考研考博-英語-哈爾濱北方航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱北方航空職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnards(腸胃)arediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.

InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecometheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:itwon’tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithascertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespected.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecomingmysteriousanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.

Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumorististhattheyarereallyverysadpeopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingswittilycalledthem,“tireboots”).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably,inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.

Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsorts,withhisupmomentsandhisdownmoments,andyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristtotastethesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcrying,andifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepointwherehisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealm,itisbecausehumor,likepoetry,hasanextracontent.ItplaysclosetothebighotfirewhichisTruth,andsometimesthereaderfeelstheheat.

11.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorwantstosaythat______.

12.Theauthorusestheexampleofthesoapbubbleblowertoshowthat______.

13.Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat______.

14.Ahumorouspieceofwritingcanmakethereader’semotionalresponsesuntrustworthybecause______.

15.Thepassage’ssuccessliesinitsextensiveuseof______.

問題1選項

A.justasscientistscandissectafrog,soanalystscandissecthumor

B.detailed,scientificanalysisisnotappropriateforhumor,foritmaymakehumorloseitsaestheticvalue

C.somepeople’sanalysisofhumoraretooscientific

D.analysts’attemptsathumorarenotinstructiveenoughtointeresttheauthor

問題2選項

A.skillisrequiredtoproducehumor

B.neithertoomuchexaggerationnorabsoluteexplicitnessisfitforhumor

C.peopleshouldperfecttheartofhumorjustasthebubbleblowerdoestothebubbles

D.humorshouldmakepeoplefranticforawhile

問題3選項

A.theygiveventtotheirsorrowsinalaughableway

B.theyhavemuchtroubleintheirlifeandtheyaremelancholy

C.theyaremoresensibleofthesadnessoflifeandtheyendureandexpressthepaincheerfully

D.theyaremostlyclownswithabreakingheart

問題4選項

A.itexpressesthetruthofthesadnessofhumanlifewithasparklingsurface

B.everyonehashishappymomentsandunhappymoments

C.thereisanobviouslinebetweenlaughingandcrying

D.itislikepoetry,veryrhythmic

問題5選項

A.parallelism

B.metaphors

C.metonymy

D.similes

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.【選項釋義】

11.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorwantstosaythat______.11.在第一段，作者想說______。

A.justasscientistscandissectafrog,soanalystscandissecthumorA.就像科學(xué)家可以解剖青蛙一樣，分析家也可以解剖幽默

B.detailed,scientificanalysisisnotappropriateforhumor,foritmaymakehumorloseitsaestheticvalueB.詳細(xì)的，科學(xué)的分析不適合幽默，因為它可能會使幽默失去它的審美價值

C.somepeople’sanalysisofhumoraretooscientificC.有些人對幽默的分析太科學(xué)了

D.analysts’attemptsathumorarenotinstructiveenoughtointeresttheauthorD.分析者對幽默的嘗試并不足以引起作者的興趣

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第一段，在第二句提到“幽默是可以被解剖的，就像青蛙一樣，但是在解剖的過程中，幽默就蕩然無存”，我們可以得知，幽默可以像青蛙一樣被科學(xué)地解剖，但是這樣會使得幽默失去其價值，B項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“就像科學(xué)家可以解剖青蛙一樣，分析家也可以解剖幽默”雖然在文中提到了，但并不是作者真正表達(dá)的意思，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項“有些人對幽默的分析太科學(xué)了”和D選項“分析者對幽默的嘗試并不足以引起作者的興趣”并沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。

12.【選項釋義】

12.Theauthorusestheexampleofthesoapbubbleblowertoshowthat______.12.作者以吹肥皂泡機為例，說明______。

A.skillisrequiredtoproducehumorA.產(chǎn)生幽默需要技巧

B.neithertoomuchexaggerationnorabsoluteexplicitnessisfitforhumorB.過分夸張或絕對直白都不適合幽默

C.peopleshouldperfecttheartofhumorjustasthebubbleblowerdoestothebubblesC.人們應(yīng)該像吹肥皂泡的人對肥皂泡一樣完善幽默的藝術(shù)

D.humorshouldmakepeoplefranticforawhileD.幽默應(yīng)該使人瘋狂一段時間

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段，倒數(shù)第四句提到“幽默有點像這樣（likethat）：它經(jīng)不起過分夸張，也經(jīng)不起過多的直截了當(dāng)”，由likethat可以推斷，這里是與上文的吹肥皂泡機的描述進行類比，所以作者以吹肥皂泡機為例，是為了說明幽默既不適合過分夸張也不適合直截了當(dāng)，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“產(chǎn)生幽默需要技巧”沒有提到，無中生有；

C選項“人們應(yīng)該像吹肥皂泡的人對肥皂泡一樣完善幽默的藝術(shù)”不符合原文分析，曲解原文；

D選項“幽默應(yīng)該使人瘋狂一段時間”沒提到，無中生有。

13.【選項釋義】

13.Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat______.13.根據(jù)作者的說法，幽默家與普通人的不同之處在于______。

A.theygiveventtotheirsorrowsinalaughablewayA.他們以可笑的方式發(fā)泄他們的悲傷

B.theyhavemuchtroubleintheirlifeandtheyaremelancholyB.他們生活中有很多煩惱，他們很憂郁

C.theyaremoresensibleofthesadnessoflifeandtheyendureandexpressthepaincheerfullyC.他們更能感受生活的悲傷，他們能愉快地忍受和表達(dá)痛苦

D.theyaremostlyclownswithabreakingheartD.他們大多是傷心欲絕的小丑

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第二句“我認(rèn)為，更準(zhǔn)確的說法是，每個人的生活中都流淌著一股深深的憂郁之脈，而幽默家或許比其他人更能體會到這一點，他們會積極而肯定地彌補這一點”，以及第五句“他們懷著良好的愿望與痛苦斗爭，愉快地忍受痛苦，因為他們知道這將在不久的將來給他們帶來幸福”，綜合理解可知，幽默家和普通人的內(nèi)心同樣都有憂郁，但是幽默家更明智，他們會積極的去彌補它，愉快地面對痛苦，用幽默的語言將痛苦表達(dá)出來。C項符合這一分析，C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“他們以可笑的方式發(fā)泄他們的悲傷”表達(dá)不全面，以偏概全；

B選項“他們生活中有很多煩惱，他們很憂郁”曲解原文，作者認(rèn)為每個人的人生中都有憂郁和悲傷；

D選項“他們大多是傷心欲絕的小丑”反向干擾，作者在第三段前兩句提到“說幽默家是小丑是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?/p>

14.【選項釋義】

14.Ahumorouspieceofwritingcanmakethereader’semotionalresponsesuntrustworthybecause______.14.一篇幽默的文章會讓讀者的情感反應(yīng)不可信，因為______。

A.itexpressesthetruthofthesadnessofhumanlifewithasparklingsurfaceA.它以一種閃閃發(fā)光的表面表達(dá)了人生悲哀的真諦

B.everyonehashishappymomentsandunhappymomentsB.每個人都有快樂和不快樂的時候

C.thereisanobviouslinebetweenlaughingandcryingC.笑和哭之間有明顯的區(qū)別

D.itislikepoetry,veryrhythmicD.它就像詩歌，非常有節(jié)奏

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先根據(jù)題干中的信息Ahumorouspieceofwriting定位至最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“如果一篇幽默的文章讓一個人的情緒反應(yīng)不值得信任，似乎有可能突破到相反的領(lǐng)域，那是因為幽默，像詩歌一樣，有額外的內(nèi)容”，以及最后一句“它靠近熊熊烈火，也就是真理，有時讀者也能感受到它的熱度”，從中可知，一篇幽默的文章會讓讀者的情感反應(yīng)不可信，是因為它有隱含的內(nèi)容，即它表達(dá)了悲哀的真理；而在上一段最后一句指出“在這些困境的閃閃發(fā)光的表面下（thesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmas），涌動著人類苦難的洪流”，綜合理解，幽默的文章使讀者情感不可信是因為在閃閃發(fā)光的表面下暗藏著悲哀的真相，A項符合這一分析。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“每個人都有快樂和不快樂的時候”和題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴；

C選項“笑和哭之間有明顯的區(qū)別”與原文表述不符，原文提到的是aratherfineline（相當(dāng)微妙的界限），該項屬于反向干擾；

D選項“它就像詩歌，非常有節(jié)奏”的前半部分有提到，但后半部分屬于無中生有。

15.【選項釋義】

15.Thepassage’ssuccessliesinitsextensiveuseof______.15.這篇文章的成功在于它對______的廣泛使用。

A.parallelismA.排比

B.metaphorsB.隱喻

C.metonymyC.轉(zhuǎn)喻

D.similesD.明喻

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文，由第二段肥皂泡機和幽默的比喻，以及最后一段詩歌和幽默的比喻，可知作者在文中多次使用明喻的修辭手法，使文章生動、形象和具體，給讀者留下鮮明深刻的印象，所以D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“排比”、B選項“隱喻”和C選項“轉(zhuǎn)喻”屬于曲解原文。

2.翻譯題

FROMCHINESETOENGLISH

我說過我們要發(fā)展記憶，那是因為我們生活中有此需要。沒有文化的動物中，能以本能來應(yīng)付生活，就不必有記憶。我這樣說，其實也包含了另一項意思，就是人在記憶上發(fā)展的程度是依他們生活需要而決定的。我們每個人，每一刻，所接觸的外界眾多復(fù)雜，但是并不進入我們的感覺，我們有所選擇。和我們眼睛所接觸的外界我們并不都看見，我們只看見我們所注意的，我們的視線有焦點，焦點依著我們的注意而移動。注意的對象由我們選擇，選擇的根據(jù)是我們生活的需要。

【答案】Isaidwedevelopmemoriesbecauseweneedtheminourlives.Withoutculture,animalscopewithlifebyinstinct.Thusmemoryisnecessaryforthem.Bysayingthis,Ialsomeanthatpeopledevelopmemoryaccordingtotheneedsoftheirlives.Everyoneofus,isconnectedtothisvastandcomplexworldineverymoment,butdon’treceiveallintooursenses,whichmeanswechoose.Wedonotseeeverythingthatoureyestouch.Weseeonlywhatwenotice,becausethereisafocusinoursightwhichmovesonthebasisofourattention.Andtheobjectofattentionischosenbyus,accordingtotheneedsofourlife.

3.單選題

Mysupplyofconfidenceslowly（）asthedeadlineapproached.

問題1選項

A.abolished

B.eliminated

C.diminished

D.exterminated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。abolish“廢除”；eliminate“消除，排除”；diminish“減少，縮小”;exterminate“消除；根除”。主語是confidence“信心”，與之搭配的動詞是diminish，因此選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora"teach-in"honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfhearted-andanothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon'thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennial,in1909,thatyear,Lincoln'slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury.Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lectures,andmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfiilnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenLong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI'mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto"reassess"thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict-nosurprise-wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-fellyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed-byhisadmirers,remember-as“nonjudgmental.”“Unmoralistic.”“Comfortablewithambiguity”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall’

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic-approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,

Compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

HishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We'vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincolntheemancipatorandtheracistthestoicphilosopher,theChristian.Theatheist-LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What'softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializesfromacenturyago—andthroughthem.Lincolnhimself-haveleftusahintofwheretofindhim.

TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe'veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

1.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebrationisinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentfromthisyear's?

3.Intheauthor'sopinionthecounter-conference（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled.

B.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued.

C.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen.

D.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909.

問題2選項

A.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

問題3選項

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars.

B.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective.

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions.

D.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln.

問題4選項

A.conformstotraditionalimages.

B.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship.

C.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln.

D.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes.

問題5選項

A.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

B.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段,接下來一段將今年的慶?；顒优c1909年100年紀(jì)念的時候相比較”。也就是200周年的紀(jì)念一點都比不上1909年的。A和B項都含在了D項中，C項不客觀。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。今年和1909年紀(jì)念活動的區(qū)別深層次的原因，出現(xiàn)在第四、第五段中：第4段第一句：thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday;第5段第一句：ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore.可以看出現(xiàn)今的人所缺少的inspirations和somethingmore即A選項中提到的“對偉人和他們的影響的尊敬”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第8段:令作者更加失望的是隨后針對該批判會展開的學(xué)者會議。這一會議把林肯描述成了“不急于下判斷、不道德、模棱兩可”。

4.推斷題。倒數(shù)第二段中指出:writershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage(各路作家們呈現(xiàn)出了以他們的想法創(chuàng)造出來的林肯),因此D項(林肯在人們心目中各不相同)正確。

5.推斷題。在倒數(shù)第二段中列出了林肯在世人的各種形象后，作者說缺少一個timelessLincoln（永恒的林肯）,因此推測A項Lincoln'sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime(林肯的偉大不隨著時間的消逝而消失)比較符合作者暗含的意思。

5.單選題

Theofwomantomanatouruniversityisaboutfivetofour.

問題1選項

A.rate

B.proportion

C.portion

D.percentage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項raten.比率，率，等級；B選項proportionn.比例，占比，面積；C選項portionn.部分，份數(shù)；D選項percentagen.百分比，百分?jǐn)?shù)。根據(jù)搭配，proportion...to...表示“（兩者）比例”，因此，B項為正確答案。

6.翻譯題

Physicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreeingthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaforceofnature—neverbeforesuspected—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,andbecomeainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.

【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理學(xué)家普遍認(rèn)為所有有關(guān)物理的偉大研究都已經(jīng)完成了，他們中的有些人甚至公開宣稱將來不可能再出現(xiàn)真正有意義的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)了。但是，那時他們還不知道，在德國一間小小的實驗室里，一位名叫倫琴的教師已經(jīng)開始了對粗糙的電磁感應(yīng)線圈、一個被抽走空氣的梨形鱗莖狀物和一張涂抹了某種金屬鹽的紙張進行一系列的實驗。倫琴教授不知道他的工作注定會揭示自然的某種力量，而這種力量是人們從未料想到的。它幾乎在一夜間引起了醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的革命，成為一種深入探測物質(zhì)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的工具。

7.單選題

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”一physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint，butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,BritainandAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Musicisdeep-rootedintheculturalbackgroundthatfostersit.Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritage.Musiciansallovertheworldarebusywithrecordingclassicmusicintheircountryforthesakeoftheiruniqueculture.Asalways,people’saspirationwillalwaysfocusontheirindividualityratherthanuniversalfeaturesthataresharedbyallculturesalike.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“information-revolution”,atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutioninthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause（

）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause（

）

4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintothe

worldofmusic（

）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenation

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresent

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization

問題2選項

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic

B.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusic

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusic

問題3選項

A.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreadit

B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians

C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusic

D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs

問題4選項

A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolution

B.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputes

C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculture

D.hasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments

問題5選項

A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.

B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.

C.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.

D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife提到研究文化相關(guān)的工具和技術(shù)是為了了解一個國家的歷史和生活方式，所以選項C符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句wecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra提到了交響樂團的發(fā)展，交響樂是由近東傳播到歐洲的，選項D符合題意。

3.文章第二段Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole提及閱讀樂譜對音樂家產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響，并且對音樂文化也有很大的影響，選項A的描述與之相近，因此符合題意。

4.文章最后一段theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments提到了電子媒體的內(nèi)容，由此可知就像工業(yè)文明導(dǎo)致社會結(jié)構(gòu)變化一樣，這些電子媒體會導(dǎo)致一些新的音樂形式出現(xiàn)，選項C符合題意。

5.文章主要提到了音樂的物質(zhì)文明，比如樂器、樂譜等來講述音樂文明的發(fā)展歷程，提到音樂文明的發(fā)展離不開物質(zhì)文明的發(fā)展，選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

TheFirstWorldWarbeganinacontextofjargonandverbaldelicacyandcontinuedinacloudofeuphemismas（

）aslanguageandliterature,skillfullyused,couldmakeit.

問題1選項

A.enthralling

B.impenetrable

C.lucid

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。enthralling迷人的；impenetrable不能通過的；費解的；lucid明晰的；透明的；易懂的；deliberate故意的；深思熟慮的；從容的。句意：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)開始于行話和精致言語的環(huán)境中，然后像語言和文學(xué)在巧妙地使用的情況下可以做到的那樣繼續(xù)于費解的委婉語的陰云中。從continuedinacloudofeuphemism（委婉語的陰云中）可知B項“費解的”符合題意。

9.單選題

Thiswillallowourcitizenstobuildconnectionswithpeoplesoverseasandtodevelopskillsandcontactsthatwillhelpthem（）intheglobaleconomy.

問題1選項

A.survive

B.strive

C.thrive

D.stride

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項survive“生存”，B項strive“努力、奮斗”，C項thrive“繁榮”，D項stride“跨過”；句意：這將使我們的公民與海外人民建立聯(lián)系，發(fā)展技能和增加接觸，幫助他們在全球經(jīng)濟環(huán)境中生存。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Inthesummerof1978anEnglishfarmernamedIanStevenswasdrivinghistractorthroughafieldofwheatwhenhediscoveredsomethingstrange.Someofhiswheatwaslyingflatontheground.Theflattenedwheatformedacircleaboutsixmetersacross.Aroundthiscirclewerefoursmallercirclesofflattenedwheat.Inthefollowingyearsmoreandmoresimilarcircleswerefoundinafieldofwheatorcorn.Sopeoplecannothelpbutaskthequestion:Whatcausesthecircles?

Atfirst,peoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrickpeopletriedtocopythem:theytriedtomakecirclesexactlyliketheonesthefarmershadfound.Theycouldn’tdoit.Theycouldn’tenterafieldofgrainwithoutleavingtracks,andtheycouldn’tflattenthegrainwithoutbreakingit.Thecirclesareapparentlynotatrick.Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarkleftbytheirspaceships.Severaltimespeoplereportedseeingstrange