考研考博-英語-四川國際標榜職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川國際標榜職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Speakersandlistenersareoftenatodds:languagethatiseasyforthereceivertounderstandisoftendifficulttoproduce,andthatwhichiseasilyformulatedcanbehardto（）.

問題1選項

A.comprehend

B.ignore

C.confirm

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。comprehend理解，包含；ignore忽視，不理睬confirm確認，確定；defend辯護。由前半句可知說話者與接受者之間存在矛盾，故后面可推知這兩者之間還存在另一種矛盾，即容易表達的話卻難以理解。故A項正確。句意：說話者和傾聽者常常意見不一致:容易讓接受者理解的語言往往很難產(chǎn)生，而容易表達的語言卻很難理解。

2.單選題

Haveyouafunny（）orunusualexperiencethatyouwouldliketoshare?

問題1選項

A.amusement

B.incident

C.accident

D.section

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你有想分享的有趣事情或不同尋常的經(jīng)歷嗎？

考查名詞辨析。amusement娛樂，快樂；incident事件；accident意外事故；section部分，地區(qū)。因此B符合句意。

3.單選題

Thesevariedracialgroupshavelearnedtolivetogetherinpeaceand（

），settinganexamplewellworthfollowing.

問題1選項

A.harmony

B.grace

C.rhythm

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。harmony和睦，融洽；grace優(yōu)雅；rhythm節(jié)奏，韻律；relief救濟，減輕；peaceandharmony和諧和平，是固定搭配。句意：這些不同的種族群體已學會和平共處地生活在一起，樹立了值得學習的榜樣。答案A

4.單選題

Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit（）aswellaswehadhoped.

問題1選項

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項comeoff“成功，實現(xiàn)”；B選項gooff“離開，變質(zhì)”；C選項bringout“出版，生產(chǎn)”；D選項makeout“辨認出，理解”。根據(jù)句意：在深谷里建發(fā)電站是個大膽的想法，但結(jié)果與我們原來所希望的一樣。也就說，這個想法得到實現(xiàn)，所以選項A符合語境。

5.單選題

Itwasawonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.

問題1選項

A.conceive

B.clutch

C.cherish

D.contrive

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。conceive“構(gòu)思，懷孕，考慮”；clutch“緊握，抓住”；cherish“珍惜”；contrive“設計，發(fā)明，圖謀”。

句意：在未來的很多年里我們都會珍惜這個美好的時刻。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

問題1選項

A.allatonce

B.byandby

C.tosomeextent

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。句意:評論家認為從總體上來說，這部電影在表演與攝影方面都表現(xiàn)得很出色。

allatonce突然，忽然。byandby不久以后。tosomeextent在一定程度上，在某種程度上。onthewhole總的來說，大體上。byandlarge大體上，總的來說。故選D。

7.單選題

ThegeologyoftheEarth’ssurfaceisdominatedbytheparticularpropertiesofwater.PresentonEarthinsolid,liquid,andgaseousstates,waterisexceptionallyreactive.Itdissolves,transports,andprecipitatesmanychemicalcompoundsandisconstantlymodifyingthefaceoftheEarth.

Evaporatedfromtheoceans,watervaporformsclouds,someofwhicharetransportedbywindoverthecontinents.Condensationfromthecloudsprovidestheessentialagentofcontinentalerosion:rain.Precipitatedontotheground,thewatertricklesdowntoformbrooks,streams,andrivers,constitutingwhatiscalledthehydrographicnetwork.Thisimmensepolarizednetworkchannelsthewatertowardasinglereceptacle:anocean.Gravitydominatesthisentirestepinthecyclebecausewatertendstominimizeitspotentialenergybyrunningfromhighaltitudestowardthereferencepointthatissealevel.

Therateatwhichamoleculeofwaterpassesthroughthecycleisnotrandombutisameasureoftherelativesizeofthevariousreservoirs.Ifwedefineresidencetimeastheaveragetimeforawatermoleculetopassthroughoneofthethreereservoirs—atmosphere,continent,andocean—weseethatthetimesareverydifferent.Awatermoleculestays,onaverage,elevendaysintheatmosphere,onehundredyearsonacontinentandfortythousandyearsintheocean.Thislastfigureshowstheimportanceoftheoceanastheprincipalreservoirofthehydrospherebutalsotherapidityofwatertransportonthecontinents.

Avastchemicalseparationprocesstakesplacesduringtheflowofwateroverthecontinents.Solubleionssuchascalcium,sodium,potassium,andsomemagnesiumaredissolvedandtransported.Insolubleionssuchasaluminum,iron,andsiliconstaywheretheyareandformthethin,fertileskinofsoilonwhichvegetationcangrow.Sometimessoilsaredestroyedandtransportedmechanicallyduringflooding.Theerosionofthecontinentsthusresultsfromtwocloselylinkedandinterdependentprocesses,chemicalerosionandmechanicalerosion.Theirrespectiveinteractionsandefficiencydependondifferentfactors.

1.Accordingtothepassage,cloudsareprimarilyformedbywater（）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatthepurposeofthehydrographicnetworkisto（）.

3.Whatdeterminestherateatwhichamoleculeofwatermovesthroughthecycle,asdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?

4.AllofthefollowingareexamplesofsolubleionsEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項

A.precipitatingontotheground

B.changingfromasolidtoaliquidstate

C.evaporatingfromtheoceans

D.beingcarriedbywind

問題2選項

A.determinethesizeofmoleculesofwater

B.preventsoilerosioncausedbyflooding

C.movewaterfromtheEarth’ssurfacetotheoceans

D.regulatetherateofwaterflowfromstreamsandrivers

問題3選項

A.Thepotentialenergycontainedinwater.

B.Theeffectsofatmosphericpressureonchemicalcompounds.

C.Theamountsofrainfallthatfallonthecontinents.

D.Therelativesizeofthewaterstorageareas.

問題4選項

A.magnesium

B.iron

C.potassium

D.calcium.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,cloudsareprimarilyformedbywater______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，云主要由水______而形成。

A.precipitatingontothegroundA.沉淀到地面上

B.changingfromasolidtoaliquidstateB.從固態(tài)變?yōu)橐簯B(tài)

C.evaporatingfromtheoceansC.從海洋中蒸發(fā)

D.beingcarriedbywindD.被風攜帶

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】從第二段第一句“水蒸氣從海洋蒸發(fā)后形成云（Evaporatedfromtheoceans），其中一些被風吹過大陸”理解可知，云主要是由水蒸氣從海洋蒸發(fā)而形成的，C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“沉淀到地面上”和B項“從固態(tài)變?yōu)橐簯B(tài)”形成的是小溪和河流等，屬于張冠李戴；

D項“被風攜帶”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，被風攜帶的是云，并不是水，屬于曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatthepurposeofthehydrographicnetworkisto______.2.這篇文章表明，水文網(wǎng)絡的目的是______。

A.determinethesizeofmoleculesofwaterA.確定水分子的大小

B.preventsoilerosioncausedbyfloodingB.防止洪水造成的土壤侵蝕

C.movewaterfromtheEarth’ssurfacetotheoceansC.將水從地球表面輸送到海洋

D.regulatetherateofwaterflowfromstreamsandriversD.調(diào)節(jié)小溪和河流的水流速率

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hydrographicnetwork定位至第二段第三和第四句“水沉淀到地面上，涓滴而下形成小溪和河流，構(gòu)成了所謂的水文網(wǎng)絡。這個巨大的極化網(wǎng)絡把水引向一個容器：海洋?！?，綜合理解可知，水文網(wǎng)絡的目的是將水輸送到海洋里面去，C項符合原文，因此正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“確定水分子的大小”、B項“防止洪水造成的土壤侵蝕”和D項“調(diào)節(jié)小溪和河流的水流速率”在原文沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Whatdeterminestherateatwhichamoleculeofwatermovesthroughthecycle,asdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?3.如第三段所討論的，是什么決定了水分子在循環(huán)中移動的速率？

A.Thepotentialenergycontainedinwater.A.水中所含的勢能。

B.Theeffectsofatmosphericpressureonchemicalcompounds.B.大氣壓力對化合物的影響。

C.Theamountsofrainfallthatfallonthecontinents.C.降落在各大洲的降雨量。

D.Therelativesizeofthewaterstorageareas.D.蓄水面積的相對大小。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章第三段，根據(jù)第一句“水分子通過循環(huán)的速率不是隨機的，而是能測出各個蓄水區(qū)的相對大小”，以及倒數(shù)第二句“一個水分子在大氣中平均停留11天，在大陸上停留100年，在海洋中停留4萬年”，綜合理解可知，水分子循環(huán)的速率是取決于蓄水區(qū)的相對大小，所以D項“蓄水面積的相對大小”符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“水中所含的勢能”與重力有關(guān)，和題干無關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴；

B項“大氣壓力對化合物的影響”和C項“降落在各大洲的降雨量”原文未提及，屬于無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.AllofthefollowingareexamplesofsolubleionsEXCEPT______.4.除了______，以下都是可溶性離子的例子。

A.magnesiumA.鎂

B.ironB.鐵

C.potassiumC.鉀

D.calciumD.鈣

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞solubleions定位至第四段第三句“不溶性離子如鋁、鐵和硅留在原地……”可知，B項“鐵”為不溶性離子，不符合題干。因此，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A項“鎂”、C項“鉀”和D項“鈣”根據(jù)第四段第二句“可溶性離子如鈣、鈉、鉀和一些鎂被溶解和運輸”可知，這三項都符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordtablefollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthetableisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthetablemorethanonce.

Itis3a.m.everythingontheuniversitycampusseemsghostlikeinthequietanddarkness—everythingexceptthecomputercenter.Here,twentystudentsrumpledandbleary-eyed,tappingawayonthe（1）keys.Witheyesgluedtothevideoscreen,theytaponforhours.Fortherestoftheworld,itmightbethemiddleofthenight,butheretimedoesnotexist.Thisisaworlduntoitself.Theseyoungcomputer“hackers”are（2）akindofcompulsion,adrivesoconsumingitovershadowsnearlyeveryotherpartoftheirlivesandformsthefocalpointoftheirexistence.Theyare（3）computerprogrammers.Someofthesestudentshavebeenattheconsoleforthirtyhoursormorewithoutabreakformealsorsleep.Somehave（4）onsofasandloungechairsinthecomputercenter,tryingtocatchamomentsleepbutdon’twanttogettoofarawayfromtheirbelovedmachines.Mostofthesestudentsdon’thavetobeatthecomputercenterinthemiddleofthenight.Theyaren’tworkingonassignments.Theyaretherebecausetheywanttobe—theyareirresistibly（5）there.

Andtheyarenotalone.Thereare（6）atcomputercentersallacrossthecountry.Intheirextremeform,theyfocusonnothingelse.Theyflunkoutofschoolandlosecontactwithfriends;theymighthavedifficultyfindingjobs,choosinginsteadtowanderfromonecomputercentertoanother.

“Irememberonehacker.We（7）hadtocarryhimoffhischairtofeedhimandputhimtosleep.Wereallyfearedforhishealth,”saysacomputerscienceprofessoratMIT.

Computerscienceteachersarenowmore（8）oftheimplicationsofthishackerphenomenonandareonthelookoutforpotentialhackersandcasesofcomputer（9）thatarealreadysevere.Theyknowthatthe（10）ofthehackersisnotjustthestoryofoneperson'srelationshipwithamachine.Itisthestoryofasociety’srelationshiptotheso-calledthinkingmachineswhicharebecomingalmosteverywhere.

問題1選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

問題2選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

問題3選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

問題4選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

問題5選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

問題6選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

問題7選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

問題8選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

問題9選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

問題10選項

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

【答案】第1題:I

第2題:M

第3題:C

第4題:E

第5題:J

第6題:A

第7題:G

第8題:N

第9題:L

第10題:O

【解析】1.考查句意理解。根據(jù)句意“在這里（電腦中心），20名學生皺著眉頭，睡眼惺忪，不停地敲著（）鍵盤?！庇纱丝赏茢喑?，這里指的是電腦鍵盤，所以I選項正確。

2.考查句意理解。根據(jù)句意“這些年輕的電腦‘黑客’正在（）一種沖動，這種沖動如此強烈，以至于掩蓋了他們生活的幾乎所有其他部分，形成了他們存在的焦點。”由此可知，填空處應填入動詞，M選項pursuing“追求”代入符合句意。

3.考查句意理解。分析句子可知，填空處應填入的是一個形容詞來修飾computerprogrammers；根據(jù)下文“其中一些學生已經(jīng)在控制臺前呆了30多個小時，沒有吃飯或睡覺。”可推斷出，這些人他們的行為是強制性的，所以本題選C。

4.考查句意理解。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是說“有些人在電腦中心的沙發(fā)和躺椅上睡著了。”所以選項E正確。

5.考查句意理解。根據(jù)破折號前面的句意“他們在那里是因為他們想要….”，可知，這里應該是指“他們被不可抗拒地吸引到那里”，所以選項J符合句意。

6.考查句意理解。根據(jù)句意“而且他們并不孤單。這里有來自于全國各地計算機中心的黑客?！边x項A符合句意。

7.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意理解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子成分和句意表達完整，由此可知，填空處應填入的是一個副詞，只有選項G屬于副詞，所以正確。

8.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句意“計算機科學教師們現(xiàn)在更加（）這種黑客現(xiàn)象的影響…”beawareof意為“意識到”，選項N符合句意。

9.考查句意理解。根據(jù)句意“計算機科學教師現(xiàn)在更加意識到這種黑客現(xiàn)象的影響，并且密切關(guān)注那些潛在的黑客和已經(jīng)對計算機嚴重上癮的事例?！眂omputeraddiction意為“對計算機上癮的”，選項L符合句意。

10.考查句意理解。根據(jù)句意“他們知道，黑客事件不只是一個人與一臺機器的關(guān)系。”選項O符合句意。

9.單選題

I'veheardthatyouaregoingto（

）theboss'sjobwhensheretires.

問題1選項

A.putupwith

B.putinfor

C.putoutto

D.putinon

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項putupwith“忍受，容忍”；B選項putinfor“申請”；C選項putoutto“拿出去”；D選項putinon沒有此搭配。句意：我聽說你打算在老板退休后申請（接替）她的職位。選項B符合句意。

10.單選題

WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.

Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinfections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords,afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.

1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto_____.

2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinparagraph2.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an)_____.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage

B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns

C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory

D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage

問題2選項

A.changesintheformsofwords.

B.changesinsentencestructures.

C.changesinspellingrules.

D.wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.

問題3選項

A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.

B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.

C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.

D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.

問題4選項

A.historian

B.philosopher

C.anthropologist

D.linguist

問題5選項

A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.

B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.

C.Ourchanginglanguage.

D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“...,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.”直到現(xiàn)在，人們才有一種強烈的趨勢，那就是重新研究和評價語言實踐中人們說話和寫作的方式。由此可知，現(xiàn)代語言學家根據(jù)人們說話和寫作的方式而不是標準或者模式來評估語言實踐。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Andwhensomewordinflections...suchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.”可知“inflection”其意為“單詞變形”，選項A正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的一二三四句“Wroupbutofmany.”可知選項A，C，D正確。選項B其他語言對英語的重大影響在本文中并未提及。

4.本文主要是講英語語言的變化與發(fā)展,由此推斷作者應該為語言學家。

5.本文主要是講英語語言的變化與發(fā)展,并不是講述英語歷史，所以A項錯誤；選項B和D只是文章的片段，不夠全面，所以本題選項C正確。

11.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Storiesabouttheproblemsoftourismhavebecomelegioninthelastfewyears.Yetitdoesnothavetobeaproblem.

Althoughtourisminevitablyaffectstheregioninwhichittakesplace,thecoststothesefragileenvironmentsandtheirlocalculturesashashappenedwiththeSperpasofNepal’sKhumbuValleyandinsomeAlpinevillages.Andagrowingnumberofadventuretourismoperatorsaretryingtoensurethattheiractivitiesbenefitthelocalpopulationandenvironmentoverthelongterm.

IntheSwissAlpscommunitieshavedecidedthattheirfuturedependsonintegratingtourismmoreeffectivelywiththelocaleconomy.LocalconcernabouttherisingnumberofsecondhomedevelopmentintheSwissPaysd’Enhautresultedinlimitsbeingimposedontheirgrowth.Therehasalsobeenarenaissanceincommunalcheeseproductioninthearea,providingthelocalswithareliablesourceofincomethatdoesnotdependonoutsidevisitors.

ManyoftheArctictouristdestinationshavebeenexploitedbyoutsidecompanies,whoemploytransientworkersandrepatriatemostoftheprofitstotheirhomebase.ButsomeArcticcommunitiesarenowoperatingtourbusinessesthemselves,therebyensuringthatthebenefitsaccruelocally.Forinstance,anativecorporationinAlaska,employinglocalpeople,isrunninganairtourfromAnchoragetoKotzebue,wheretouristseatArcticfood,walkonthetundraandwatchlocalmusiciansanddancers.

NativepeopleinthedesertregionsoftheAmericanSouthwesthavefollowedsimilarstrategies,encouragingtouriststovisittheirpueblosandreservationstopurchasehigh-qualityhandicraftsandartwork.TheAcomaandSanIldefonsopuebloshaveestablishedhighlyprofitablepotterybusinesses,whiletheNavajoandHopigroupshavebeensimilarlysuccessfulwithjewelry.

Toomanypeoplelivinginfragileenvironmentshavelostcontrolovertheireconomies,theircultureandtheirenvironmentwhentourismhaspenetratedtheirhomelands.Merelyrestrictingtourismcannotbethesolutiontotheimbalance,becausepeople’sdesiretoseenewplaceswillnotjustdisappear.Instead,communitiesinfragileenvironmentsmustachievegreatercontrolovertourismventuresintheirregionsinordertobalancetheirneedsandaspirationswiththedemandsoftourism.Agrowingnumberofcommunitiesaredemonstratingthat,withfirmcommunaldecision-making,thisispossible.Thecriticalquestionnowiswhetherthiscanbecomethenorm,ratherthantheexception.

【答案】在過去的幾年里，有關(guān)旅游業(yè)問題的報道層出不窮。然而，這并不一定是一個問題。

在瑞士阿爾卑斯地區(qū)的社區(qū)已經(jīng)明確，他們的未來取決于更有效地將旅游業(yè)與當?shù)亟?jīng)濟結(jié)合起來。

該地區(qū)的公共奶酪生產(chǎn)也出現(xiàn)了復興，為當?shù)厝颂峁┝瞬灰蕾囃鈦碛慰偷目煽渴杖雭碓础?/p>

僅僅限制旅游業(yè)不能解決這種不平衡，因為人們對新地方觀光的渴望不會消失。

現(xiàn)在問題的關(guān)鍵是，這能否成為常態(tài)，而不是例外。

12.翻譯題

環(huán)境與我們的生存息息相關(guān)。越來越嚴重的環(huán)境污染影響了我們的生活，我們理當應該更加重視環(huán)境保護問題。

近年來，由于車輛和工廠不斷增加，空氣和生活品質(zhì)也不斷惡化。此外，許多人缺乏公德心，亂丟垃圾，以致污染了湖泊和河流。更重要的是，農(nóng)民大量使用化學藥物使食物中毒事件一再發(fā)生。長此下去，我們將呼吸不到新鮮的空氣，喝不到純凈的水，吃不到營養(yǎng)的食物了。

正因為問題很嚴重，環(huán)境污染受到了各個國家政府的關(guān)注。就拿中國政府為例，2001年，全國環(huán)境污染治理投資為1106.6億元，比上年增加4.3%，人民也會公開談論政府對于環(huán)境污染的新舉措?？偟膩碚f，環(huán)境污染加劇的情況得到了一些控制。

畢竟，我們只有一個地球可以居住，保護環(huán)境非常重要。我們主張嚴格控制環(huán)境以保護環(huán)境。同時，不僅僅是政府，每一個人，不管你住在哪里，都應該盡力保護環(huán)境。以免其惡化。

【答案】Theexistenceofhumansisdirectlyboundwiththeenvironmentinwhichwelive.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionbecauseoftheinfluenceofmoreandmoreseriousenvironmentalpollutiononourliving.

Inrecentyears,withtheincreasingnumberofcarsandfactories,thequalityofairandlivingisworsening.Inaddition,lackingofsocialmorality,somepeoplelitterrubbishatwill,whichcontaminateslakesandrivers.What’sworse,farmer’soverusingchemicaldrugsleadtorepeatedincidentsoffoodpoisoning.Ifthesituationgoesonlikethis,wewon’thavefreshairtobreathe,purewatertodrink,ornourishingfoodtoeat.

Differentgovernmentsattachgreatimportanceonenvironmentalpollutionduetotheseverityofthesituation.TakeChinesegovernmentasanexample,in2011,theinvestmentforenvironmentalpollutiontreatmentcometo110.66billionyuan,anincreaseof4.3percentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.Andpeopletalkedopenlyaboutthegovernment’snewmeasuresagainstenvironmentalpollution.Inshort,thetendencytoworseningenvironmentalpollutionhasbeencontrolled.

Afterall,thereisonlyoneearth.Itisveryimportanttoprotectenvironment.Weadvocatestrictcontrolofpollutiontoprotectenvironment.Meanwhile,everyone,besidesthegovernment,nomatterwhereyouare,shouldtryone’sbesttopreventtheenvironmentfromdeteriorating.

13.翻譯題

Springdisplaysthenoisy,oftenshallowmoodsofadolescence.Autumnmoodsarethoseofmaturity,deeperandmoreintense.Agravemist-softenedmorningofreflectionisfollowedwithinhoursbyaValkyrieworldofscreamingtwilightwhenelementalwindstearwitheredleavesfrombranches,rockandstriptheshiveringforestandraiserollingmountainsondarkseas.Thewindpassesandthebillowingcloudscondenseintorain,whichfallswithquietpersistence,fillingthehardened,cart-rutsincountrylanes,floodingstreamsoversoddenmeadowsandemulsifyingthefallenleaves.Bluepatcheswidenbetweenthesun-lined,cloudsandsoontheglossybaretwigsarebrilliantinrain-washedsunshine.

【答案】【參考譯文】春天散布著嘈雜、淺淡的少年心情，秋天的心境是成熟、深沉而更為強烈