2023年北京海淀高三一模英語及答案

1/91/920232023.04本試卷共8頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢复鹪诖痤}紙上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚囃戤吅?將本試卷和答題紙并交回?！补矁晒?jié)，30分〕第一節(jié)〔101.515分〕閱讀下而短文，把握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選岀最正確選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。My.friendshipwiththestudentsinaprimaryschoolinUgandastartedonashakyground.The]ofnotbeingunderstoodwashiddenwithin,fortheyspokealanguagedifferentfromthatofmineandminetoofellondeafears.Igreetedthemwithawidesmile,andwhenIspokefurthetheyrepliedwithicecold2Areminderechoedinmymind:youmustlivethroughittogettothem.SoIgaveitanother.try;Ispoke3Englishwithhandgesturesandabitofdancing?Ifallfailed,thesmilewould4Soonwepickedupandthenthe5ofthelearnerscameintoplay.Atthementionofaname,tremblesandfacecoveringweretheresponseIgot.Idecidedtoadeskwithateameachdayduringgroupworktogetcloser.Afterschool.Iaccompaniedthemhome?7webecamefriends.Theywereevenawareofmyfavoritefruit,avocado 〔牛油果〕：IfIdidn”tgetoneonmydesk,itwould8mewhereverIwas.Myslipperswerewornout.OnenightIleftthemoutasnoonecouldstealapairofslippersinthatstate·Thenextmorning,IwasreadytodragmyslippersonasusualandIwassurprisedtheyhadbeen9Wow!1.A.angerB.fearC.confusionD.disappointment2.A.agreementB.blameC.commentD.silence3.A.simpleB.officialC.academicD.unusual4.A.turnupBbreakoffC.takeoverD.fade1.A.angerB.fearC.confusionD.disappointment2.A.agreementB.blameC.commentD.silence3.A.simpleB.officialC.academicD.unusual4.A.turnupBbreakoffC.takeoverD.fadeaway5.A.shynessB.lazinessC.lonelinessD.calmness6.A.clearB.shareC.searchD.exchange7.A.SuddenlyB.ObviouslyC.AccidentallyD.Gradually&A.hitB.findC.catchD.hunt9.A.packedB:cleanedC.repairedD.abandoned10.A.sympathyB.admirationC.friendshipD.confidence其次節(jié)語法填空〔101515分〕1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空」ABrianSkerryisanunderwaterphotojournalistAspartofhisjob,heencountersmysterioussea11〔creature〕suchaswhalesandsharks.TogetthebestphotoSkerrygetsclosetothewildlife―venifitsdangerous.OnetimeinMexico,asquidgabbedSkerryashe12?(take)aphoto.WhydoesSkerrytaketheserisks?Hehopeshisphotographswillmakepeoplethinkaboutlifeintheoceans ?AsSkerrysays,“Theoceansareinrealtrouble.Asajournalist,themostimportantthingIcandoistoraisepublic13(aware)/”BInthepastfewyears,researchersatLandUniversity14(publish)severalpapersondogs，abilitytodetectthewarmthofabodywithouttouchingit.Theirresultsshowthat,from5feetaway,dogscanreliablytellthedifference15a4-inchobjectatbodytemperatureandoneatroomtemperature?Thescientistsidentifiedasetofnervesinadog”snose16appeartoberesponsible?Theskinonadog”snosecanabsorbthetinyamountofinfraredlight(紅夕卜線)leakingfromawarmobject,andthenervesinsidetheskinquicklysensethatextraenergy,17(signal)tothebrainthatsomethingwarmisnearby.CSomeAmericancitiesarebanningdrive-throughwindowsatfast-foodrestaurants.Therearetwobasicreasonsforthebans:concernfortheenvironmentandtheneed18(fight)obesity?IntheUS.mostadultsdriveautomobilesandalmost40%oftheadultsareovenveight.That”spartly19peopleareworriedabouttheenvironmentandunhealthydiets?Supportersofthebanshopefewerdrive-throughwindows20(reduce)litterandairpollutionfromcustomersdrivingcars.Sonicalsothinkthatpeoplewillchoosehealthierfoodifthereisnolongertheconvenienceofadrive-throughwindow.14228分)

其次局部：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最正確選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AEmergenciesarescary,butthereisnowanewsmartringonthemarketthatwillquicklycallforhelpwhenyouneeditmost.MeetNinib,aringthatincludesapanicbutton.Itletsyousendemergencyalerts(警扌艮)topresetcontactsfromitsmobileappwiththetouchofathumb.Whetheryouarebeingattackedorexperiencingaserioushealthproblem,Nimbwillhelpkeepyousafeandsound.SmartRingtotheRescueThestorybehindthedevelopmentwiththisnewtechnologyisuniqueandtouching.In2023,KathyRoma,whoistheco-founderandcommunicationsleadwithNimb.wasviolentlyattackedbyacompletestrangerandwasonthebrinkofdeath.Shesufferedmultiplestabwoundsinasafeneighborhood,justafewfeetawayfromapolicestation.Hersavinggracewasn*tjustherfightanddrivetosurvive,butthecallforhelp?Sincethen,shehasbeensearchingtofindawayforotherstohaveavoicewhenthey”remneedofhelpandhasbeenadrivingforceinthedevelopmentofthisnewtechnology.AndNimbiseasytouse?Allyouneedtodowhenyourcontacts?Yourcontactswillgetinstantemergencyalertsontheirsmartphonesandtablets.Tliissmartringtracksyourexactlocationinrealtimeandyourcontactswillknowwhereyouareatalltimes?Nimb”sappmcludesaiialertcard,andbuilt-inchatandnotificationfeatures.Theringiscompatible(兼容的)withBluetooth4+,iOS7+andAndroid4+.ItisalsoequippedwitharechargeableLiPoBatterythatwilllastabouttwoweeks,andisdesignedtowithstandwateranddust.Nimb:StavSafeinStyleWhatmakesthissmartringextraspecialisthatitiscoolandfuturisticlooking?Ilcomesintwocolors:StealthBlackandClassicWhite?TheringisavailableinUSringsizes4?12,whichmeansyoucanwearitonanyofyourfingers.There”snodoubtthisnewtechnologywillbeahitonthemarket:everyonewantstohavethatextrapieceofmindwhenitconiesto2/93/9healthandsafety.NimbretailsforSI29.21Nimbisdesignedtohelpusers .relievepaininstressfulsituationswarnfriendsofsurroundingdangerscallcontactsforhelpinemergencieskeeptrackofserioushealthproblemsKathyRomagottheideaofNimbfrom .herexperienceofbeingattackedherdesiretohaveavoiceintechnologyherdreamoffoundingherowncompanyherdrivetosurvivefromaseriousdiseaseHowdoyouuseNimbwhenyouareintrouble?Byeditinganemergencymessage?Bypressingabuttonforthreeseconds?Bytrackingthelocationofpresetcontacts?Bysendingalertstothesmartphonesnearby.BItwasareadingclass?Whileallherclassmateswereflyingthroughthe2ndand3rdbooksinthe HarryPotterseriesSkyeMalik,onlyonfourofthefirstbook,gotimpossiblystuckontheword“doughnut^.Herunexpecteddifficultywithreadingiscalleddyslexia.Skyegotaprofessionaldiagnosisattheendofthe2ndgrade.Knowingthatotherkidsweregoingthroughthesamethingmadeiteasieronhersomehow.Whatwasn”teasyevenafterallthehelpshegotfromspecialtutorsandreadingprograms,wasfluentreading?Whatmanypeopledowithoutthinking-reading-shehadtostrugglewithwordbyword,sometimesletterbyletter.Inclass,shewouldheartheotherkidsflipthroughthesonassignmentsandgoontothequestionswhileshewasstilldoingbattlewiththefirstparagraph?Shewasasfrustratedasshewasdiscouraged.Butshedidn*tknowofanyotherwayuntilher4lhgradeteacher.MissPollock.toldheraboutsomethingcalledLearningAlly.LearningAllyisanon-profitorganizationthatoffersaudioversionsofbooks.Acrewofvolunteerreadershasrecorded75,000classicnovels,children”sbooks,andschooltextbooksthathelpmorethan300.000studentsandadultswithlearningdifferencesorwhoareblind.NowSkyecouldlistentothebookswithherearsandfollowthewordswithhereyesonthe,Insteadofhavinghermotherreadhertextbookstoher.shecouldindq)endentlydoherwork.“WithLeammgAlly,Ifeelconfidentandcapableandcaneasilykeepupwithmyclassmates/*Skyeexplains、“andIwantotherkidstofeelempowered,justdiewayIdid.””SoSkye,nowaged16,createdTliePacoProjectwhichwasnamedafterhergrandfatherwhosemcknamewas“Paco“.ThePacoProjectisafundraiserandeducationalinitiativefocusingongivingstudentswithdyslexiaaccesstothesameLearningAllytechnologythatchangedherlife?Skyehasrealizedthatsheisoneoftheluckykidswhohavebeendiagnosed?Sheknowsthateducatingteachersaboutdyslexiaandgivingstudentswiththelearningchallengethetoolstheyneedisagreatfirststepinmeetingdyslexiaheadon,andhelpingthembeconfident,capablestudents?“Rightnowtheyfeelstiick-ashamcd.unsureandinsecureabouttheirschoolwork.IfIcouldhelpstopthesestudentsfeelingthisway,thatwouldmeantheworldtome.“Accordingtothepassage,Skye ?foundawayoutwiththehelpofMissPollockfeltannoyedatbeingteasedbyherclassmatespreferredreadingthefirstbookofHarryPotterwasdiagnosedwithdyslexiainherfourthgrade25?ThePacoProjectwascreated ?topromoteLearningAllytechnologytoempowerthosewithreadingdifficultywithinspiration&omSkyesgrandfatherinresponsetothegrowingdemandsofteachersThepassagemainlyabout ?whatpeoplewithdyslexiaaresufferingwhatmeasuresareneededtobeatdyslexiahowLearningAllyinfluencedpeoplewithdyslexiahowSkyebattledagainstdyslexiaandhelpedothersCThephilosopherMartinBuber,ismostknownforhisworkon^I-TlioiVYou“relationshipsinwhichpeople:areopen,direct,nmtiiallyinterestedineachotlier.Incontrast,relationshipsarethoseinwhichweusetheotherlikeanobject,tosolveourproblemsandfulfillourneedsandpurposes.Itisnotourfaultthatmanyofourrelationshipsareorbecomerelationshipsbecausemostofwhatwefeetthinkanddoismotivatedbyunconsciousmemoriesofhowtosurvivetheenvironmentintowhichwewereborn.Thus,oneofthereasonsweuseotherpeopletohelpusfeelbetteraboutourselvesandcopeintheworldisthatusingpeoplewasoncenecessaryanditworked.Whenweweresmallandhelpless,”Itcameandfedus,andheldus,andsetusonourway.Wedidn”thavetoreciprocateandcareforEvenwhenthecareandattentionof“I廣wasnimuiialorunpredictable,ifwegotoutofcluldlioodalite,somewherealongthewayIt”wasinvoked.Freudcalledthisstageofearlylife”primarynarcissism”，whichisourinstinct〔本能〕forself-preservationandisanormalpayofourdevelopment.Whilemostofusgrowoutofit.westillholdasurvivalfear,whichmotivatestoescapedangerandtostayalive?andweallneedthisfearinhealthymeasure?Theproblemisthattoomanyofusmuchorthetime,areinaconstantstatethreat-andweoftendoiftknowit.Weimaginepeoplearetalkingaboutusbehindourbacks,thatwehavecancer,thatweareinadequate,andvulnerabletomorethanourshareofbadluck.Asourbrainhavegrowninsizeandcomplexity?sohasourabilitytoscareourselves?Thiscausesmanyproblems,Forexample,ourstresslevelsincrease,ourdigestionisimpairedandourthinkingbecomesrestricted·Ourthreatresponsestopsanybodilyfimction,feeluig,thoughtandbehaviorthatmight””waste“energyanddetractfromfightingorescapingdanger.Thus,wheninthreat,ouremotional,cognitiveandbehavioralrangeissignificantlyreduced?Andinthisreducedstate,oneofoursolutionsistofindsomeonewhocansaveandcomfortus.Instcadofenablingustobeopen,directandmutual,fearandanxietyleadustowardsconversationsandchoicesinourrelationswithothersthatareorientatedtowardssurvivingnotthriving〔強健成長〕.Threat-motivatedrelationshipsarecharacterizedbyneed,dependency,control,demand,dishonesty,andself-interest.Wecaimotformthel-Thon”relationshipsthatBuberspeaksofimtilwehax-elearnedtonotice,comfort,andunderstandtheemotionsandpatternsofourthreatbrain.Wheninthreat,wetendtouseotherpeopleasobjectswhocansaveandprotectus,orwhowecanblameforourproblems.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordreciprocate””inParagraph2probablymean?A.Returnthefavour.B.Askforsomeadvice?C.Conveyanapology. D.Makesomecomments.2&Whatcanweleamabout“primarynarcissism”?A.Itleadstooursurvivalfear.C.Itimpactsourgrowthnegatively.

B.11isnormalandusuallytemporary.D.ItlaysthefoundationforFreud”stheory.Whichofdiefollowingcouldbeanexampleof“I-It”relationships?A.Comfortinganupsetfriend.C.Tryinghardtobeindependent.

B.FeelingsorryforyourmistakesD.Askingotherstotakeonyourtask?Whatwouldbethebesttileforthispassage?HowWeCanFormthefcI-ThoifRelationshipsHowWeCanGetOutofthefcl-lfRelationshipsWhyWeTeatOthersasObjectsRatherThanIndividualsWhatHelpsUsSurviveandThriveinEarlyStagesofLifeDMoveOver,SelflshGeneEvolutiontraditionallyhasaproblemwithnicepeople.Ifonlythefittestindividualssurvive, 〔henthosewhoarenicetoothersattheirownexpensewillsurelyheweededout.Yetcooperationiswidespreadinnature,fromplantsalertingeachothertodangertodolphinscooperatingtoroundupfish.Adecades-oldideacalledkinselectioncanexplainsonicofthis:iforganisms〔生物〕haveenoughDNAincommon,thentheycanfurthertheirownselfishgenesbyhelpingoneanothe匚Beesandantshaveasystemofreproductionwhichleavescolonymemberssocloselyrelatedthattheyactalmostasasinglesuper-organismAndamonganysexuallyreproducingspeciesparentalcarehelpsindividualspassontheirgenes?Butkinselectioncannotexplainwhyhumansaresonicetostrangers?Oneideaisthatwehaveevolvedtobesuper-cooperativebecause,overtime,morecooperativegroupshaveoutcompetedlesscooperativeones.Buttheregenerallyisn”tenoughgeneticvariationbetweengroupstoallownaturalselectiontofavormorecooperativeones?Someresearchersthinkthesolutionliesinanideacalledculturalgroupselectio?Forgetsharedgenes,theyargue.Selectioncanfavorcooperativegroupsifthepeoplewithinthemshareenoughculture.Theideaiscontroversialbecausetoworkitrequiresthatgroupsremainculturallydistinct,Ascriticspointout.peopletendtomigrate〔遷移〕betweengroups,whichshouldhomogenize〔使同質(zhì)化〕ideasandcustoms.Thosewhobacktheconceptcounterthatgroupshavewaystomaintaintheirdistinctculture,includingaprocesscallednom〔準則〕enforcement.Putsimply,ifsomeonemigratesintoanewculturalgroup,theyarepressuredintofollowingthelocalrulesbecausefailingtodosoleadstopunishment.Earlierthisyear,MathewandHandleyatArizonaStateUniversitypublishedastudytestingtheidea?Theysampled759peoplefromfourethnicgroupsinKenyawhocompeteintensivelyforland,waterandlivestock?Thepairestimatedthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenindividualsfromdifferentgroupswasgenerallylessthan15%?Culturalpracticesandbeliefsvariedmuchmore,by107to20%.Peoplecooperatedmostwithmembersoftheirowngroup,asculturalgroupselectionpredicts,andtoalesserextentwithmembersofothergroupswhosenormsmostcloselymatchedtheirown.Thatmakessenseifcultureratherthangeneticsiswhatmatters.“Itliuikthisisoneofthemostexplicittestsofculturalgroupselectiontheorysofar/”saysMathew.Noteveryoneispersuaded?KrasnowatHarvardUniversityseesnotheoreticalflawwiththeidea,butsaysthatsomeofhisresearchunderminesit.Hehasfoundthatpeopledon”tjustenforcetheruleswithintheirgroup?bulalsopunishpeoplefromothergroupswhofailtofollowtheirowngroup”snorms.Mathewcountersthatitisreasonabletoenforcethenormsonoutsidersasasteptowardsincorporating〔使并入〕themintoyourculmralgroup,fcfcTliisisoftenhowempiresexpand/”shesays?31?Theexampleofbeesandantsisusedto ?highlightthesignificantroleofreproductiondemonstratetheefficiencyofasuper-organismrevealwhyparentscareabouttheirselfishgenesexplainthecauseoforganismshelpingoneanotherFortheideaofculturalgroupselectiontowork?apre-conditionisthat .cooperativegroupshavealargerchanceofsurxivalgeneticvariationsinthesameculturalgrouparesmallculturaldifferencesareweakenedwithpeoplemigratingculturaldistinctivenesscanbepreservedwithcertainmethods33?Thetextisdevelopedmainlythrough ?sortinginformationintodifferenttopicsnarratingeventsintimeorderpresentingdoubtsandexploringanswersdiscussingsimilaritiesanddifferences34.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat ?cultureplaysamoresignificantroleinchoosingcooperatorsbeingselfishisofvitalimportanceforanindividualtosurviveMatliew”sstudyresultcontradictswhatculturalgroupselectionpredictspeoplejoininganewgroupwillbepunishedfornotkeepingtheirownculture其次節(jié)〔5210分〕依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填人空白處的最正確選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。TheChangingLandscapeoftheMusicBusinessThemusicindustryisintheprocessofagreatchange.Inthepastdecades,artistsmademoneythroughphysicalsalesofrecords,CDs,andcassettes,Whi