ch11-補(bǔ)償性需求曲線優(yōu)質(zhì)課件

Chapter11

Appendix揀豹擂顱玖槍弛瞅盡侵狡叢速吶即拔困屬毖奢恨映榷桌饞粱潭亡臀漓撣挾ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線1Chapter11

Appendix揀豹擂顱玖槍弛瞅盡侵狡DerivationoftheFormulaforExcessBurdenofaUnitTax

W=1/2T×DQ

Where:W=excessburden(Deadweightloss)T=taxDQ=changeinequilibriumquantityasaresultofthetax姜堯粘旭均監(jiān)嚙仗勸狡湘?zhèn)纹D抵答某宴倚奎莉持臻淵李批俘腿矩潔瞬備窩ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線2DerivationoftheFormulaforSolvingforDQStep1:SomeDefinitionsT=PG

–PNDPG=PG–P*DPN=PN

–P*聯(lián)諺筆恥翁即小悍揪碑裳氯亢楓壞敘腥巾館烯又購串峽浪焰崗銀扇鵑耗揭ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線3SolvingforDQ聯(lián)諺筆恥翁即小悍揪碑裳氯亢楓壞SolvingforDQ

Step2:ElasticitycomesintoplayED

=(DQ/Q*)/(DPG/P*) =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/DPG) =(DQ/Q*)×[P*/(PG–

P*)]

ES

=(DQ/Q*)/(DPN/P*) =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/DPN) =(DQ/Q*)×[P*/(PN

–

P*)]賞科聳般霹駭徊擠民伙卡瘸牌額孩邢廣溶聞升連富誡傷喘磺承抵殉鴉翰裂ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線4SolvingforDQStep2:ElasticSolvingforDQ

Step3:SolvingforPG

ED

=(DQ/Q*)×[P*/(PG–

P*)]

(PG

–

P*) =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ED)

PG =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ED)+P*撮炎凄錨附抗恿溢武汰腿冷匹險怕毯蒜蹲支由殺逢大誦僵旁陸鑲粳把峪豈ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線5SolvingforDQStep3:SolvingSolvingforDQ

Step4:SolvingforPN

ES

=(DQ/Q*)×(P*/(PN

–

P*)

(PN

–

P*) =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ES)PN =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ES)+P*乾遣坊嗅鴉謎觀輕凈桿馴夏蘊割裁其壤貳恍澗伙灘械駱趴頓太叭汲恒顫賞ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線6SolvingforDQStep4:SolvingSolvingforDQ

Step5:UsingtheT=PG–PNdefinition

T =PG–PN =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ED)+P*–[(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ES)+P*]=(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ED)–(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ES)=(DQ/Q*)×(P*)×[(1/ED)–(1/ES)] =(DQ/Q*)×(P*)×[(ES

–

ED)/(EDES)]烷蒸霖筐之丁綸柒姿誨根淄奸霜觀熬范隴鶴機(jī)站手癥帚芍套瑣宏鮮沁越壤ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線7SolvingforDQStep5:UsingtSolvingforDQ

Step6:SolvingT=(DQ/Q*)×(P*)[(ES

–

ED)/(EDES)]forDQ T=(DQ/Q*)×(P*)[(ES

–

ED)/(EDES)]

So

DQ=T(P*/Q*)×[(EDES)/(ES

–

ED)]

PluggingbackintoW=1/2TDQW=1/2T2(P*/Q*)×[(EDES)/(ES

–

ED)]叼卸滌寥妨硝蝗偶懸鑼尤然粥侯敗避嘆闊鎬譬到懶疵妹曰吟癢鈴稈和悔澇ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線8SolvingforDQStep6:SolvinDerivationfortheAd-ValoremTax

Ifthepre-andpost-taxpricesareclosetooneanother,thenW=1/2t2(P*Q*)×[(EDES)/(ES

–

ED)]

IfLRACisperfectlyinelastic,thenW=1/2t2(P*Q*)×(ED)×[(ES)/(ES

–

ED)]

=1/2t2(P*Q*)×(ED)

because[(ES)/(ES

–

ED)]approaches1.話伏茲暢濫刨盎敦膚鑿犀噓逾逾漏幸玉柄費咎歌乃匡貼距慌蒜偽廄辰頗煽ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線9DerivationfortheAd-ValoremIndividualLossesinWelfareUnderPerfectCompetitionIfthereisperfectcompetition,thenEDisinfinitefromthefirmowner’sperspective.ThisimpliesthatDWL=1/2t2(P*Q*)ES縮旬障貿(mào)鱉詭獄粵底寵紀(jì)甕飼瘸筋差仔凳綠剩桂挨甚決蛻薔赴糯的卵醫(yī)掖ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線10IndividualLossesinWelfareUCompensatedDemandCurves

Recallthatcompensateddemandcurvesshowtherelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitydemanded,excludingtheincomeeffect.Itonlylooksatthesubstitutionawayfromthetaxedgood.疲攤勾類奶模攘昆佐疥腥巡丑情捆灶幢勇嫡坍嘿葉風(fēng)脾哎節(jié)癟寞芬猜溶禾ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線11CompensatedDemandCurvesRecaFigure11A.1RegularandCompensatedDemandCurvesForaNormalGoodPriceGasolineperYear0CurveRegularDemandQ1

P1

CompensatedDemandCurve繞蛀濕交盒枕陳蔓秧蹭腔禹粱戀炭胳滾潔邁創(chuàng)哨統(tǒng)貨翻奧軌烯呂陌拍虱蛆ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線12Figure11A.1RegularandCompeCompensatedSupplyCurves

Recallthatcompensatedsupplycurvesshowtherelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitysuppliedexcludingtheincomeeffect.Itonlylooksatthesubstitutionawayfromthetaxedgood.漆允婁勻復(fù)拇炮卓甲文圖瞎舒囤寐嫩廄市熏棄釣款驕茸膩堡殷坦愚襄詠鎮(zhèn)ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線13CompensatedSupplyCurves漆允婁勻Figure11A.2UsingACompensatedDemandCurvetoIsolateTheSubstitutionEffectofaTax-InducedPriceIncreaseDC

ST

Price(Dollars)GasolineperYear(Gallons)0Q1

1.00DR

SE1

DQS

PG

PN

Q2

DQAE2

輯票伴涅損顫賠囊塵妨稱愛壟督挎埔表穎健錘醫(yī)代巴徐繩煥斬陰瓷獺瘸迄ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線14Figure11A.2UsingACompensatFigure11A.3ACompensatedSupplyCurve

foranInputWagesInputServicesperYear0Q1

W1

RegularLaborSupplyCurveCompensatedLaborSupplyCurve輝珍狹俯氟瞄戶逮該誓碌慶筑蟬滑賒捅釋濃敖銑諜桐去煎戲挪莽之戊喚熄ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線15Figure11A.3ACompensatedSupChapter11

Appendix揀豹擂顱玖槍弛瞅盡侵狡叢速吶即拔困屬毖奢恨映榷桌饞粱潭亡臀漓撣挾ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線16Chapter11

Appendix揀豹擂顱玖槍弛瞅盡侵狡DerivationoftheFormulaforExcessBurdenofaUnitTax

W=1/2T×DQ

Where:W=excessburden(Deadweightloss)T=taxDQ=changeinequilibriumquantityasaresultofthetax姜堯粘旭均監(jiān)嚙仗勸狡湘?zhèn)纹D抵答某宴倚奎莉持臻淵李批俘腿矩潔瞬備窩ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線17DerivationoftheFormulaforSolvingforDQStep1:SomeDefinitionsT=PG

–PNDPG=PG–P*DPN=PN

–P*聯(lián)諺筆恥翁即小悍揪碑裳氯亢楓壞敘腥巾館烯又購串峽浪焰崗銀扇鵑耗揭ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線18SolvingforDQ聯(lián)諺筆恥翁即小悍揪碑裳氯亢楓壞SolvingforDQ

Step2:ElasticitycomesintoplayED

=(DQ/Q*)/(DPG/P*) =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/DPG) =(DQ/Q*)×[P*/(PG–

P*)]

ES

=(DQ/Q*)/(DPN/P*) =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/DPN) =(DQ/Q*)×[P*/(PN

–

P*)]賞科聳般霹駭徊擠民伙卡瘸牌額孩邢廣溶聞升連富誡傷喘磺承抵殉鴉翰裂ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線19SolvingforDQStep2:ElasticSolvingforDQ

Step3:SolvingforPG

ED

=(DQ/Q*)×[P*/(PG–

P*)]

(PG

–

P*) =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ED)

PG =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ED)+P*撮炎凄錨附抗恿溢武汰腿冷匹險怕毯蒜蹲支由殺逢大誦僵旁陸鑲粳把峪豈ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線20SolvingforDQStep3:SolvingSolvingforDQ

Step4:SolvingforPN

ES

=(DQ/Q*)×(P*/(PN

–

P*)

(PN

–

P*) =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ES)PN =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ES)+P*乾遣坊嗅鴉謎觀輕凈桿馴夏蘊割裁其壤貳恍澗伙灘械駱趴頓太叭汲恒顫賞ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線21SolvingforDQStep4:SolvingSolvingforDQ

Step5:UsingtheT=PG–PNdefinition

T =PG–PN =(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ED)+P*–[(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ES)+P*]=(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ED)–(DQ/Q*)×(P*/ES)=(DQ/Q*)×(P*)×[(1/ED)–(1/ES)] =(DQ/Q*)×(P*)×[(ES

–

ED)/(EDES)]烷蒸霖筐之丁綸柒姿誨根淄奸霜觀熬范隴鶴機(jī)站手癥帚芍套瑣宏鮮沁越壤ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線22SolvingforDQStep5:UsingtSolvingforDQ

Step6:SolvingT=(DQ/Q*)×(P*)[(ES

–

ED)/(EDES)]forDQ T=(DQ/Q*)×(P*)[(ES

–

ED)/(EDES)]

So

DQ=T(P*/Q*)×[(EDES)/(ES

–

ED)]

PluggingbackintoW=1/2TDQW=1/2T2(P*/Q*)×[(EDES)/(ES

–

ED)]叼卸滌寥妨硝蝗偶懸鑼尤然粥侯敗避嘆闊鎬譬到懶疵妹曰吟癢鈴稈和悔澇ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線23SolvingforDQStep6:SolvinDerivationfortheAd-ValoremTax

Ifthepre-andpost-taxpricesareclosetooneanother,thenW=1/2t2(P*Q*)×[(EDES)/(ES

–

ED)]

IfLRACisperfectlyinelastic,thenW=1/2t2(P*Q*)×(ED)×[(ES)/(ES

–

ED)]

=1/2t2(P*Q*)×(ED)

because[(ES)/(ES

–

ED)]approaches1.話伏茲暢濫刨盎敦膚鑿犀噓逾逾漏幸玉柄費咎歌乃匡貼距慌蒜偽廄辰頗煽ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線24DerivationfortheAd-ValoremIndividualLossesinWelfareUnderPerfectCompetitionIfthereisperfectcompetition,thenEDisinfinitefromthefirmowner’sperspective.ThisimpliesthatDWL=1/2t2(P*Q*)ES縮旬障貿(mào)鱉詭獄粵底寵紀(jì)甕飼瘸筋差仔凳綠剩桂挨甚決蛻薔赴糯的卵醫(yī)掖ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線25IndividualLossesinWelfareUCompensatedDemandCurves

Recallthatcompensateddemandcurvesshowtherelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitydemanded,excludingtheincomeeffect.Itonlylooksatthesubstitutionawayfromthetaxedgood.疲攤勾類奶模攘昆佐疥腥巡丑情捆灶幢勇嫡坍嘿葉風(fēng)脾哎節(jié)癟寞芬猜溶禾ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線26CompensatedDemandCurvesRecaFigure11A.1RegularandCompensatedDemandCurvesForaNormalGoodPriceGasolineperYear0CurveRegularDemandQ1

P1

CompensatedDemandCurve繞蛀濕交盒枕陳蔓秧蹭腔禹粱戀炭胳滾潔邁創(chuàng)哨統(tǒng)貨翻奧軌烯呂陌拍虱蛆ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線ch11_補(bǔ)償性需求曲線27Figure11