考研考博-英語-周口師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-周口師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit（）.

問題1選項

A.decreases

B.contracts

C.constringes

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項decrease“減少”，B項contract“收縮”，C項constringe“使收斂”，D項名詞shrink“縮水”；句意：我不敢洗那件襯衫，怕它會縮水。因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

Bythetimethatdisputewasresolved,relationsbetweenserviceandmanagementhadbeenpoisoned.

問題1選項

A.disdained

B.retained

C.tainted

D.stained

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在爭端得到解決時，服務(wù)和管理之間的關(guān)系已經(jīng)被破壞。poisoned意為破壞，摧毀。disdained鄙棄；retained保留，保存；tainted污染的，感染的；stained玷污的，著色的。選項C最符合原句語境，所以正確。

3.單選題

Thearchitectmustrespondtotheculturalconcernsofsociety______andpayattentiontothefunctionalandaestheticaspectofthebuildings.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atheart

C.atmost

D.atbest

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項atlarge“詳盡的，未被捕的，整體的，普遍的”，B項atheart“本質(zhì)上，內(nèi)心里”，C項atmost“至多”，D項atbest“最多”。根據(jù)Thearchitectmustrespondtotheculturalconcernsofsociety______“建筑師必須回應(yīng)社會……關(guān)注的文化問題”可知，“普遍的”符合語境。句意：建筑師必須回應(yīng)社會普遍關(guān)注的文化問題，并關(guān)注建筑的功能和美學(xué)方面。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

4.單選題

Noonethoughtthegiganticship______sink,forshehadsixteenwatertightcompartments.

問題1選項

A.wouldbepossibleto

B.wouldbeableto

C.couldpossibly

D.should

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。could可以表示驚異、不相信等語氣，would表示過去經(jīng)常性的行為或者動作，should表假設(shè)、責(zé)任和義務(wù)；前面這個句子表達的意思是“沒人能想到這艘巨輪會沉沒”，這里是一個驚異的語氣，所以用情態(tài)動詞could最符合語境。句意：誰也沒有想到這艘巨輪會沉沒，因為它有16個密封艙。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

5.翻譯題

1.NaggingconcernsabouttheglobaleconomicdownturnandrisingunemploymentareforcingmanyyoungBritonstothinktwiceabouttyingtheknotthisyear,athink-tanksaidonSaturday.

Almost80percentofyoungBritishcoupleslivingtogetherwanttogetmarried,thethinktankCivitassaid,butwouldreconsidertheirweddingplansduetoincreasingjoblossesascompaniescutcostsandlayoffworkers.

2.“Astherecessionbitesit’sgoingtobeharderforpartnerstomakethatcommitment—withoutfinancialstabilityandjobstheywon’thavetheconfidencetosay‘Ido’,”thedirectoroffamilyandeducationatCivitas,said.

Thestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostThestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostimportantreasontogetmarried,andonlytwopercentconsideredmarriagefortaxadvantages.

“Ifmyboyfriendaskedmenow,thenIwouldstillsay‘yes’,butIwouldn’twastemymoneyforahigh-profilewedding,”JennyBrown,anemployeeworksinLondon’scentralfinancialdistrict.

ButDeWaalsaidtherecessionwouldhaveaseriousimpactonplanningalifetogether.

“Thisisnotaboutbeingabletoaffordafancyweddingdressfor10,000poundsornot.”

3.ABritishSocialAttitudessurveyinJanuaryfoundthatyoungpeopleshowedalesstraditionalattitudetowardsmarriageandwouldputtheircareersfirst.

About40percentofpeopleagedbetween18to34saidmarriagewasstillthe“bestkindofrelationship,”comparedwith84percentofpeopleaged65andover,itsaid.

【答案】1.英國一家智庫機構(gòu)上周六稱，對全球經(jīng)濟衰退的擔(dān)憂和不斷上升的失業(yè)率讓英國很多年輕人不得不重新考慮結(jié)婚計劃。

2.Civitas家庭和教育事務(wù)主管阿納斯塔西婭?德瓦爾說：“受經(jīng)濟衰退的影響，下決心結(jié)婚也將變得更加困難，沒有穩(wěn)定的收入和工作，人們沒有信心說‘我愿意’”。

3.今年1月開展的一項“英國社會態(tài)度”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人對婚姻的態(tài)度已經(jīng)不那么傳統(tǒng)了，他們傾向于將職業(yè)發(fā)展放在首位。

6.單選題

WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealingthreemonthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperimentalthoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup-thenationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission-hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanear-finaldraftoftherecommendations.

NBACwillaskthatClinton's90-daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitely,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells--routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.

Inadraftprefacetotherecommendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe"morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning."ShapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechilD.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.

NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation.Butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill"upintheair."

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Themeaningoftheword"consensus"inParagraph3isclosestto（）.

3.Thepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項

A.theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsofcloning

B.federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclonehumans

C.NBACwasempoweredtocontrolthemisuseofcloningtechnique

D.theWhiteHousehasgotthepanel'srecommendationsoncloning

問題2選項

A.requirement

B.content

C.agreement

D.distinction

問題3選項

A.thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadealaw

B.theprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsshouldbeforbiddentoclonehumans

C.itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanbeing

D.itwouldbeagainstthelawtouseprivatefundingforhumancloning

問題4選項

A.TherecommendationshouldbeexpressednarrowlytoavoidthecloningofhumanDNA

B.TherecommendationshouldbeconfinedtothecloningofhumanDNA

C.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldnotbeputundermorecontrol.

D.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldberestrictednarrowly.

問題5選項

A.theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettled

B.someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletely

C.privatelyfoundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC'sappeal

D.alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedimmediately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，反對克隆的是克林頓總統(tǒng)，而白宮對此的態(tài)度作者沒有提及，所以選項A錯誤；克林頓總統(tǒng)下令聯(lián)邦基金不能用于克隆實驗，所以選項B也錯誤；NBAC只是被授權(quán)寫出有關(guān)克隆人的國家政策的建議，而不是被授權(quán)控制克隆技術(shù)的濫用，選項C表述有誤；根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，該草案的最終建議已經(jīng)達成了一致，所以選項D正確。

2.根據(jù)原文的“abroadconsensus”以及句意可知，原文指達成廣泛的共識。所以選項C更符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thepanelhasnot...tobeusedforhumancloning.”然而，有一個關(guān)鍵問題專家組尚未達成一致意見，即將私人資金用于克隆人屬于犯罪這一條例是否應(yīng)該立法。所以選項D是錯誤的。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ButNBACmembers...routineinmolecularbiology.”但是，NBAC的成員會注意控制其內(nèi)容的措辭,以免出現(xiàn)新的條令禁止克隆人類DNA和細胞的試驗——這類試驗在分子生物學(xué)中是常見的。也就是說，克隆人類DNA不應(yīng)該受到更多的控制。選項C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.”但是，他們在是否進一步要求聯(lián)邦法律全面禁止克隆人的問題上存在分歧。選項B符合原文。

7.單選題

（）thestressofexaminationsareover,wecanallrelax.

問題1選項

A.While

B.Eventhough

C.Nowthat

D.For

【答案】C

【解析】句意:既然考試的壓力結(jié)朿了，因此我們都能放松下了。

考查短語辨析。while雖然，然而，當(dāng)……的時候;eventhough雖然，即使；nowthat既然，由于;for為了，對于，適合于;因為（這個詞在表示原因時一般不放在句首）。分析句意可知前后句子為因果關(guān)系。故C符合句意。

8.單選題

“Museum”isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion.amuses'shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples—notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)-hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters.WhilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant"Muses'shrine".

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold—enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,midlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation;andsocouldbeconsideredMuses’shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly“inspirational”collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary??modem”workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceivedthefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtooloff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-1nselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKtmsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（

）.

2.Theideathatmuseumcouldmeanamountainoranobjectoriginatesfrom

（

）.

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat

（

）.

4.Paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere

（

）.

5.Modernmuseumscomeintoexistenceinorderto

（

）.

6.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

問題3選項

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

問題4選項

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

問題5選項

A.protectroyalandchurchtreasures

B.improveexistingcollections

C.stimulatepublicinterest

D.raisemorefunds

問題6選項

A.Collectionandcollectors

B.Theevolutionofmuseums

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。slippery意為狡猾的，不穩(wěn)定的。再根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可以推測，這里是指它的意思多年來已經(jīng)改變了。所以選項B正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希臘語中)獻給繆斯女神的任何東西：一座小山、一座神殿、一座花園、一個節(jié)日，甚至是一本教科書?！庇纱丝芍x項D正確。

3.語義題。根據(jù)原文句意：隨著它們的增加和擴大，作為補充，造假者的技藝變得越來越精湛。選項C符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“theywerenot‘collected’either,but‘site-specific’,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它們不是被“收藏”，而是“特定場地的”，被認(rèn)為是建筑不可或缺的一部分。選項B符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段中“thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries...”對皇室和教堂遺跡的憤怒促使古物學(xué)家把它們（文物）藏在避難所的陳列室里。由此可知，是為了保護皇家和教堂的財富，選項A符合原文。

6.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是“museum”一詞的變化過程，所以選項B最能概括全文。

9.單選題

He（

）hisassistanttopickuptheplansfromtheoffice.

問題1選項

A.dispose

B.dispensed

C.dispatched

D.dispersed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞此詞義辨析。dispose“處理；安排”；dispense“分發(fā)；分發(fā)；免除；執(zhí)行”;dispatch“派遣；發(fā)送；分派”；disperse“分散；使散開；傳播”。句意：他派助手去辦公室取方案。選項C符合題意。

10.翻譯題

Incontrasttothescienceofclassicalantiquity,modernscienceisbasicallyunfinishedwhereasancientsciencehadtheappearanceofsomethingcompletedtowhichthenotionofprogresswasnotessential.Modernscienceprogressesintotheinfinite.Modernsciencehasrealizedthatafinishedandtotalworld-viewisscientificallyimpossible.Onlywhenscientificcriticismiscrippledbymakingparticularsabsolutecanaclosedviewoftheworldpretendtoscientificvalidity—andthenitisafalsevalidity.Thosegreatnewunifiedsystemsofknowledge—suchasmodernphysics—havegrownupinthescientifictimesonlywithsingleaspectsofreality.Andreality,asawhole,hasbeenfragmentedasneverbefore;whencetheopennessofthemodernworldiscontrasttotheclosedGreekcosmos.

【答案】和古典時代的科學(xué)相比，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)基本上是未完成狀態(tài)，然而古老科學(xué)有完成某樣?xùn)|西的表象，而且進步的概念對此非常重要。現(xiàn)代科學(xué)進入無限境地?，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)已經(jīng)知道，完美無缺的世界觀在科學(xué)上是不可能的。只有當(dāng)科學(xué)批評因為細節(jié)變成絕對而被削弱的時候，僵化自守的世界觀才會妄稱科學(xué)有效性一一然后，這個有效性也是虛假的。那些科學(xué)時代中偉大且新統(tǒng)一的知識體系一一比如現(xiàn)代物理——只在現(xiàn)實生活的某方面已經(jīng)逐漸發(fā)展。整體來看，現(xiàn)實已經(jīng)前所未有的支離破碎。于此，現(xiàn)代世界的開放性與封閉自守的希臘世界形成鮮明對比。

11.單選題

Chicago'ssegregationofminoritiesisasoldasthecityitself.TheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsoftoday'sSouthandWestsidesarelocatedinexactlythesamepartsofthecityastheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsof1910.Andfrom1930totoday,theseAfricanAmericaneighborhoodshavebeenrepresentedinCongressandinthestatehousebyAfrican-Americanpoliticians,whohavedoneverylittle(otherthanpassFederalbenefitprograms)toliftAfrican-Americansoutofpoverty.Inthe2000Census,forexample,ofthetenpoorestcensustractsintheentireUnitedStates,ninewerelocatedintheSouthandWestSideAfrican-AmericanareasruledbyAfrican-AmericancongressmenBobbyRushandJesseJacksonJr.TheconceptofWesternImperialColonialismisverypopularintheliteratureofracialexploitation.ThecontinentofAfricawasdividedupinto“colonies”bythemajorEuropeanImperialpowersinaveryshortperiodoftime:justsevenyears,from1885to1892.Previously,Britainhadseizedvastterritoriesbelongingtootherculturesforhundredsofyears.Butin20thcenturyAmericaanewtypeofcolonywasinvented:AmericanurbancoloniesinthelargemetropolitanareasfromtheMidwestandNortheasttoLosAngeles.TheseweremadepossiblebytheGreatMigrationofAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth,whichbeganduringWWI.Astheymovednorth,African-Americanswereimmediatelyconfinedtoghettoesdefinedbyracialboundaries.Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit'simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.AssoonastheAfrican-AmericanpopulationofChicagobegantoexpand,theGreatDepressionhitandputmanypersonsoutofwork.FDR'sresponsetothiswastocreatetheNewDealprogramsofwelfare,foodassistance,andsubsidizedhousing.Whilethisgreatlyhelpedunemployedpersonsofallraces,forAfrican-Americansitbegantheghettoizationoftheirpeopleintowhatcanonlybecalledurbancoloniesinthelargecitiesofthenorth.Thepatternseeninthe

20largestcitiesoftheUnitedStatesfrom1920to2010isremarkablyconsistent.In192019ofthetwentylargestcitieswerealllocatedintheNorth.Allofthesenineteencitieswerefrom92.5%to99%white.TheoneexceptionwasBaltimore,MDandthatwas85%white.Ithadaslightlylargerblackpopulationonlybecauseitwasaportofentryfortheslavetrade.Similarly,allofthesecitiessawgreatincreasesintheirblackpopulationsstartingin1920.By1990thesecitieswerefrom26to76%black.ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup,andthebigcitieswereportsofentryforEuropeanimmigrants.Soaswhitesleft,politicianswantedtomaintaintheirpopulationnumbers.

Bythe2010CensusthecitieswiththehighestblackpopulationswereDetroit,MI,whichwas83%black,andNewark,NJwhichwas52%.(Sources:CensuspaperNo.76andCensus2010Quickfacts).AndsinceinallthemajorindustrialcitiesoftheNorth,thedestinationsofjob-seekingAfrican-AmericanmigrantswerecontrolledbyDemocrats,itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty.Tragicallyallofthesecitieshaveveryhighratesofsegregation,pooreducationforAfrican-Americans;highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime.InChicago,“negrowards”astheywerethencalled,werequicklydrawnup:theirboundariesreflected(andpromoted)theracialsegregationofthetime.TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon'tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.

Furthermore,sinceLincolnfreedtheslaves,African-AmericansinChicagovotedforRepublicans,untilaDemocraticMayor,AntonCermak,tookover;firedallthethousandsofAfrican-AmericanswhoRepublicanshadgivencitygovernmentjobs,andtookovertheblackvote.SincethattimeChicago'sAfrican-Americanshavebeenrepresentedexclusivelybyblackpoliticians,andalwayslivedinpoverty.WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.WhatmakestheAmericanUrbanColonialismplansorevolutionaryandingeniousisthatitdoesnotrelyonagreementswithforeigngovernments;themarketpriceofironore,orcottonforprofits;butonFederalbenefitprograms.Theseprogramdollarsareinfinitelymorereliableandpoliticallystable.

1.Accordingtotheessay,Americancitieslostwhiteresidentsdueto（

）.

2.Theessaysconvincinglydemonstratesthat

（

）.

3.TheDemocraticMachineinChicagoprovidesincentivesintheformof

（

）.

4.ObamamovedtoChicagobecause

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanurbancolonialismistheresultof（

）.

問題1選項

A.whitevoter'sminorityruleintheRepublicanparty

B.theinfluxofEuropeanimmigrants

C.themigratorynatureofAmericans

D.ghettoizationbyAfrican-Americans

問題2選項

A.powerismoreimportantthanpeople

B.whiteAmericansareessentiallyracist

C.theCivilWarwasfoughtfornothing

D.slavetradedeterminedthefateofethnicminoritiesinAmericancities

問題3選項

A.segregationofminorities

B.highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime

C.federalbenefitprograms

D.negrowards

問題4選項

A.theblacksubmachinealreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine

B.Chicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics

C.theGreatMigrationofdirectedAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth

D.ChicagoisthemostsegregatedcityinAmerica

問題5選項

A.theghettoizationofAfrican-AmericanpeopleinAmericancities

B.thesegregationofminorities

C.thepoliticalclientelismoftheblacksubmachine

D.westernimperialcolonialisminAfrica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由文中“ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup...這些城市沒有因為非洲裔美國人的遷入而失去了美國白人。更準(zhǔn)確地不如說美國人是一個高度迀移的群體······”可知C選項“美國人遷移的本性”正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由文中“ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.開發(fā)被城市民主黨人作為一種操縱居民且讓自己掌權(quán)的方式來宣傳?！笨芍狝項“權(quán)力比人民更重要”正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由文中“·...itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty...非常明顯的是這些巨大的城市貧困區(qū)是由那一個政黨造成并保持的?！焙汀癢hatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.讓芝加哥黑人子機構(gòu)成為可能的是芝加哥已有一個民主黨機構(gòu)。開發(fā)被城市民主黨人作為一種操縱居民且讓自己掌權(quán)的方式來宣傳?！钡膶?yīng)可推知A項“對少數(shù)民族進行種族隔離”正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由文中“TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon’tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.他們（即芝加哥黑人）的政治代表是非洲裔美國人，他們被期待去將自己的選票投給民主黨。大多數(shù)美國人不知曉芝加哥是黑人政治中心。”可知B選項“芝加哥是黑人政治的中心”正確。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。題目詢問“美國城市殖民主義是······的結(jié)果”。由文中“Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit’simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.沒有人懷疑這種種族隔離（即‘Americanurbancolonies美國城市殖民地’現(xiàn)象）被有意地進行，但是認(rèn)識到它不是由芝加哥（其從未有過奴隸）居民的種族主義態(tài)度而是由執(zhí)政的政治精英造成的卻很重要。”可知B項“對少數(shù)民族的種族隔離”正確。

12.翻譯題

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theymaystarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'trememberwhereweputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrainfades,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments”.Whileseeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhaveadamagingimpactonourprofessional,socialandpersonallife.

Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.Itturnsoutthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmentalworkoutscansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitivefunctions.Thinkingisessentiallyaprocessofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Tosomeextent,ourabilitytoexcelinmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.

【答案】隨著許多人步入中年，他們可能會開始注意到，他們的記憶力和思維清晰度已經(jīng)不如從前了。我們突然記不起剛才把鑰匙放在哪里了，或者記不起一個老相識的名字，或者記不起一個我們曾經(jīng)喜歡過的老樂隊的名字。當(dāng)大腦衰退時，我們將這些現(xiàn)象稱為“老年時刻”，雖然看起來很無辜，但這種精神注意力的喪失可能會對我們的職業(yè)、社交和個人生活造成潛在的破壞性影響。

神經(jīng)科學(xué)家，研究神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的專家，越來越多地表明實際上有很多事情可以做。事實證明，大腦和我們的肌肉一樣需要鍛煉，正確的腦力鍛煉可以顯著提高我們的基本認(rèn)知功能。思考本質(zhì)上是在大腦中建立聯(lián)系的過程。在某種程度上，我們在建立驅(qū)動智力的聯(lián)系方面的卓越能力是遺傳的。

13.單選題

TheTitanicturnedjustintimeandnarrowlymissedtobestruckbytheimmensewallofice

A

B

whichroseover100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.

C