英語定語從句形容詞性從句用法

英語定語從句形容詞性從句用法英語定語從句形容詞性從句用法英語定語從句形容詞性從句用法英語定語從句形容詞性從句用法編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:英語定語從句(形容詞性從句)用法一、定義：定語從句在復(fù)合句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。關(guān)系代詞有：who,

whom,

whose,

that,

which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when,

where,

why等。先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞（which,who,whom,whose,that）（where,when,why）二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法：1）當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who作主語，whom作賓語(可省)；2）當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that，可作主語或賓語(可省)；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關(guān)系副詞when（指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，where（指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須和先行詞在人稱和數(shù)量上保持一致。小結(jié):who,whom,whose(ofwhich),that(指人/物),which(指物)(主語)(賓語)(定語)Where=inwhich(指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語)When=onwhich（指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語Why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）三、關(guān)系詞的選擇1．首先判斷先行詞。2．先行詞確定后，再看關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分，然后正確選擇關(guān)系詞。4．定語從句要避免成分重復(fù)5．定語從句要避免漏用先行詞6．含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開ThesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyearSheisthegirlwhosingsbestofallThestudentwhoansweredthequestionismyclassmateThedoctorwhomyou’rtalkingabouthasgonehomeIknowtheladywhosehusbandworksinahospitalThisistheletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoreadWhereismycoatwhichIboughtthismorningIhaveneverforgottenthedaywhenImetyouTheistheroomwherehelivesTheisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleaveThewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.四、定語從句中的that,who用來指人時(shí)的用法在下列情況下多用或須用who①關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，多用who.DoyouknowthemanwhospokejustnowThedoctorwhotreatedmewasveryexperienced.②先行詞為all,anyone,one,ones等時(shí)，多用who。Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.Anyonewhobreakstherulewillbepunished.③先行詞為those和people時(shí)多用who。Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.④在非限制性定語從句中作主語須用who，作賓語須用whom。Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.Mr.Green,whomyousawinthelibraryyesterday,willteachusphysicsnextterm.⑤在被分割的定語從句中須用who.AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.⑥在以therebe開頭的句子中多用who.Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.⑦一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)須用who。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatismodestandstudiesveryhard.五、只用that不用which的情況1、

當(dāng)先行詞是all,

little,

few,

much,

something,everything,

anything,

nothing,

none等不定代詞時(shí)。如：Everything

that

happened

then

was

like

a

nightmare.當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)生的一切就像是一場噩夢。I

will

tell

him

all

that

you

told

me

at

the

ball.我要把你在舞會(huì)上跟我說的話全都告訴他。2、

當(dāng)先行詞被only,

any,

few,

little,

no,

all,

just,very（恰好的,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)）等詞修飾時(shí)。例如：The

only

thing

that

we

could

do

was

to

wait.我們能做的只是等待。That’s

the

very

thing

that

we

can

do.那正是我們能做的事。3、當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。例如：The

first

place

that

we

visited

was

the

Great

Wall.我們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是長城。This

is

the

best

novel

that

I

have

ever

read.這是我看過的最好的小說。4、被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)。例如：Yesterday

I

caught

two

fish

and

put

them

in

a

basin

of

water.

Now

you

can

see

the

two

that

are

still

alive.

昨天我捉到了兩條魚，把它們放在一盆水里。

你可以看到那兩條魚還活著呢。

5、主句是There

be結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主語的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞修飾物。例句：

There’s

still

a

room

that

is

free.還有一個(gè)空房間。

6、先行詞中同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)。例如：

We

talked

about

the

people

and

the

villages

that

we

remembered.我們談?wù)摿宋覀冇浀玫娜撕痛遄印?/p>

He

asked

about

the

factories

and

workers

that

he

had

visited.他問起他去過的這幾家工廠和工人的情況。

7、當(dāng)主句中有who,

which時(shí)，而定語從句中也要用到who或which時(shí)，為了避免who…who,

which…which等重疊，定語從句要用that引導(dǎo)。例如：

Who

is

the

man

that

is

standing

by

the

door

站在門邊的那個(gè)男人是誰

Which

of

the

two

cows

that

you

keep

produces

more

milk

你養(yǎng)的那兩頭奶牛中哪一個(gè)產(chǎn)奶多

8、人或物在定語從句中表語時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，而that通常也可以省略。例如：

He

is

no

longer

the

man

that

he

was.他不再是過去的他。

六、關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間,關(guān)系副詞where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作狀語。即使先行詞是時(shí)間地點(diǎn),若作從句中的賓語，只能用關(guān)系代詞that,which.鞏固練習(xí)Fillinthegaps:1.We

talked

about

the

people

and

the

villages

______

we

remembered.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree7.He

is

no

longer

the

man

_______

he

was.單選題1．Istillremembertheday-------IjoinedthearmyA.whichB.whenC.onthatD.inwhich2.Thisisthefactory--------wevisitedlastyearA.whereB.whichC.whyD.who3.Haveyoufoundthewoman-----pursewaslostA.thatB.whoC.whoseD.whom4.Whereisthewindow------glasswasbrokenA.whichB.thatC.whoseD.its5.Thisisthebook------IwantA.thatB.whatC.inwhichD.as6.Sheisanewteacher---------willteachyouEnglishA.whoB.whoseC.whomD.when7.Iknowhim-------sisterisourteacherA.whoseB.whomC.thatD.which8.Isthisthehouse--------youwillbuyA.whereB.whichC.whyD.who9.heistheperson-------I’mlookingforA.howB.whomC.whoseD.when10.Thetime--------welivedtogetherwasveryhappyA.whenB.where.C.that定語從句補(bǔ)充強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1.Themostimportantthing_______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing_______Ihavesaid. A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that2.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons_______noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that3.Heneverreadsanything________isnotworthreading.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.as4.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_________wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it5.Thehouse________roofwasdamagedhasn