考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東北師范大學(xué)人文學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東北師范大學(xué)人文學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Mostchildrenwithhealthyappetitesarereadytoeatalmostanythingthatisofferedthemandachildrarelydislikesfood（1）

Itisbadlycooked.Thewayamealiscookedandservedismostimportantandanattractivelyservedmealwilloftenimproveachild’sappetite.Neveraskachild（2）

helikesordislikesafoodandneverdiscusslikesanddislikesinfrontofhimorallow（3）

elsetodoso.Ifthefathersayshehatesfatmeatorthemotherrefusesvegetables,inthechild’shearingheis（4）

tocopythisprocedure.Takeit（5）

grantedthathelikeseverythingandheprobablywill.Nothinghealthfulshouldbeomittedfromthemealbecauseofasupposeddislike.Atmealtimesitisagood（6）

togiveachildasmallportionandlethimcomebackforasecondhelpingratherthangivehimas（7）

asheislikelytoeatallatonce.Donottalktoomuchtothechild（8）

mealtimes,butlethimgetonwithhisfood;anddonot（9）

himtoleavethetableimmediatelyafteramealorhewillsoonlearntoswallowhisfoodsohecanhurrybacktohistoys.Under（10）

circumstancesmustachildbecoaxedorforcedtoeat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.if

B.until

C.that

D.unless

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.whether

B.what

C.that

D.which

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.everybody

B.anybody

C.somebody

D.nobody

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.willing

B.possible

C.obliged

D.likely

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.as

C.over

D.for

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.point

B.custom

C.idea

D.plan

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.much

B.little

C.few

D.many

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.over

C.by

D.during

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.agree

B.allow

C.force

D.persuade

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.some

B.any

C.such

D.no

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

【解析】1.詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)if“如果”；B選項(xiàng)until“直到”；C選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”；D選項(xiàng)unless“除非”。句意：孩子往往喜歡食物，______做得很難吃。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，可知橫線前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以u(píng)nless“除非”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)whether“是否”；B選項(xiàng)what“什么”；C選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”；D選項(xiàng)which“哪一個(gè)”。句意：永遠(yuǎn)不要問(wèn)孩子______喜歡或不喜歡某種食物。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指不要問(wèn)孩子喜不喜歡某種食物，whether“是否”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)everybody“每個(gè)人”；B選項(xiàng)anybody“任何人”；C選項(xiàng)somebody“有的人”；D選項(xiàng)nobody“沒(méi)有人”。句意：永遠(yuǎn)不要在他面前討論好惡，也不允許其他______這樣做。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指也不允許別人這樣做，anybody“任何人”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)bewillingto“愿意做某事”；B選項(xiàng)bepossibleto“有可能做到某事”；C選項(xiàng)beobligedto“有義務(wù)做某事”；D選項(xiàng)belikelyto“做某事有可能性”。句意：如果父親說(shuō)他討厭肥肉或母親不吃蔬菜，孩子聽(tīng)到后就會(huì)______模仿這個(gè)行為模式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指孩子有可能會(huì)模仿父母，所以belikelyto“做某事有可能性”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查固定搭配。D選項(xiàng)takeitforgranted“把……當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然”為固定搭配，其余選項(xiàng)不能構(gòu)成固定搭配。句意：你可以想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為他什么都喜歡，他很可能會(huì)喜歡的。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)point“觀點(diǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)custom“習(xí)慣”；C選項(xiàng)idea“主意”；D選項(xiàng)plan“打算”。句意：吃飯的時(shí)候給孩子一小份飯是很好的______。根據(jù)上下文，文章在講的是如何讓孩子不再挑食，并且給了不同的方法，所以idea“主意”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)much“許多的”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；B選項(xiàng)little“很少的”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；C選項(xiàng)few“幾乎沒(méi)有的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞；D選項(xiàng)many“許多的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞。句意：讓他回來(lái)再吃一份，而不是給他很可能一次就吃完的一樣______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是不要孩子能吃多少，就一次性給孩子多少，食物是不可數(shù)名詞，所以much“許多的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)on“在（某一天）”；B選項(xiàng)over“在……之上”；C選項(xiàng)by“到……之前”；D選項(xiàng)during“在……期間”。句意：吃飯時(shí)間不要對(duì)孩子說(shuō)太多話。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指吃飯期間不要對(duì)孩子說(shuō)太多話，所以during“在……期間”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)agree“同意”，不及物動(dòng)詞，agreewithsb.；B選項(xiàng)allow為“允許；給予；認(rèn)可”之意時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，為“容許；考慮”之意時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞；C選項(xiàng)force“強(qiáng)迫”；D選項(xiàng)persuade“勸說(shuō)”。句意：并且不要______他飯后立即離開(kāi)餐桌。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指不允許孩子吃完飯立刻離開(kāi)餐桌，allow“允許”符合題意及語(yǔ)法。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)some“某些的”；B選項(xiàng)any“任何的”；C選項(xiàng)such“這樣的”；D選項(xiàng)no“沒(méi)有”。句意：在______情況下都必須哄誘或強(qiáng)迫孩子吃東西。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指在什么時(shí)候都要讓孩子吃東西，any“任何的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual___manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.retains保持B.gains獲得

C.achieves達(dá)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)D.acquires獲得；取得

【考察點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“獲得，實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思。ofreactingtosituations（對(duì)情況的反應(yīng)）做habitualways（習(xí)慣方式）的后置定語(yǔ)。句意為獲得對(duì)各種情況做出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。acquire指經(jīng)過(guò)努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。這里與habitualways（習(xí)慣方式）相符合。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)retain在這里不符合句子邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)gain指獲得，贏得，經(jīng)過(guò)努力或奮斗獲得某種利益；

C選項(xiàng)得到，獲得，多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。

以上選項(xiàng)均不能和habitualways搭配。

【句意】正是通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)，個(gè)人獲得了對(duì)各種情況做出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。

3.單選題

Theinterestsoftheconsumershouldbeparamount.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supreme

B.unbending

C.superfluous

D.tangible

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.supreme最高的，至高的B.unbending堅(jiān)定的，不易彎曲的，冷漠的

C.superfluous多余的，不必要的D.tangible有形的，切實(shí)的，可觸摸的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息Theinterestsoftheconsumer（消費(fèi)者的利益）可推測(cè)，paramount的意思是“第一位的，首位的”，A選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線單詞含義最為接近，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】消費(fèi)者的利益應(yīng)放在首位。

4.單選題

Canyougivemeanotherhintwithout______theanswer?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.givingoff

B.givingaway

C.givingup

D.givingin

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)givingoff“發(fā)出”；B選項(xiàng)givingaway“泄露”；C選項(xiàng)givingup“放棄”；D選項(xiàng)givingin“屈服”。句意：你能在不告訴我答案的情況下再給我一個(gè)提示嗎？本句表示泄露答案。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Youareanintelligentandarticulateperson.Youhavenoproblemgivingalucidpresentation,deliveringaneloquentspeechorparticipatinginapoliticaldebate.Youstriveformeaningfulconversationsandhavenopatiencewhatsoeverforsmalltalk.“Theweatherisnice,isn’tit?”Really,whocares?

Althoughseeminglytrivialandsuperficial,smalltalkisthestartingpointofallrelationships.Romancesandfriendshipsbeginwithsmalltalk.Inamorepragmaticlight,youcan’tavoidit.Gettingajob,workingwithcolleagues,winningnewclients—allofitrequiressmalltalk.Americanscallitthe“GiftofGab”.Wanttobesuccessful?You’dbetteracquirethisgift.AnarticleontheForbes,websitelistsafewreasonswhysmalltalkissoimportantforone’scareer.Notonlydoessmalltalkmakeusmorelikeable;inone’scareer,smalltalkisalsoa“freeoption”.

Itcanleadtoahostofoutcomes,fromamerelypleasantexchangetothesigningofamultimilliondollarbusinessdeal,saysthearticle.

Inatimewhereabigpartofourliveshasmovedonline,theartofsmalltalkiselusiveandmysterious.Theawkwardexperienceoffeelinglikeatotaloutsideratasocialfunction,suchasacompanyeventoradinnerparty,issharedbymanyofus.

Badsmalltalkerstendtodominatetheconversation.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheirfavoritetopic,whetherit’sfootballorhowclevertheirkidsare.Theythinktheyarebeingsocialbecausetheyaretalking.Buttheyaretalkingtosomebody,notwithsomeone.Suchpeopleoftengivetheimpressionofbeingself-centeredandinconsiderate.

【答案】你聰明機(jī)靈，口齒伶俐。給出清晰的報(bào)告、發(fā)表滔滔不絕的演講、參加政治辯論，你無(wú)所不能。你在這些有意義的語(yǔ)言會(huì)話上花費(fèi)心思，卻對(duì)閑聊嗤之以鼻?！敖裉焯鞖獠诲e(cuò)，是吧？”說(shuō)實(shí)在的，誰(shuí)關(guān)心呢？

雖然看似瑣碎膚淺，但閑聊卻是建立一切關(guān)系的切入點(diǎn)。愛(ài)情和友誼都始于閑聊。更實(shí)際一點(diǎn)考慮的話，你不可能避免閑聊。求職、與同事共事、攻下新客戶，這些都離不開(kāi)閑聊。

美國(guó)人稱之為“能說(shuō)會(huì)道”。你想成功？那么你最好具備這項(xiàng)口才。為了說(shuō)明閑聊對(duì)于個(gè)人事業(yè)的重要性，《福布斯》網(wǎng)站上的一篇文章給出了一系列解釋。閑聊不僅能讓我們更討人喜歡，對(duì)于個(gè)人事業(yè)而言，閑聊也是一種“免費(fèi)期權(quán)”。文章中指出，閑聊能產(chǎn)生一系列的效果，有時(shí)不僅僅是一場(chǎng)愉快的交流，甚至還可以達(dá)成數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元的交易。

在這個(gè)生活逐步網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的吋代，閑聊的藝術(shù)不可思議又難以捉摸。我們中的很多人都曾有過(guò)在公司活動(dòng)、宴會(huì)等社交場(chǎng)合中上化身“局外人”的尷尬經(jīng)歷。

不抱長(zhǎng)閑聊的人往往想要在談話中占據(jù)主動(dòng)。他們花費(fèi)過(guò)多的時(shí)間來(lái)談?wù)撓矚g的話題，無(wú)論是討論足球還是夸獎(jiǎng)他們的孩子有多么聰穎過(guò)人。他們認(rèn)為滔滔不絕就代表善于交際。但是他們說(shuō)話的對(duì)象是些重要人物，而并非普通人。這樣的人通常會(huì)給人留下以自我為中心、不替他人著想的印象。

6.單選題

InMarch1974oneofthemostastonishingarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthetwentiethcenturywasunearthedinthecountyofLintong,ShaanxiProvince.Anentirearmyoflife-sizedwarriorsandhorses,buriedformorethan2,200years,begantobeuncovered.Thesereplicashadbeenplacedintrenchesaroundthestill-unexcavatedtombofQinshihuang,theFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty(221-207B.C.).Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.Mostwereobviouslyintendedasindividualportraits.

Theheadshapesofthesefiguresandtheexpressionsontheirfaceswere,moreorless,individualized,andsoeachmancouldbeidentifiedastohisplaceofregionalorigin.Thesquare-faced,broad-foreheaded,prominent-cheekbone,heavy-featured,big-mouthedandwide-cheekedonesweremodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi.Theshorter,round-faced,sharp-chinned,andthin-lippedsoldiersweremodeledafterpersonsfromtheprovinceofSichuan.OtherswereclearlyfromGansu,andthereweresomewhoappearedtobemembersofvariousminoritiesinnorthwesternChina.Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.

TothesurpriseofbothChineseandWesternarchaeologists,afewoftheclaysoldiersshowednon-Chinesecharacteristics,possiblybeingpersonsfromasfarawayasArabiaorPersia.ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.

Yetacenturylaterthehistoricalrecorddoesindicatelimitedcontactwithforeigners.ThereisonereportintheannalsoftheEasternHanDynasty(A.D.25-220)ofaRomanjugglerwhoarrivedinChinabywayofBurmainA.D.109,andanotherofthearrivalofanenvoyfromMacedoniaataboutthesametime.AndtheRomanhistorianLuciusAnnaeusFlorusmentionsthecomingofaChineseenvoytoRomeasearlyasthereignofAugustus(27B.C.-A.D.14).

ButextensivecontactsbetweenChinaandtheWestdidn'treallybeginuntilthenorthernSilkRoadwasgraduallydevelopedafter138B.C.Thisoverlandroutestartedatpresent-dayXi'anandpassedthroughthe

WesternCorridorbeyondtheYellowRiver,Xinjiang,Farghana(nowUzbekistan),Persia(Iran)andTajik(Iraq)whereitmetwesternboundaryoftheRomanEmpire.

FormorethanathousandyearsthisnorthernSilkRoadprovidedarouteforcaravansthatbroughttoChinadates,saffronpowderandpistachionutsfromPersia;glassbottlesfromEgypt,andmanyotherexpensiveanddesirablegoodsfromotherpartsoftheworld.Andthecaravanswenthomewiththeircamelsandhorsesloadeddownbyboltsofsilkbrocadeandboxesfilledwithlacquerwareandporcelains.

AnotherSilkRoad,documentedinthegeographysectionoftheHistoryofHanDynastywasasearoutethatbeganattheportsofXuwenandHepuontheReizhouPeninsulainSouthChina(nearwhichthecityofBeihaiisnowlocated),passedthroughtheMalaccaStraitandendedinBurmaortheHuangchiKingdomofsouthernIndia.

MoreChineseporcelainsandsilksreachedEuropebythisroutethanbytheoverlandonebecauseofpiratesandstormsatsea.SubsidiarybranchesofthisSilkRoadoftheSeareachedsuchplacesasKorea,Japan,andthePhilippinestoallowfortheexchangeofvariousgoodsnotreadilyavailableoverthelandroute.Forexample,asearlyasthethirdcenturyA.D.,thePhilippineswereshippinggoldtoChinabythisroute.

1.Eachexcavatedwarriori（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Archaeologistsweresurprisedbytheexoticcharacteristicsoftheclaysolderbecause（）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Inthepassage"SilkRoad"refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasgivenauniquefacialexpressionandhairstyle

B.wasmadeofstoneorclay

C.waspaintedwithonecolor

D.wasmodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theclaywarriorswereasbigasrealpeople.

B.Solders'longhairwasknottedattherightsideforconvenience.

C.Asolder'sappearancecouldtellwherehewasfrom.

D.Thesoldersrepresentedpeopleofdifferentnationalities.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.nocontactwithforeignersatthattimewasknowntothem

B.noonehadeverseenforeigners

C.noforeignerscametoChinabefore138B.C.

D.norecordofforeignvisitswasavailable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.moremerchantswerekilledonthesearoute

B.certaingoodsweretooprecioustobetransportedbyland

C.tradebetweenChinaandsoutheastAsiabroughtmoremoneytothegovernment

D.thesearoutewasadvantageousoverthelandroute

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.alandroutebywhichsilkbrocadewastransportedtotheWest

B.anyroutewhichconnectedChinawithothercountries

C.flowofgoodsfromChinatoothercountries

D.caravansthatdidbusinesswithChinaandothercountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.”可知選項(xiàng)B和C錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)第三段可知，兵馬俑部分人物是模仿陜西中部的當(dāng)?shù)厝耍€有部分是模仿四川、甘肅、少數(shù)民族的人等，所以選項(xiàng)D也錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)A每一個(gè)士兵都有自己獨(dú)特的面部表情和發(fā)型，正確。

2.根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)A、C、D均正確，只有選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.”可知，長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)的士兵在右邊扎個(gè)結(jié)不是為了方便，而是因?yàn)榍貒?guó)人都很尊重這個(gè)發(fā)型。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.”因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)期以來(lái)人們一直認(rèn)為，在如此古老的時(shí)代，沒(méi)有來(lái)自中國(guó)以外的人住在那里。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.最后一段主要講海上絲綢之路相對(duì)于陸上絲綢之路來(lái)說(shuō)要更好一些，它可以交換在陸路上不易獲得的各種貨物，比如黃金。選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.文中的絲綢之路是指任何連接中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家的線路，選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A絲綢織錦運(yùn)往西部的陸路，除了絲綢織棉還有瓷器等其他東西，除了陸路還有海路，所以錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C商品從中國(guó)流向其他國(guó)家，還有其他國(guó)家運(yùn)來(lái)中國(guó)的，所以錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D是與中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家做生意的商隊(duì)，也不正確。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

（1）Becauseanalysisultimatelyrestswiththethinkingandchoicesoftheresearcher,qualitativestudiesingeneralarelimitedbyresearchersubjectivity.Therefore,anoverridingconcernisthatofresearcherbias,framingasitdoesassumptions,interests,perceptions,andneeds.（2）Oneofthekeylimitationsofthisstudyistheissueofsubjectivityandpotentialbiasregardingtheresearcher’sownparticipationinadoctoralprogramfirstasastudentandcurrentlyasafacultymember.

（3）Arelatedlimitationwasthatintervieweesmayhavehaddifficultyadjustingto

the

researchertakingontheroleofinterviewer,aphenomenonreferredtobyMaxwellasparticipantreactivity.Becauseafewoftheparticipantsknowtheresearcher,theirresponsesmayhavebeeninfluencedoraffected.（4）Theymayhavetriedoverlyhardtocooperatewiththeresearcherbyofferinghertheresponsestheyperceivedshewasseekingorwhichtheyperceivedmightbehelpfultoher.Alternatively,becauseoffamiliaritywiththeresearcher,thesefewparticipantsmighthavebeenguardedandthereforelesscandidintheirresponses.Recognizingtheselimitations,theresearchertookthefollowingmeasures.（5）

Toreducethelimitationofpotentialbiasduringdataanalysis,theresearcherremovedallparticipantnamesandcodedallinterviewtranscriptsblindlysoasnottoassociateanymaterialordatawithanyparticularindividual.Furthermore，shemadeaconsciousattempttocreateanenvironmentthatwasconducivetohonestandopendialogue.Experienceasaninterviewer,aswellaspriorresearchexperience,washelpfulinthisregard.

【答案】由于分析最終取決于研究者的思維和選擇，定性研究一般受到研究者主體性的限制。

本研究的主要局限性之一是，研究人員以學(xué)生身份和教師身份參與博士項(xiàng)目的主觀性和潛在偏見(jiàn)問(wèn)題。

與此相關(guān)的一個(gè)限制是，受訪者可能難以適應(yīng)研究人員扮演采訪者的角色，麥克斯韋將這種現(xiàn)象稱為參與者反應(yīng)。

他們可能過(guò)于努力地與研究人員合作，向她提供他們認(rèn)為她正在尋找的答案，或者他們認(rèn)為可能對(duì)她有幫助的答案。

為了減少數(shù)據(jù)分析過(guò)程中潛在偏見(jiàn)的限制，研究者刪除了所有參與者的姓名，盲目地對(duì)所有訪談?dòng)涗涍M(jìn)行編碼，不將任何材料或數(shù)據(jù)與任何特定的個(gè)體相關(guān)聯(lián)。

8.單選題

7.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shedidn’tdoanythinginparticular.

B.ShesendawoundedpersontotheER.

C.ShehadtoworkintheER.

D.Shewentskiing.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Didyoudoanythingovertheweekend?

M:Notmuch.Whatdidyoudo?

W:Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER.

Q:Whatdidthewomandoovertheweekend?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說(shuō)：Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER(我本打算去滑雪，但不得不在設(shè)備間工作)。

9.單選題

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(變壞)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大樓及附屬建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉體的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.

1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren

B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking

C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren

D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Disobedience.

B.Laziness.

C.Lackofintelligence.

D.Vanity.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.

B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.

C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.

D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied

B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance

C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively

D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.emotional

C.critical

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭介紹了吸煙兒童的特點(diǎn)，接著介紹了導(dǎo)致兒童吸煙的因素，最后指出防止兒童吸煙非常困難，需要各界做出許多努力，結(jié)合全文可知文章的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是放在防止兒童吸煙的困難上的。因此B選項(xiàng)“防止兒童吸煙的困難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“兒童吸煙的影響”，C選項(xiàng)“兒童開(kāi)始吸煙的原因”，D選項(xiàng)“禁止兒童吸煙的措施”均不是文章的重點(diǎn)，需要A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious（與不吸煙的人相比，他們更叛逆），說(shuō)明吸煙的兒童更叛逆，更不聽(tīng)話。因此A選項(xiàng)“不聽(tīng)話”正確。B選項(xiàng)“懶惰”，C選項(xiàng)“缺少智慧”，D選項(xiàng)“虛榮”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“有些孩子開(kāi)始吸煙是出于好奇心”，B選項(xiàng)“許多孩子開(kāi)始吸煙是因?yàn)樗麄兿腼@得成熟”，由原文Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood（這些因素包括是否有香煙、好奇心、叛逆、顯得強(qiáng)硬、對(duì)成年的期待）可知，好奇心和想顯得成熟屬于兒童吸煙的原因，A,B選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除A,B。C選項(xiàng)“為了讓更少的兒童吸煙，父母、教師和衛(wèi)生保健人員不應(yīng)該吸煙”，由原文Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.（權(quán)威人士，特別是父母、衛(wèi)生保健工作者和教師樹(shù)立的榜樣至關(guān)重要。）可知，C選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“防止兒童開(kāi)始吸煙并不像勸阻成人吸煙那樣困難”，由原文Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.（防止兒童開(kāi)始吸煙應(yīng)該比說(shuō)服成年人戒掉吸煙的習(xí)慣要容易得多，但事實(shí)證明這是非常困難的。）可知，防止兒童開(kāi)始吸煙比勸阻成年人吸煙更困難，D選項(xiàng)不符合原文，所以本題選D。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三、四句Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.（校規(guī)應(yīng)該禁止兒童在校內(nèi)吸煙。這條規(guī)定已被引入夏山學(xué)校，在那里我推行了我的規(guī)定，甚至在那些試圖通過(guò)體罰來(lái)強(qiáng)制禁止吸煙的學(xué)校，吸煙的人數(shù)也和其他學(xué)校一樣多。），說(shuō)明禁止吸煙的校規(guī)可能作用不大，但作者還是堅(jiān)持引入這條規(guī)定。因此C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該引入，盡管它可能不會(huì)有效地發(fā)揮作用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該實(shí)行，因?yàn)檫@在他曾經(jīng)就讀的學(xué)校里確實(shí)有效”，B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該實(shí)行，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)引起騷亂”，D選項(xiàng)“只要教師不在孩子面前吸煙，就不需要引入”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文可知，文章客觀分析了吸煙兒童的特點(diǎn)、原因，和為了防止兒童吸煙可以采取的措施，整篇文章的態(tài)度是客觀的，不帶有主觀褒貶或個(gè)人感情色彩。因此A選項(xiàng)“客觀的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“感性的”，C選項(xiàng)“批判的”，D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

10.問(wèn)答題

Thesmallnumberofpotentialbuyersdoesnotprovideasufficientlylargemarketforthiskindofapparatus.(enough)

【答案】Thesmallnumberofpotentialbuyersdoesnotprovideenoughmarketforthiskindofapparatus.

11.單選題

IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI（）missedtheplane.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.only

B.quite

C.narrowly

D.seldom

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)only表示“僅僅，只有”，B選項(xiàng)quite表示“相當(dāng)；非常；很”，C選項(xiàng)narrowly表示“狹窄地；勉強(qiáng)地，以毫厘之差，仔細(xì)地”，D選項(xiàng)seldom表示“很少，不常”。由句意可知，我到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)非常晚，差點(diǎn)兒誤機(jī)。因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合原句語(yǔ)境，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Duringadolescence,thedevelopmentof,politicalideologybecomesapparentintheindividualideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Theseareaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’rapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.Byknowledge,Imeanmorethanthedreary"facts",suchasthecompositionofcountygovernmentthatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundof,understanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutanignoranceof"facts",butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandisnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpolitical-socialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children'smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdatA.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet-republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

86.Theauthorsprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm"commongroundofunderstanding"(ParA.2)toreferto（）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutschools?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology.