考研考博-英語-上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalismistheprivateownershipofthemajormeansofproduction—capital.Theownershipoflargeamountofcapitalcanbring（1）profits,aswellaseconomicandpoliticalpower.Somerecenttheorists,（2）,havearguedthatoursocietyhasmovedtoanewstageof（3）thattheycall“post-industrial”society.Oneimportantchangeinsuchasocietyisthattheownershipof（4）amountsofcapitalisnolongertheonlyoreventhemostimportant（5）ofprofitsandinfluences;knowledgeaswellas（6）capitalbringsprofitsandinfluence.

Therearemany（7）withthethesisabove,nottheleastof（8）isthatwealthycapitalistscanbuytheexpertsandknowledgetheyneedtokeeptheirprofitsandinfluence.Butthisdoesnot（9）theimportanceofknowledgeinanadvancedindustrialsociety,asthe（10）ofsomenewindustriesindicates（11）,geneticengineeringandthenewcomputertechnologyhave（12）manynewfirmsandmadesomescientistsquiterich.In（13）withcriticismofthepost-industrialsocietythesis,however,itmustalsobe（14）thatthosealreadyincontrolofhugeamountsofcapital(i.e.majorcorporations)soon（15）totakemostprofitsintheseindustriesbasedonnewknowledge.

Movingdownfromthelevelofwealthandpower,westillfindknowledgeincreasingly（16）Manynewhightechjobsarebeingcreatedattheupper-middle-classlevel,butevenmorenewjobsarebeingcreatedinthelow-skill,low-payingservice（17）.Somethinglikeaclasslineisemergingcenteredaroundknowledge.Individualswhofalltoofarbehindinthe（18）ofknowledgeatayoungagewillfinditalmostimpossibletocatchuplater,nomatterhowhardtheytryilliteracyintheEnglishlanguagehasbeenasevere（19）formanyyearsintheUnitedStates,butwearealsomovingtothepointwhencomputerilliteracywillhindermanymorepeopleand（20）themtoalifeoflow-skillandlow-paidlabor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quantitative

B.extensive

C.comprehensive

D.sophisticated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.however

C.therefore

D.furthermore

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aggression

B.proficiency

C.productivity

D.evolution

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.dominant

B.impressive

C.magnificent

D.significant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.source

B.factor

C.component

D.element

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.adequate

B.profitable

C.material

D.spiritual

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.advantages

B.consequences

C.problems

D.potentials

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.them

B.those

C.which

D.that

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.refuse

C.admit

D.acknowledge

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.emergence

B.innovation

C.extinction

D.discovery

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Inaddition

B.Forexample

C.Aboveall

D.Inshort

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.produced

B.created

C.improved

D.facilitated

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.line

B.need

C.doubt

D.match

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.idealized

B.recognized

C.supervised

D.summarized

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.steppedin

B.settleddown

C.leanedover

D.turnedout

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.important

C.popular

D.abundant

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.enterprises

B.employment

C.professions

D.industries

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.control

B.mastery

C.search

D.pursuit

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.handicap

B.penalty

C.inconvenience

D.shortcoming

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.enforce

B.punish

C.impose

D.condemn

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考查形容詞詞義辨析。extensive“大量的，廣泛的”;quantitative“量的，定量的”；comprehension“綜合的，全面的”；sophisticated“復(fù)雜的，世故的”。句意：大量資本能夠帶來大量的收益，同時(shí)也帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治權(quán)力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（2）考查副詞詞義辨析。moreover表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，however表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，therefore表因果關(guān)系；furthermore表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。從該句的argue這個(gè)詞可以看出這句話與前面那句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（3）考查名詞詞義辨析。Aggression“侵略”；proficiency“熟練”；productivity“生產(chǎn)力”；evolution“演變，發(fā)展”。句意：然而，一些現(xiàn)代理論學(xué)家提出我們的社會(huì)已經(jīng)發(fā)展為一個(gè)新的時(shí)代。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（4）考查形容詞詞義辨析。dominant“最重要的，最突出的”；impressive“給人印象深刻的”；magnificent“壯麗的，宏偉的”；significant“重要的，重大的”。根據(jù)這一段第二句話中l(wèi)argeamountofcapital可知空格處應(yīng)該填“大量的”這個(gè)詞，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）考查名詞詞義辨析。Source“來源”；factor“因素”；component“組成部分”；element“元素”。句意：改變之一是大量的資本已經(jīng)不再是收益和影響唯一或者說不是最重要的來源。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（6）考查形容詞詞義辨析。adequate“充足的”；profitable“有利可圖的”；material“物質(zhì)的”；spiritual“精神的”。Knowledge代表的是精神財(cái)富，與物質(zhì)財(cái)富相對，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（7）考查名詞詞義辨析。Advantage“優(yōu)勢”；consequence“結(jié)果，后果”；problem“問題”；potential“潛力”。從后文提及到的有錢的資本家可以買到知識(shí)，這顯然是一種弊端，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（8）考查語法知識(shí)?？崭裉帒?yīng)該填的是一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)可以作為關(guān)系代詞。所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句子開頭的連詞but表明本題意思與上文矛盾，“但是這并不是否認(rèn)知識(shí)的重要性”。Deny（否認(rèn)）符合。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（10）考查名詞詞義辨析。emergence“出現(xiàn)”；innovation“創(chuàng)新”；extinction“滅絕”；discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。下文中提到了newindustries(新工業(yè))，空格處所需要填寫的單詞應(yīng)該與新工業(yè)相呼應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（11）考查上下文語義。根據(jù)上下文可知本句是對新興工業(yè)做進(jìn)一步的舉例說明，forexample“例如”符合這個(gè)語境。Inaddition“此外”；aboveall“首先”；inshort“總之”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考查上下文語義。上文中提到了新的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和新的公司，從這可知新的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)使新的公司產(chǎn)生，所以空格處應(yīng)該填包含有“創(chuàng)造，誕生”意思的詞，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（13）考查固定搭配。inlinewith是固定搭配，意思是“與······一致，按照”；needforsth.“需要”；indoubt“不肯定的，不確定的”；beamatchfor“配得上的，可匹敵的”，根據(jù)句意選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（14）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Idealize“理想化”；recognize“確認(rèn)，承認(rèn)”；supervise“監(jiān)督”；summarize“總結(jié)”。本句中it是形式主語，接著提及到“已經(jīng)控制了大量資本的公司馬上會(huì)涉及這些在新知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)上興起的行業(yè)，并且從中獲得大部分利潤”。根據(jù)句意“這是我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到的問題”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（15）考查詞組辨析。stepin表示“走進(jìn)，介入”；settledown“安頓，解決”；leanover“探身，傾斜”；turnout“結(jié)果是，原來是”。句意：資金雄厚的大企業(yè)很快要進(jìn)來奪走知識(shí)產(chǎn)業(yè)的大部分利潤。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）考查形容詞詞義辨析。Accessible“可進(jìn)去的”；important“重要的”；popular“受歡迎的，流行的”；abundant“豐富的，充足的”。下文提及到了知識(shí)對人們工作的影響，可以得出本文主要是講知識(shí)的重要性。句意：知識(shí)除了能帶來利潤和權(quán)力外，在其他方面也起著重要的作用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）考查固定搭配。某個(gè)行業(yè)用industry這個(gè)詞。Enterprise“企業(yè)，公司”：employment“雇傭”；profession“職業(yè)”。Serviceindustry“服務(wù)行業(yè)”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（18）考查固定搭配。inthepursuitofknowledge“學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)”；incontrolof“控制”；mastery“掌握，精通”；insearchof“尋找，搜尋”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（19）考查名詞詞義辨析。Handicap“障礙，阻礙”；penalty“處罰”；inconvenience“不方便，麻煩”；shortcoming“缺點(diǎn)，短處”。下文中hinder（阻礙）這個(gè)單詞提示此空格處應(yīng)該填與之意思相近的詞，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（20）考查固定搭配。condemnsb.tosth./todosth.“宣告某人要受······的懲罰”，根據(jù)上下文句意可知“不懂電腦阻礙了很多人的發(fā)展，這些人注定一輩子從事低報(bào)酬的非技術(shù)性的工作”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Youshouldn’tgotoworktoday,itisrainingsohard.（）youstillhaveatemperature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.Nevertheless

C.Moreover

D.Despite

【答案】C

【解析】邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，前后構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)中只有Moreover表示遞進(jìn)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.單選題

Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.Itcanexistbetweentwoanimals,betweentwoplants,orbetweenaplantandananimal.Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes,whileinmutualismbothpartnersliveonagive-and-takebasis.

IntheAfricanwilds,thezebraandtheostrichenjoyasymbioticrelationshipthatenhancestheabilityoftheselargelandanimalstosurvive.Bothserveaspreyforthelion,andneitherhasthecapabilityalonetowithstandanattackfromthisfiercehunter.However,whenthezebraandtheostrichcollaborateintheirdefensebyalertingeachothertopossibledangerfromanapproachingpredator,thelionisrarelyabletocapturemorethantheoldestorfeeblestoftheherd.Thecomplementaryphysicalstrengthsandweaknessesoftheostrichandthezebraallowthemtoworkincoordinationtoavoidsuccumbingtothelion.Theostrich,thelargestflightlessbirdintheworld,possessesgreatspeedandkeeneyesight,whichenableittospotlargepredatoryanimalslongbeforetheyareabletopositionthemselvestoattack.Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.Whenostrichesandzebraintermixforgrazing,eachanimalbenefitsfromtheabilityoftheothertodetectapproachingdanger.Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.

1.Choosethedrawingthatdescribesacommensaliststate.

2.Thedifferencebetweenmutualismandcommensalismisthat（）.

3.Inparagraph2,theWord"that"refersto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdrawingdescribeswhathappenswhenalionapproachesazebraandanostrich?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.commensalismisatwo-sidedstate.

B.thepartnersliveonagive-and-takebasisinmutualism.

C.thehostgiveswhiletheguesttakesinmutualism.

D.mutualismoccursbetweentwosimilarorganisms;however,commensalism,twounlikeorganisms.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.runningspeed

B.strength

C.weakness

D.eyesight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

D.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thezebraoftenoffersmorehelpthantheostrichtodetecttheattackofthelion.

B.thezebraandtheostricharecomplementaryintheirabilitiesofavoidingbeingattackedby

C.boththezebraandtheostrichpossessgreatspeedandkeeneyesight.

D.withgreatspeed,thezebraandtheostrichrunfasterthananypredator.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes…”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)并不相同，因?yàn)槠采且环N單向狀態(tài)，即宿主給予，寄生物索取。由此可知B項(xiàng)“宿主→寄生物”表述正確，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問哪一項(xiàng)符合互利共生和偏利共生的區(qū)別。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.”可知，互利共生是一種共生關(guān)系，當(dāng)兩個(gè)不同的有機(jī)體生活在一種互惠的狀態(tài)時(shí)就會(huì)發(fā)生。根據(jù)后文敘述的“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes...”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)是不同的，偏利共生是一種單向的狀態(tài)，即宿主給予而寄生物索取。由此可知A項(xiàng)“偏利共生是一種雙向狀態(tài)”表述錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“靠彼此相互給予和索取合伙共生”表述正確；C項(xiàng)“在互利共生中，宿主給予而寄生物索取”表述錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“互利共生發(fā)生在兩種類似的生物之間，而偏利共生卻發(fā)生于兩種不同的生物之間”與原文不符。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.”可知，斑馬的奔跑速度與鴕鳥相當(dāng)，聽覺和嗅覺都很好，但缺乏鴕鳥敏銳的視力。由此可知這里的that指代“runningspeed（奔跑速度）”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)strength表示“力量”；C項(xiàng)weakness表示“弱點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)eyesight表示“視力”。

4.理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.”可知，如果兩者（即斑馬和鴕鳥）中任一種動(dòng)物覺察到危險(xiǎn)，那么兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺起來并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段可知，斑馬和鴕鳥屬于互利共生的關(guān)系，它們都是獅子的獵物，都沒有能力獨(dú)自抵抗獅子的攻擊，所以它們要進(jìn)行協(xié)同防御，提醒對方可能有危險(xiǎn)。如果兩者中任一種動(dòng)物覺察到危險(xiǎn)，那么這兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺起來并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。由此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥在躲避攻擊的能力上是互補(bǔ)的”表述正確。而A項(xiàng)“在發(fā)現(xiàn)獅子的攻擊時(shí)，斑馬往往比鴕鳥提供更多的幫助”；C項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥都有極快的速度和敏銳的視力”以及D項(xiàng)“由于有非?？斓乃俣?，斑馬和鴕鳥跑得比任何食肉動(dòng)物都快”均與原文不符，可排除。

4.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

（

）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless（然而，所有這些潤滑劑并不能改變?nèi)艘呀?jīng)變得毫無力量的事實(shí)）可知C選項(xiàng)“與社會(huì)其他部分相比不重要的一部分，盡管運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.（他們生老病死，從來沒有面對過人類作為情感上和智力上獨(dú)立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress（不斷地需要證明自己和競爭對手一樣好，或者比競爭對手強(qiáng)，這就產(chǎn)生了持續(xù)的焦慮和壓力）可知D選項(xiàng)“能遠(yuǎn)離這個(gè)競爭激烈的世界的人”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements（變成一種以人為本的工業(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)中，在這里人及其潛能——愛和理性——的充分開發(fā)是所有社會(huì)安排的目的）可知C選項(xiàng)“使人能充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知作者將社會(huì)比作一個(gè)機(jī)械，人只是這個(gè)機(jī)械中的一個(gè)小齒輪，并對其進(jìn)行了諷刺和批評，因此B選項(xiàng)“不滿”符合題意。

5.單選題

Egyptiansareveryfriendlypeople,andeventhepoorestpersonwillshow______toastranger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hostility

B.indignation

C.hospitality

D.humanity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)hostility“敵意”，B項(xiàng)indignation“憤慨，憤怒”，C項(xiàng)hospitality“好客，殷勤”，D項(xiàng)humanity“人道，人類”。根據(jù)前半句Egyptiansareveryfriendlypeople（埃及人非常友好）可知，空格部分應(yīng)該表示“好客”。句意：埃及人非常友好，即使是最貧窮的人也會(huì)對陌生人表現(xiàn)出熱情好客。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Weworktomakemoney,butit’sa____thatpeoplewhoworkhardandlongoftendonotmakethemostmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.prejudice

C.dilemma

D.conflict

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.paradox矛盾的人（或事物、情況）B.prejudice偏見；成見

C.dilemma（進(jìn)退兩難的）窘境；困境D.conflict沖突；爭執(zhí)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：我們工作是為了賺錢，但一個(gè)……的現(xiàn)象是，長期努力工作的人往往賺不到最多的錢。根據(jù)句意，工作是為了賺錢，但是最努力工作的人卻賺不到最多的錢，這是一個(gè)矛盾的事情。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句意；

D選項(xiàng)conflict“沖突；爭執(zhí)”，指有相反的想法、意見、感情或愿望的情況；很難選擇的情況。該選項(xiàng)不符合語境。

【句意】我們工作是為了賺錢，但一個(gè)自相矛盾的現(xiàn)象是，長期努力工作的人往往賺不到最多的錢。

7.單選題

The______cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的，不兼容的”，B項(xiàng)exceeding“非常的”，C項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”，D項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾關(guān)鍵詞cycleoflifeanddeath“生死循環(huán)”，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有D項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：生與死的永恒循環(huán)是科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的話題。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Beijingisa（）city,andstillmorepeoplearepouringin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.populate

C.populace

D.populous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。popular“受歡迎的”；populate“居住于”，是動(dòng)詞；populace“大眾，平民”；populous“人口多的”。句意：北京是一座人口稠密的城市，仍然還有很多人涌入。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thejudge（）themurderertotwentyyearsinprison.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.required

B.determined

C.indicated

D.sentenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)required“要求，命令”；B選項(xiàng)determine“決定，確定”。C選項(xiàng)indicate“表明，指出”。D選項(xiàng)sentence“宣判，判決”。句意：法官判處殺人犯20年監(jiān)禁。本句表示“對殺人犯進(jìn)行宣判”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Forthemostpart,blacksportsmenacceptthattheyhaveadvantages，inanunspecifiedway,overtheirwhite（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supervisors

B.subordinate

C.counterparts

D.correspondents

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞辨析。supervisors監(jiān)督人，檢查人；subordinates下屬；counterparts相似的人或物，對方；correspondents通信員。句意：大多數(shù)情況下，黑人運(yùn)動(dòng)員承認(rèn)他們以某種不明確的方式優(yōu)越于白人運(yùn)動(dòng)員。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestationauniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要點(diǎn)？’文章第一段大意是“南極洲實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成為一種太空站：一個(gè)獨(dú)特的觀測站，用來探測世界環(huán)境的變化。南極洲遠(yuǎn)離污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以，這里可以得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學(xué)測量結(jié)果。”所以作者提出的要點(diǎn)是D選項(xiàng)“南極洲是進(jìn)行某些科學(xué)研究的更好之地”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘跨南極山脈的東西有何不同？’根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脈“東部”的大陸部分是一個(gè)被近兩英里厚的冰原覆蓋的高原。在山脈的“西部”，美洲南部大陸的一半也被冰原覆蓋，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的巖石上。”確定C選項(xiàng)“東部的冰高于海平面”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘如果南極西部冰盾消失，結(jié)果會(huì)是什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南極西部冰蓋消失，大陸西部將會(huì)變成一個(gè)稀疏的島嶼群?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“大陸西部成為一群島嶼”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘關(guān)于干河谷，下列哪個(gè)是真的？’根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.盡管這些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，它們可能為地球上青翠的地方帶來了希望?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息”正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是？’文章談?wù)撃蠘O洲科研考察的重要性，以及介紹其相關(guān)的環(huán)境特色和問題，所以B選項(xiàng)“南極洲和環(huán)境問題”是最適合的標(biāo)題。

12.單選題

Idon’tunderstandwhatyou’regettingsoworkedupaboutit.It’sreallynotaproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unconcerned

B.concerned

C.angry

D.happy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)unconcerned“不關(guān)