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達爾文英語簡介
查爾斯-羅伯特-達爾文,英國生物學(xué)家,進化論的奠基人。下面是為你整理的達爾文英語簡介,希望對你有用!
查爾斯-羅伯特-達爾文簡介
CharlesRobertDarwin,February12,1809-April19,1882),Britishbiologist,founderofevolution.HasbeenridingtheBergershipfor5yearsofglobalvoyage,animalandplantandgeologicalstructure,suchasalargenumberofobservationandcollection.Publishedthe"originofspecies",putforwardthetheoryofbiologicalevolution,whichdestroyedavarietyofidealisticgodsandspeciesinvariancetheory.Inadditiontobiology,histheoryofanthropology,psychology,philosophydevelopmentcannotbeignored.Engelsranked"evolutionism"asoneofthethreediscoveriesofthenaturalsciencesofthe19thcentury(theothertwoarethetheoriesofcytology,conservationofenergy)andhaveanoutstandingcontributiontomankind.
OnApril19,1882,DarwindiedatthevillageofDawenat73yearsoldandwasburiedinWestminsterAbbey.
查爾斯-羅伯特-達爾文科學(xué)影響
Speciesorigin
Darwinwas51yearsold,shortlyafterpublicationofthe"originofspecies"
BasicInformation
Englishtitle:OntheOriginofSpecies
ChineseTitle:Originofthespecies
Author:Darwin
Translator:LiHu
ISBN:9787302275480
Pricing:$49
Published:2022.6
BookCategory:Q111.2
Sellingpointintroduction
1,Darwin'smasterpieceOntheOriginofSpecies(1859)firsteditionofthefirstChinesetranslation.Thefirsteditionofthe"originofthespecies"isthemostrecognizedoriginalversion,becauseitisDarwinhasnotbeenquestionedandblamebeforethewritings,clearthinking,conciseandpowerfulexpositionoftheoriginalviewofDarwin.ModernWesternscholarstodoevolutionaryresearchandwritings,usuallycitedisthefirsteditionof"speciesorigin",basicallythisversionhasbeea"standard".NearlyacenturyofChinesetranslationisbasedonthesixtheditionofthetranslation.
2,thebookdiscussesbreedingscience,ecology,paleontology,biogeography,animalbehavior,morphology,embryology,taxonomyandmanyotherareasofalargenumberofphenomena,revealingavarietyofbiologicalrelationshipbetweenspecies,speciesIsnotfixed,butthrough"withthemodifiedgenerationof"andchange.Darwinstudiedthevariationofbiologicallifeindomesticandnaturalstate,putforwardthetheoryofevolutionasthecoreofnaturalselectiontheory,thatinthe"struggleforsurvival",individualswithfavorablevariationwerechosentobepreserved,theunfavorableindividualwaseliminated,Afteragenerationofnaturalenvironmenttochoosetheroleofadaptationtothegradualaccumulationofmutations,leadingtotheemergenceofnewspecies,resultinginawonderfulvarietyoflifeforms;dwellingintheearthallthecreatures,arederivedfromoneorseveralprimitivetypesofevolutionEvolvedtocausebiodiversity.
Translatorintroduction
LiHu:HebeiXingtai,PekingUniversitygraduate,theStateOceanicAdministrationThirdMarineResearchInstituteofScienceandTechnologyInformationCenterengineers.Engagedinmarinescience,biodiversityandscientifichistoryofthetranslationwork.Translationof"worrydays:thehistoryofglobalwarmingexploration(2022,TsinghuaUniversityPress),"EvolutionaryLegend"(2022,OceanPress)andotherworks.
"Theoriginofspecies"
November24,1859,theBritishnaturalist,evolutionaryfounderDarwin's"originofthespecies"published,laidthetheoreticalbasisofevolution.EvolutionismwascalledbyEngelsasoneofthethreediscoveriesofthenaturalsciencesofthe19thcentury.
Anepoch-makingbook
Whichmarkedtheprofoundchangesintheviewsofthevastmajorityofthelearnedsocietiesinthenineteenthcenturyonthestatusofthebiologyandhumanbeingsinthebiologicalworld.
Theclassicworksthataffectthehistoricalprocess
Oneofthe10booksthatshooktheworld
Agreatinfluenceonthehumandevelopmentprocess
TheClassicTranslationofChineseModernSociety
1985American"life"magazinenamedthebestbooksofhumanhistory
In1986theFrench"reading"magazineremendedidealbook
November24,1859,inLondon,England,thisisaveryextraordinaryday.Onthisday,manypeopleinLondonflockedtoabookstore,petingtobuyanewlypublishedbook.Thefirsteditionofthebookwassoldoutonthedayofpublication.
Thisnewbookisthe"originofthespecies",itisthefounderoftheevolutionofDarwin'sfirstmasterpiece.Theadventofthisworkforthefirsttimeonthebasisofpletescienceonthebasisofscience,withanewideaofbiologicalevolutiontooverthrowthe"creationtheory"and"speciesunchanged"theory.
Thepublicationofthe"originofspecies"hascausedasensationinEuropeandtheworldasawhole.Itfoughtheavilyagainstthefoundationsoftheocracy,fromthereactionarychurchtothefeudalphilosopherswerefurious,theygroupattack,slanderDarwin'sdoctrine"blasphemetheHolySpirit",violatedthe"monarchicaldivinejustice",thelossofhumandignity.Incontrast,progressivescholars,representedbyHuxley,activelyadvocateanddefendDarwinism.Evolutionarytheoryhasexplodedpeople'sminds,enlightenedandeducatedpeopletoliberatethemfromtheshacklesofreligioussuperstition.
Darwin's"originofspecies"isverymeaningful,andthisbookcanbeusedasanaturalscientificbasisforhistoricalclassstruggle.-Marx
In1859becamethedivisionofsciencebeforeandafterthetwo"world"boundaries.Thepublicationofthe"originofspecies"hasledtoarevolutioninbiology,which,likeMarxism,hasagreatsignificanceandfar-reachingimpactonthestageofhistory.Darwinwasawayfromthehustleandbustleofthebigcity,andwaspreparingforarevolutioninhisquietmanor,andthatMarxhimselfpreparedforthecenteroftheclamoroftheworld,andthatthedifferencewasonlyappliedtotheother.
-Liebknecht
Darwin'sdominantideain"theoriginofspecies",thatis,"naturalchoice",willbeacceptedasascientificallydeterminedtruth.Ithasallthefeaturesofthegreatnaturalsciencetruth,blurredfortheclear,plexandsimple,andaddsalotofnewthingstotheoldknowledge.Darwinisthegreatestrevolutionistofthiscentury,andevenofallthecentury'snaturalhistory.
-BritishbotanistWatson
Ithinkthe"originofthespecies"ofthisbookisnomatterhowgooditis,itcantouchthosewhoknownothingaboutthisproblem.AsforDarwin'stheory,Iampreparedtosupportthefireeventhroughfireandwater.
-BritishnaturalistHuxley
PsychologyhistorianD.Schultzmentedin1981:"IntheDarwiniantheory,theimportanceofthepsychologicalfactorsofspeciesevolutionisobvious,andheoftencitesthehumanandanimalconsciousnessreaction.AsaresultofpsychologyandevolutionInthesenseofconsistency,sopsychologyhastoacceptthisevolutionarypointofview.
1809years
Darwin'sworksinfluencedpsychologyfromfouraspects
1,itemphasizesthecontinuityofthepsychologicalfunctionbetweenanimalsandhumans;
2,itchangesthesubjectofpsychologyintothefunctionofconsciousnessratherthanthecontentofconsciousness,changesthegoalofpsychologytostudytheadaptationoftheorganismtoitsenvironment;
3,whichprovidesreasonableevidenceforavarietyofalternativesurveysandresearchmethods,ratherthanconfinementtoexperimentalintrospection;
4,itfocusesonindividualdifferencesbetweenmembersofthesamespecies.
Darwinhasaspecialinfluenceonthedevelopmentoffunctionalism.HistheoryofevolutionhasledtotheriseofthepsychologyofAmericanopportunism,whichhasopenedaneweraofAmericanpsychology.
查爾斯-羅伯特-達爾文主要著作及信件
1835-1862
1835:"AbstractsfromletterstoProfessorHenslow"
1836:"TahitiandNewZealandandotherregionsofthemoralstatusreport"(ALETTER,ContainingRemarksontheMoralStateofTAHITI,NEWZEALAND,c.-BYCAPT.R.FITZROYANDC.DARWIN,ESQ.OFHMS'Beagle.')
1839:"JournalandRemarks"(JournalandRemarks),oftenreferredtoas"Beagletrip".
"ZoologyoftheVoyageofH.M.S.Beagle":atotalof5volumes,respectively,byanumberofauthorspublishedin1839to1843years.TwoofthemwereeditedandsupervisedbyCharlesDarwin,1840:"PartI.FossilMammalia",RichardOwen'sworks.
1839:"PartII.Mammalia",GeorgeRobertWaterhouse.
1842:"TheStructureandDistributionofCoralReefs"
1844:"GeologicalObservationsofVolcanicIslands"(GeologicalObservationsofVolcanicIslands)
1846:"GeologicalObservationsonSouthAmerica"(GeologicalObservationsonSouthAmerica)
1849:"Geology",publishedinJohnFriedrichWilliamHerschel,"AManualofscientificinquiry"(preparedfortheuseofHerMajesty'sNavy:andAdaptedfortravellersingeneral.
1851:AMonographoftheSub-classCirripedia,withFiguresofalltheSpecies.TheLepadidae;or,PedunculatedCirripedes.
1851:"Monroefossil"AMonographontheFossilLepadidae;or,PedunculatedCirripedesofGreatBritain
1854:"MonographoftheSub-classCirripedia,withFiguresofalltheSpecies.TheBalanidae(orSessileCirripedes);theVerrucidae,etc.
1854:"CeratoidesandAquaculture"AMonographontheFossilBalanidaelig;andVerrucidaelig;ofGreatBritain.
1858:"discussingthetendencyofspeciestoformvariants;andontheTendencyofSpeciestoformVarietiesandonthePerpetuationofVarietiesandSpeciesbyNaturalMeansofSelection"Anunpublishedbook.
1958:"autobiographyofCharlesDarwin",Barlow(Barlow)piledbythefullversion.1859:"OntheOriginofSpeciesbyMeansofNaturalSelection,orthePreservationofFavouredRacesintheStruggleforLife",thepletetitleis"BasedonNaturalSelectionorSurvivalinSurvivalpetition"origin".
1862:"ThevariouscontrivancesbywhichBritishandforeignorchidsarefertilisedbyinsects".
1868-1903
1868:"VariationofPlantsandAnimalsUnderDomestication"(VariationofPlantsandAnimalsUnderDomestication).1871:"TheDescentofMan,andSelectioninRelationtoSex",alsoknownas"humanorigin".
1872:"TheExpressionofEmotionsinManandAnimals".
1875:"MovementandHabitsofClimbingPlants".
1875:InsectivorousPlants.
1876:"TheeffectsofCrossandSelf-FertilationintheVegetableKingdom"(TheEffectsofCrossandSelf-FertilationintheVegetableKingdom).
1877:"TheDifferentFormsofFlowersonPlantsoftheSameSpecies".1879:Prefaceandapreliminarynotice,inErnstKrause'sErasmusDarwin.
1880:"ThePowerofMovementinPlants".
1881:"Theformationofhumusandtheroleofearthworms"(TheFormationofVegetableMoldThroughtheActionofWorms),
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