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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Beforehestartedthework,Iaskedthebuildertogivemean______ofthecostofrepairingtheroof.

問題1選項

A.assessment

B.estimate

C.announcement

D.evaluation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項assessment“估計、評定”;B項estimate“估價、判斷”;C項announcement“公告、宣告”;D項evaluation“評價”;句意:在他開始工作之前,我請建筑工人給我估計一下修理屋頂?shù)馁M用。因此該題B項正確。

2.翻譯題

Theminiaturizationofthecomponentsofcomputerchipshasprovedunstoppable.Ineachnewgeneration,thosecomponentsaresmallerandmoretightlypackedthantheywereinitspredecessor.Progresshasbeensorapidthatchipdesignersareapproachingapparentlyfundamentalbarrierstofurtherreductionsinsizeandincreasesindensity.Oneoftheseisimposedbytheneedtowirethecomponentsinachiptogether,sothattheycanexchangesignals.But,inaminiaturizedversionoftheshifttowirelesscommunicationinthemacroscopicworld,agroupofresearchersledbyAlainNogaretoftheUniversityofBath,inEngland,thinktheycanmakechipswhosecomponentstalktoeachotherwirelessly.

Atpresent,theelectronicsthattransmitandreceivetheradiowavesusedinwirelessdevicesaretoolargetobeusedwithinindividualchips.ButDrNogaretbelieveshecanovercomethis.LastweekheandhiscolleaguesatthreeotherBritishuniversities,anotherinBelgiumandaresearchinstituteinFrancewonthemoneytotrytobuildsuchadevice.

Theresearchersintendtousethestandardlithographic(平印刷板)techniquesemployedinchipmakingtocoatasemiconductorwithmicroscopicmagnets.Thesemagnetswillgeneratelocalmagneticfieldsthatpointinoppositedirectionsatdifferentpointsonthechip'ssurface.Electronshaveapropertycalledspinthatisaffectedbymagneticfields,andtheteamhopestouseaneffectcalledinverseelectron-spinresonance(諧振)tomakeelectronspassingthroughthechipemitmicrowaves..

Thetechniquetheyareproposingisthereverseoftheprocessinmedicalmagnetic-resonanceimaging.InMRI,thepatientisplacedinastrongmagneticfieldthatcausessomeofhisbodyatomicnuclei,whichactliketinymagnetizedspinningtops,toalignthemselveswiththefield.Thenucleiarethenzappedbrieflywithasecondmagneticfieldthatknocksthemoutofalignmentwiththefirstone.Thecoilsinthescanningapparatusdetectthesemagneticchanges,whichareusedtobuildupamapofthepartofthebodybeingexamined.Afterafewseconds,thenucleithemselveswiththefield,radiatingsmallamountsofenergyasheator,morerarely,asradiowaves.

Inchips,DrNogaretproposestousethespinoftheelectronratherthanthespinoftheatomicnucleus.Electronsflowingthroughthechipwould“see”amagneticfieldthatflipsfromonedirectiontotheoppositeeveryfewhundrednanometres(billionthsofametre).ThisistheequivalentofzappingtothestationaryobjectwithanoscillatingmagneticfieldofthesortusedinMRI.Thechangingmagneticfieldwouldforcetheelectronstooscillate,too,butwouldnotallowthemtoradiateheat.Asaresult,theywouldbeforcedtoemitradiowaves—or,rather,microwaves,whicharesimilarbutofshorterwavelength.

【答案】事實證明,計算機芯片元件的小型化是不可阻擋的。每一次更新?lián)Q代,這些組件相比以前更小巧,排列更緊密。發(fā)展如此之快,使得芯片設(shè)計者在進一步縮小元件尺寸、壓縮元件密度方面逐漸面臨一些根本性難題。其中一個問題就是芯片中的組件需要用線路連接起來,以便于交換信號。不過,英國巴斯大學(xué)的阿蘭·諾加雷特領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員認為,通過將宏觀條件下的無線通信傳輸微型化,他們可以研制出使用無線通信組件的芯片。

目前,無線設(shè)備中用來發(fā)射和接收無線電波的電子設(shè)備太大,無法在單個芯片中使用。但諾加雷特博士認為他可以解決這一問題。上周他和他來自另三所英國大學(xué)、一所比利時大學(xué)及一個法國研究所的同事爭取到了一筆資金用來研發(fā)這個設(shè)備。

研究者打算使用芯片制作的標準平印刷板技術(shù),將許多極小的磁鐵包被到一塊半導(dǎo)體上。這些磁鐵可產(chǎn)生局部磁場,從相反的方向作用于芯片表面的不同位點。電子具有一種自旋特性,可受磁場影響。研究小組希望利用一種“反電子自旋諧振”效應(yīng),讓穿過芯片的電子發(fā)射微波。

他們提出的技術(shù)與醫(yī)學(xué)核磁共振成像的過程正好相反。在這個過程中,病人被置于一個強磁場,該磁場可讓患者機體原子核(運動方式類似于磁化的陀螺)順著磁場方向排列。然后,用第二個磁場短時轟擊這些原子核,使其脫離第一個磁場的陣列。掃描儀中的線圈探測到這些磁性變化,并由此構(gòu)建出受檢身體部位的圖譜。幾秒鐘之后,原子核沿磁場方向重新排列,并放射出少量熱能或者無線電波(更罕見)。

在芯片制作方面,諾加雷特博士提議利用電子自旋而非原子核自旋。流經(jīng)芯片的電子可以“識別”某一磁場,該磁場每隔幾百納米(十億分之一米)就變換一次方向。這相當(dāng)于核磁共振中不斷擺動的磁場,令其轟擊某一靜止物體。不斷變化的磁場也會迫使電子振蕩,但不允許它們散射熱能。這樣一來,電子僅可發(fā)出無線電波或者更確切地說是微波,它與無線電波類似,但波長較短。

3.單選題

It(

)atleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuyboth.

問題1選項

A.entitlesyouto

B.providesyou

C.suppliesyoufor

D.givesyouto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項entitlesyouto“給你……權(quán)”;B選項providesyou“提供你”;C選項suppliesyoufor“為你提供”;D選項givesyouto“給你”。句意:當(dāng)你鏡框和鏡片都買了的話,它會給你鏡框或者鏡片半價的折扣。這里答案選A,只有當(dāng)你鏡框和鏡片都買,你才有半價權(quán)利。provide后面不能接雙賓語,所以不選;give可以接雙賓語,所以不需要加to;supply一般與with或者to搭配,所以C選項錯誤。

4.單選題

Theeveofthehurricaneappearstobetranquil.

問題1選項

A.calm

B.noisy

C.spiral

D.transparent

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.calm平靜的B.noisy吵鬧的

C.spiral螺旋形的D.transparent透明的

【答案】A

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線詞前面部分的語義為“颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎是____”,由此可知,該詞是形容颶風(fēng)來臨之前的情況的,根據(jù)常識可知,暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前都是平靜的,A選項calm“平靜的”最符合原句語義銜接。原詞tranquil“平靜的”。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎很平靜。

5.單選題

Ifyou(

)yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.

問題1選項

A.conduct

B.dismiss

C.grant

D.moderate

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項conduct“組織”;B選項dismiss“解散,解雇;不予理會,不予考慮”;C選項grant“授予”;D選項moderate“節(jié)制,減輕”。句意:如果你不考慮自己的需求,你將會有更多的機會獲得你想要的。選項B符合句意。

6.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom(

)onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問題1選項

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.configuration布局;結(jié)構(gòu)B.constitution構(gòu)成

C.condemnation譴責(zé)D.contamination污染

【答案】D

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】這里的ratherthan表示“而不是”的意思。句意為有機化學(xué)物來自……而不是來自火星上的真菌。根據(jù)句子邏輯,應(yīng)該是有機化學(xué)物來自地球上的污染。D“污染”符合邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】現(xiàn)在,《科學(xué)》雜志上的一篇論文認為,巖石中的有機化學(xué)物質(zhì)主要來自地球上的污染,而不是火星上的細菌。

7.單選題

Asenseofsmellissomethingwearebornwith.Orisit?

Untilrecentlyscientistsbelievedthatthecommonsenseviewwaswrong:researchhadsuggestedthatwelearntodistinguishbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsbyexperience.Fromearlyexperimentsthatinvolvedaskingchildrenbetweenthreeandfiveyearsoldwhattheythoughtofcertainsmells,researchersconcludedthatchildrenmustlearntheirappreciationofpleasantandunpleasantsmellsastheygetolder,ratherthanbeingbornwithit.Oneofthemostsurprisingresultsofthesetestswasthatthechildrensaidtheylikedthesmelloffaecesnearlyasoftenastheysaidtheylikedbanana.

PsychologistHilarySchmidtunderstandablyfoundthisresearchhardtoaccept.Shelookedatthewaythetestswereconducted,andappliedlessonsfromotherworkonchildpsychologytodesignherownexperiments.Shenotedthatchildrenyoungerthanfivewilloftenanswer‘Yes’toleadingquestionseveniftheanswersarecontradictory.Shethereforedecidedtosetherexperimentupasagame.SheaskedthechildreniftheywouldgiveaparticularsmellythingtoOscartheGrouch,apopulartelevisioncharacterwholivesinadustbinandlikes‘smelly’things,ortoBigBird,anothertelevisioncharacterwholikes‘nice’things.Shefoundthatthechildrendistinguishedbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsinmuchthesamewayasanadult.Withthehelpofyoungerandyoungersubjects,shehopestoshedlightontheimportanceoftheinheritedcomponentofthesense.

Childrenyoungerthansevenoreightarenotoriouslybadatrecognizingwhatanobjectisfromitsshapealone.Schmidtpointstoanexperimentshehascarriedoutwithchildrenunderfivewhoweregivenalargestyrofoamballandasmall,butheavy,leadballtocompare.Aftertheyhadachancetofeelthetwo,shetooktheballsaway,andshowedthemanotherpairofStyrofoamandleadball.Whensheaskedthemwhichofthetwowouldbetheheavier,theyinvariablypointedtotheStyrofoamballjustbecauseitwasbigger.Despitetheirearlierexperience,theyhadnotgraspedtheideaofwhatanobjectismadeof—itssubstance—aswellassizeandshape.Butinotherexperimentswhensheintroducedodors,shefoundthatchildrenunderfiveunderstoodthatsmellwasanimportantcharacteristicofsubstance,andchildrencoulduseascenttorecognizesubstanceirrespectiveoftheshapeorsizeinwhichitwaspresentedtothem.

Schmidthasalsofoundthatgirlsaremoresensitivetosmellthanboys.Thesexdifferenceiswellknowninadults,butnotinchildren.Explainingthedifferenceinadultshascenteredonthesuggestionthatasgirlsgetolder,theytendtotakepartinactivitiessuchascooking,whichtrainthemtodistinguishbetweensmells.Anothersuggestionwasthatafterpuberty,femalehormonesbringaboutsomechangeintheolfactoryequipment.ButSchmidt’sobservationsthatthesexdifferenceexistsinchildrendoesnotfitinwitheitherexplanation.

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.

問題1選項

A.acquired

B.trained

C.inherent

D.tested

問題2選項

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.

問題3選項

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobject

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshape

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballs

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeof

問題4選項

A.pupils

B.adults

C.children

D.researchers

問題5選項

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmelling

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayarole

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildren

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurtured

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.【選項釋義】

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.31.根據(jù)文章,眾所周知,我們的嗅覺是______。

A.acquiredA.后天習(xí)得的

B.trainedB.訓(xùn)練出來的

C.inherentC.與生俱來的

D.testedD.被測試的

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“研究表明,我們通過經(jīng)驗(byexperience)學(xué)會區(qū)分令人愉悅的和令人不快的氣味”,從中我們可知,嗅覺是后天通過經(jīng)驗獲得的。所以,A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

C選項與文章相反,屬于反向干擾;

D選項只是實驗內(nèi)容,屬于出處錯位。

32.【選項釋義】

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?32.希拉里?施密特最有可能同意哪一個?

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.A.孩子們相互矛盾的回答讓人難以理解。

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.B.游戲中的孩子對提示性問題的反應(yīng)更快。

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.C.小一點的孩子的嗅覺比大一點的孩子強。

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.D.在實驗中,孩子們的答案有時是不可靠的。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第三句“她指出,五歲以下的孩子通常會回答‘是’,即使答案是矛盾的”,從中可知,即便答案可能是矛盾的,孩子們在回答時通常都會回答“是”,從而推斷,孩子們的答案并不是可靠的。因此,該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項定位第三段第一句“心理學(xué)家希拉里?施密特認為這項研究難以接受是可以理解的(understandably)”可知,該項與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

B選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

C選項在文中并沒有進行比較,屬于無中生有。

33.【選項釋義】

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.33.施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒灡砻?,更小的孩子______。

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobjectA.在判斷物體時依賴于早期的經(jīng)驗

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshapeB.對大小、重量和形狀不敏感

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballsC.無法識別聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料球的大小

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeofD.能夠理解球是由什么制成的

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“盡管他們有過早期的經(jīng)驗,但他們并不了解物體是由什么物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的,也不了解物體的大小和形狀”,從中我們可知,施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒灡砻?,更小的孩子在判斷物體時對物體的大小、重量和形狀都不了解。因此,B項最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項中的早期經(jīng)驗并不是孩子們判斷物體的依據(jù),屬于曲解原文;

C選項不全面,屬于以偏概全;

D選項不符合原文,屬于反向干擾。

34.【選項釋義】

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.34.第三段的subjects一詞最有可能的意思是______。

A.pupilsA.小學(xué)生

B.adultsB.成年人

C.childrenC.孩子

D.researchersD.研究員

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先,根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句“在越來越年輕的研究對象的幫助下,她希望闡明嗅覺的遺傳成分的重要性”,結(jié)合上一句“她發(fā)現(xiàn),孩子們能像成年人一樣區(qū)分好聞和壞聞”,從中我們可知,這項研究的對象是children;綜合理解,第三段的subjects指的就是孩子。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項文中沒提到,屬于無中生有;

B、D選項并不符合原文,屬于曲解原文。

35.【選項釋義】

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.35.從文章的最后一句話,我們可以推斷施密特可能______。

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmellingA.推翻了現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于性別差異的嗅覺理論

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayaroleB.支持荷爾蒙起作用的第二種解釋

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildrenC.認為成熟的女孩對氣味的敏感性不如兒童

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurturedD.同意兒童嗅覺的敏感度是后天培養(yǎng)的

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先,定位至文章最后一句“但施密特關(guān)于兒童存在性別差異的觀察并不符合這兩種解釋”,其中的兩種解釋是指上文提到的關(guān)于性別差異對于嗅覺敏感度的影響在兒童中并不明顯的原因:一種認為女孩參加諸如烹飪之類的活動可以訓(xùn)練她們分辨氣味;另一種認為女性荷爾蒙會使嗅覺器官發(fā)生一些變化。綜合理解可知,施密特對于兒童性別差異的觀察研究推翻了女孩比男孩對氣味更敏感這兩種解釋,A選項意思與之相近。因此,該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B、C選項與原文不符,屬于反向干擾;

D選項與該段沒有聯(lián)系,屬于出處錯位。

8.單選題

Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnational()toagriculturethanmostothercountries.

問題1選項

A.resources

B.potential

C.budget

D.economy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項resources“資源”;B選項potential“潛力”;C選項budget“預(yù)算”;D選項economy“經(jīng)濟”。句意:該國政府投入農(nóng)業(yè)的財政()比其他大多數(shù)國家都多。此處表達的意思是“財政預(yù)算比其他國家多”,因此C選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Helicobacterpyloriisoneofhumanity’soldestandclosestcompanions,andyetittookscientistsmorethanacenturytorecognizeit.Asearlyas1875,Germananatomistsfoundspiralbacteriacolonizingthemucuslayerofthehumanstomach,butbecausetheorganismscouldnotbegrowninapureculture,theresultswereignoredandthenforgotten.Itwasnotuntil1982thatAustraliandoctorsBarryJ.MarshallandJ.RobinWarrenisolatedthebacteria,allowinginvestigationsofHpylori’sroleinthestomachtobegininearnest.Overthenextdecaderesearchersdiscoveredthatpeoplecarryingtheorganismshadanincreasedriskofdevelopingpepticulcers—breaksintheliningofthestomachorduodenum—andthatHpyloricouldalsotriggertheonsetofthemostcommonformofstomachcancer.

JustasscientistswerelearningtheimportanceofHpylori,however,theydiscoveredthatthebacteriaarelosingtheirfootholdinthehumandigestivetract.Whereasnearlyalladultsinthedevelopingwouldstillcarrytheorganism,itsprevalenceismuchlowerindevelopedcountriessuchastheU.S.EpidemiologistsbelievethatHpylorihasbeendisappearingfromdevelopednationsforthepast100yearsthankstoimprovedhygiene,whichblocksthetransmissionofthebacteria,andtothewidespreaduseofantibiotics.AsHpylorihasretreated,theratesofpepticulcersandstomachcancerhavedropped.Butatthesametime,diseasesoftheesophagus—includingacidrefluxdiseaseandaparticularlydeadlytypeofesophagealcancer—haveincreaseddramatically,andawidebodyofevidenceindicatesthattheriseoftheseillnessesisalsorelatedtothedisappearanceofHpylori.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassageisto().

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyfollowthelastsentenceofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.alterpeopletotheharmofHpyloricolonizationofthestomach

B.makepeopleawareoftheharmoferadicatingHpylorifromthestomach

C.suggestthatthebenefitsoferadicatingHpylorifromthestomacharenotoutweighedbythepotentialharm.

D.callattentiontotheconsequencesoferadicatingHpylorifromthestomach.

問題2選項

A.Improvementsinsanitationareavitalelementinhelpingwardoffpepticulcers.

B.Peopleinthedevelopingcountriesarenotlikelytocontractesophagealdiseases.

C.Nowadaysfewpeopleinthedevelopedcountriessufferfromstomachcancer.

D.ScientistshavelongrecognizedHpylori’simportantroleinthestomach,butcoulddonothingabout.

問題3選項

A.Furthermore,thedisappearanceofHpylorimaybeasentinelindicatingthepossibilityofothermicrobialextinctionsaswell.

B.Thepossibilitythatthisbacteriummayactuallyprotectpeopleagainstdiseaseoftheesophagushassignificantimplications.

C.However,therehasbeenanunexpectedriseintheincidenceofanewclassofdiseasesinvolvingtheesophagus.

D.TheriseofthesediseaseshasoccurredjustasHpylorihasbeendisappearing,anditistemptingtoassociatethetwophenomena.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。題干:作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是為了______。文章第一段主要介紹了幽門螺旋桿菌的發(fā)現(xiàn)以及幽門螺旋桿菌與消化性潰瘍的關(guān)系。第二段介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)食道疾病的增加與幽門螺旋桿菌的小時有關(guān)。作者旨在喚起人們對這種細菌的認識,因此D選項符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干:從文章中可以推斷出下列哪個陳述?第二段第二句中提到“Hpylorihasbeendisappearingfromdevelopednationsforthepast100yearsthankstoimprovedhygiene,whichblocksthetransmissionofthebacteria”,說明由于衛(wèi)生條件改善,幽門螺旋桿菌已從發(fā)達國家消失,因此A選項符合題意;在發(fā)達國家,幽門螺旋桿菌的攜帶率低,導(dǎo)致發(fā)達國家的食道癌患病率增加,但并沒有提到發(fā)展中國家的人是否會患食道癌,因此排除B選項;第二段中說到“theratesofpepticulcersandstomachcancerdropped”,下降不等于消失,因此排除C選項;科學(xué)家在研究幽門螺旋桿菌的重要性的同時,發(fā)現(xiàn)這種細菌逐漸喪失其在消化道中的位置,因此排除D選項。

3.推理題。題干:下面哪個選項最有可能跟在這篇文章的最后一句話后面?本文的主旨是喚起人們對幽門螺旋桿菌的關(guān)注。因此接下來作者可能會想要著重說明這種細菌的作用,它可能致病,也可能有抵御疾病作用。因此B選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Thecloseronecangettoreality,theeasierthelearningbythestudent,(

thatthenecessaryknowledgehasbeengivenpreviouslytofacilitatecomprehension.

問題1選項

A.so

B.despite

C.such

D.provided

【答案】D

【解析】考察連詞辨析。so因此,despite盡管,such如此;providedthat“如果,假設(shè)”;句意:如果先前已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了能夠幫助理解的必要知識,那么距離現(xiàn)實越近,學(xué)習(xí)就會越容易。選項D符合句意。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

明末清初之際,中國與歐美國家之間開始了具有近代意義的文化交流,這就是西方近代科學(xué)知識的東漸和以儒學(xué)為中心的中國傳統(tǒng)文化的西傳。對中國來說,這是繼印度佛教文化傳入中國之后,中國文化又一次大規(guī)模地對外來文化的吸收時期。在明末清初的100多年間,伴隨著西方傳教士的到來,中西文化的相互傳播與交流進入了一個新的歷史時期。

西藏的發(fā)展進步符合人類社會的發(fā)展規(guī)律。由傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟到現(xiàn)代市場經(jīng)濟,由政教合一至政教分離,由專制到民主,由迷信到科學(xué),由封閉到開放,是人類社會普遍的發(fā)展規(guī)律。西藏60多年的發(fā)展正是遵循了這個規(guī)律和總趨勢。

當(dāng)今世界正在發(fā)生廣泛而深刻的變化。由于經(jīng)濟全球化與信息化的發(fā)展,科學(xué)技術(shù)迅猛進步,世界變成了“地球村”。各國相互聯(lián)系,相互依存,利益交融達到了前所未有的程度,需要攜手應(yīng)對的問題越來越多,互利合作的愿望越來越強,從某種意義上講,世界已是一種“利益共同體”。

【答案】1.ChinabegantohaverealculturalexchangeswithEuropeanandAmericancountriesinthelateMingDynastyandtheearlyQingDynasty,whichiswhatisoftencalledXiXueDongJianinChinese—theintroductionofmodernWesternscience,technologyandculturetoChina—andDongXueXiJianinChinese—theintroductionoftraditionalChineseculturecenteredonConfucianismtotheWest.ThisturnedouttobethesecondperiodforChinatoabsorbandassimilateforeignculturesonalargescalefollowingtheintroductionofIndia’sBuddhistculturetoChina.Inaspanof100yearsbetweenthelateMingDynastyandtheearlyQingDynasty,withthearrivalofWesternmissionaries,thespreadanddiffusionofChineseandWesternculturesbothentereduponanewphaseofhistory.

2.ThedevelopmentandprogressofTibetisinaccordwiththerulesforthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Fromtraditionalagricultureandanimalhusbandrytoamodernmarketeconomy,fromtheintegrationofpoliticalandreligiouspowerstotheirseparation,fromautocracytodemocracy,superstitiontoscience,andisolationtoopenness—thesearethegenericlawsforthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Overthepast60yearsofitsdevelopment,Tibethasunfailinglyfollowedtheserulesandthegeneraltrend.

3.Theworldtodayisundergoingextensiveandprofoundchanges.Ithasbecome“aglobalvillage”duetotheeconomicglobalization,developmentofinformation,andtherapidadvanceofscienceandtechnology.Countriesaremorecloselylinkedandinterdependentwiththeirinterestsmorecloselyintertwinedthaneverbefore.Therearemoreandmoreissuesthatneedjointresponse,andthereisagrowingdesireformutuallybeneficialcooperation.Tosomeextent,theworldhasbecomeacommunityofinterest.

12.單選題

Thebookshiftedheroutlookfromsocialtospiritual,foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.

問題1選項

A.viewpoint

B.vocation

C.prospect

D.preference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這本書將她的……從社會轉(zhuǎn)向精神方面,因為它的主題是在改變他人之前,你必須先改變自己。viewpoint“觀點,視角”;vocation“職業(yè)”;prospect“前景,期望”;preference“偏愛,傾向”。根據(jù)“fromsocialtospiritual”可推測劃線單詞的意思是“觀點”,因此選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Hewas_______inthestreetsoftheMexicancapitalbymorethanamillionpeople,mostofthemsincerelyinspired.

問題1選項

A.acclaimed

B.attested

C.ratified

D.considered

【答案】A

【解析】acclaim歡呼,喝彩,稱贊;attest證明;ratify批準,認可;consider考慮。句意:他在墨西哥首都的大街上受到一百多萬人的歡迎,其中大多數(shù)人都受到了真誠的鼓舞。選項A符合句意。

14.單選題

Manycountrieshavenowsucceededin(

)themalarialmosquito.

問題1選項

A.erasing

B.eradicating

C.abolishing

D.demolishing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。erase意為“清除,消除,擦掉”,多指清除債務(wù),記憶等;eradicate意為“摧毀,完全根除”,強調(diào)徹底清楚;abolish意為“廢除,廢止”,一般指廢除有關(guān)習(xí)俗、制度、法律、制度等;demolish意為“摧毀,拆毀”,多指拆掉建筑物。

句意:許多國家現(xiàn)已成功根除瘧疾蚊子。

15.單選題

()shouldanymoneybegiventoasmallchild.

問題1選項

A.Onnoaccount

B.Fromallaccount

C.Ofnoaccount

D.Byallaccount

【答案】A

【解析】句意:絕不能給小孩錢。

語法題??疾榈寡b。onnoaccount絕不;fromallaccount綜上所述;ofnoaccount不重要的,無價值的(形容詞);byallaccount據(jù)說。題干中用到了部分倒裝,因此A項符合句意跟語法搭配。

16.不定項選擇題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

1.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause().

2.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that().

4.Theword“arbiters”(line6,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose().

5.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby().

問題1選項

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.

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