Theyshouldpresentpoliticalinformationaccordingtocarefullyplanned,schematicarrangements.

B.Theythemselvesconstitutepartofageneralsociopoliticalsystemthatadolescentsarelearningtounderstand.

C.Iftheyweretointroducepoliticalsubjectmatterintheprimarygrades,studentswouldunderstandcurrentpoliticalrealitiesatanearlierage.

D.Becausetheyaresubsidiarytogovernment,theircontributiontothepoliticalunderstandingofadolescentmustbelimited.

問題5選項

A.Itisunquestionablynecessary,butitssignificancecaneasilybeoverestimated.

B.Itisimportant,butnotasimportantasistheabilitytoappearknowledgeable.

C.Itdelaysthenecessityofconsideringunderlyingprinciples.

D.Itisprimarilyrelevanttoanunderstandingoflimited,localconcerns,suchascountrypolitics.

問題6選項

A.Heacknowledgesitsimportance,butthenmodifieshisinitialassertionofthatimportance.

B.Heconsistentlyresiststheideathatitisimportant,usingaseriesofexamplestosupporthisstand.

C.Hewaversinevaluatingitandfinallyusesanalogiestoexplainwhyheisindecisive.

D.Hecarefullyrefrainsfrommakinganinitialjudgmentaboutit,butlaterconfirmsitscriticalrole.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

【解析】1.作者意圖題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句，“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan‘a(chǎn)ppropriately’demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe‘proper’relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，這些都是知識的方面，但與青少年對政治體系中許多不言而喻的假設(shè)的理解相比，他們顯得沒那么關(guān)鍵，比如國家可以對公民提出什么適當?shù)囊?，反之亦然，或者政府與附屬社會機構(gòu)（如學校和教堂）之間的適當關(guān)系?？膳袛喑霰疚牡闹饕獌?nèi)容旨在闡明青少年必須具備哪些理解能力才能形成一種政治意識形態(tài)。選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan‘a(chǎn)ppropriately’demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe‘proper’relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstituti