物理名詞(中英文對照)

編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:Ⅰ、測量(measurement)

物理學(xué)physics

誤差error

游碼rider

測量measure

(vt.)

實(shí)驗(yàn)experiment

溫度temperature

長度length

實(shí)驗(yàn)室laboratory

攝氏度degree

centigrade

單位unit

面積area

溫度計(jì)thermometer

千米

kilometer

平方米square

meter

體溫計(jì)clinical

thermometer

米meter

體積volume

時(shí)間time

分米decimeter

立方米cubic

meter

小時(shí)hour

厘米centimeter

升Liter

分鐘minute

毫米millimeter

毫升Milliliter

秒

second

微米micron

質(zhì)量mass

毫秒millisecond

納米nanometer

噸ton

停表stop

watch

測量工具measuring

tool

千克kilogram

力force

刻度尺meter

ruler

克gram

牛頓Newton

最小刻度division

value

毫克milligram

測力計(jì)dynamometer

零刻度線zero

graduation

line

天平balance

彈簧秤spring

balance

測量范圍measuring

range

砝碼weights

Ⅱ、運(yùn)動(dòng)（simple

motion）相對運(yùn)動(dòng)relative

motion

方向direction

路程path靜止rest

直線運(yùn)動(dòng)rectilinear

motion

速度velocity

參照物reference

曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)curvilinear

motion

變速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)variable

rectilinear

motion

位置position

勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)uniform

rectilinear

motion

平均速度average

velocity

Ⅲ、熱（heat）分子molecules

熔化melting

液化liquefaction

分子運(yùn)動(dòng)molecular

motion

熔點(diǎn)melting

point

升華sublimation

擴(kuò)散diffusion

凝固solidification

凝華condensation

排斥力repulsive

force

凝固點(diǎn)solidifying

point

冰箱refrigerator

吸引力attractive

force

晶體crystal

熱傳遞heat

transfer

物質(zhì)substance

非晶體noncrystal

熱傳導(dǎo)heat

conduction

物體object

吸收absorb(v.)

熱對流heat

convection

狀態(tài)state

放出release(v.)

熱輻射heat

radiation

固體solid

汽化vaporization

熱量heat

液體liquid

蒸發(fā)evaporation

比熱（容）specific

heat（）氣體gas

沸騰boiling

物態(tài)變化state

transformation

沸點(diǎn)boiling

point

ⅠⅠ、光（light）光源light

source

入射角incident

angle

焦距focal

length

光的直線傳播rectilinear

propagationof反射角reflection

angle

會(huì)聚converge(v.)小孔成像image

byping

hole

鏡面反射mirror

reflection

發(fā)散diverge(v.)

日食solar

eclipse

漫反射diffuse

reflection

光屏（屏幕）screen

月食lunar

eclipse

平面鏡plane

mirror

照相機(jī)camera

光速velocity

of

light

潛望鏡periscope

幻燈機(jī)slide

projector

真空vacuum

蠟燭candle

電影放映機(jī)film

projector

空氣air

光的折射refractionof

light

放大鏡magnifier

玻璃glass

折射光線refracted

ray

倒立的inverted

水water

折射角refraction

angle

正立的erected

均勻介質(zhì)well-distributed

medium

透鏡lens

縮小的reduced

光的反射reflectionof

light

凸透鏡convex

lens

放大的amplified

反射定律reflection

law

凹透鏡concave

lens

實(shí)像real

image

入射光線incident

ray

（主）光軸principal

optical

axis

虛像virtual

image

反射光線reflected

ray

光心optical

centerof

lens

海市蜃樓mirage

法線normal

焦點(diǎn)focus

光的色散dispersion

of

light

Ⅴ、磁（magnetism）磁體agnet

小磁針magneticneedle

磁場magnetic

field

天然磁體natural

magnet

磁極magnetic

pole

地磁場geomagnetic

field

人造磁體man-made

magnet

南極north

pole

電流的磁場magnetic

field

of

electric

current

條形磁鐵bar

magnet

北極South

pole

磁感線magnetic

induction

line

蹄形磁鐵horseshoe

magnet

磁化magnetization

電磁鐵electromagnet

三、聲音（sound）振動(dòng)vibrate

聲波wave

of振幅amplitude

介質(zhì)medium

音調(diào)pitch

噪音noise

傳播travel

響度loudness

樂音voice聲速velocity

of

sound

音色musical

quality

分貝decibel（dB）回聲echo

頻率frequency

四、力（force）重力ravity

慣性inertia

動(dòng)力motive

force

重心center

of

gravity

平衡equilibrium

阻力resistance

摩擦力friction

force

壓強(qiáng)pressure

動(dòng)力臂power

arm

滑動(dòng)摩擦sliding

friction

帕斯卡ascal(Pa)

阻力臂resisting

arm

滾動(dòng)摩擦rolling

friction

液體壓強(qiáng)hydraulicpressure

作用線action-line

靜摩擦static

friction

大氣壓強(qiáng)atmosphericof

pressure

滑輪pulley

壓力pressure

force

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓standardatmospherepressure

定滑輪fixed

pulley浮力buoyancy

force

氣壓計(jì)barometer

動(dòng)滑輪movable

pulley

力的圖示force

diagram

托里拆利Torricelli

滑輪組pulley

block

力的大小magnitude

of

force

阿基米德原理Archimedes

principle

功work

力的方向direction

of

force

密度density

功率power

力的作用點(diǎn)acting

point

of

force

潛水艇submarine

機(jī)械效率mechanical

efficiency

合力resultant

force

熱氣球fire

balloon

有用功useful

work

分力omponent

force

飛艇airship

額外功extra

wok

力的合成composition

of

forces

簡單機(jī)械simple

mechanics

總功total

work

形變deformation

杠桿lever

斜面inclined

plane

牛頓第一定律Newton’s

First

Law

支點(diǎn)pivot

五、電（electricity）電荷electric

charge

正極positive

plate

電壓voltage

帶電體charged

body

負(fù)極negative

plate

伏特Volt

摩擦起電electrificationby

friction

電路electric

circuit

伏特計(jì)voltmeter

正電荷positive

charge

通路closed

circuit

電阻resistance負(fù)電荷negative

charge

開路open

circuit

歐姆Ohm

導(dǎo)體conductor

短路short

circuit

變阻器rheostat

絕緣體insulator

電路圖ircuit

map

滑動(dòng)變阻器slide

wire

rheostat

半導(dǎo)體semiconductor

串聯(lián)series

connection

歐姆定律電源power