(新高考)高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義第1部分 教材知識(shí)解讀 必修第三冊(cè) Unit 2 Morals and Virtues (含答案)

Ⅰ.認(rèn)閱讀單詞1．moraladj.道德的；道義上的n．品行；道德；寓意2．dilemman．進(jìn)退兩難的境地；困境3．moraldilemma道德困境4．entrustvt.委托；交付5．physiciann．醫(yī)師；(尤指)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生6．residentphysician住院醫(yī)師7．kindergartenn．學(xué)前班；幼兒園8．insurancen．保險(xiǎn)；保險(xiǎn)業(yè)9．importn．進(jìn)口；進(jìn)口商品vt.進(jìn)口；輸入；引進(jìn)10．exportn．出口；出口商品vt.出口；輸出；傳播11．polen．(行星的)極；地極12．lapn．(坐著時(shí)的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈13．cafén．咖啡館；小餐館14．pregnantadj.懷孕的；妊娠的15．disguisevt.裝扮；假扮；掩蓋n．偽裝；化裝用具16．maplen．楓樹；槭樹17．cartn．手推車；運(yùn)貨馬車18．mightn．力量；威力19．fablen．寓言；寓言故事Ⅱ.記重點(diǎn)單詞1．virtuen．高尚的道德；美德；優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)2．faintvi.昏倒；暈厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的3．preciousadj.珍稀的；寶貴的4．tuitionn．(小組)教學(xué)；講課5．feen．專業(yè)服務(wù)費(fèi)；報(bào)酬6．unionn．協(xié)會(huì)；聯(lián)合會(huì)；工會(huì)7．hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n．租借；租用8．colleaguen．同事；同僚9．clinicn．診所；門診部10．farawayadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的11．decaden．十年；十年期12．elsewhereadv.在別處；去別處13．publishvt.發(fā)表(作品)；出版14．staffn．員工；全體職員15．principlen．道德原則；法則；原則16．passiveadj.被動(dòng)的；順從的17．whispervi.&vt.悄聲說；耳語(yǔ)；低語(yǔ)n．耳語(yǔ)(聲)；低語(yǔ)(聲)；傳言；謠傳18．midnightn．子夜；午夜19．bitevt.&vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬傷20．lipn．嘴唇21．chairmann．主席；主持人；董事長(zhǎng)22．chainn．一連串(人或事)；鏈子；鏈條23．waitressn．(餐館的)女服務(wù)員；女侍者24．spillvt.&vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)灑出；(使)溢出25．limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走26．tearn．眼淚27．despairn．絕望vi.絕望；感到無望28．courtn．(網(wǎng)球等的)球場(chǎng)；法院；法庭29．incomen．收入；收益30．perprep.每；每一31．thereforeadv.因此；所以Ⅲ.知拓展單詞1．illustratevt.(舉例)說明；闡明；給(書或文章)加插圖→illustrationn．插圖；圖解；圖示→illustratorn．插圖畫家2．marriagen．結(jié)婚；婚姻→marryv．(和某人)結(jié)婚；嫁；娶3．majorityn．大部分；大多數(shù)→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．主修課程4．complainvi.&vt.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷→complaintn．抱怨；投訴5．respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→responsen．反應(yīng)；回答；回復(fù)6．scholarshipn．獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金→scholarn．學(xué)者7．rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用→rejectionn．拒絕接受；否決8．a(chǎn)ppointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．約會(huì)；任命；委任→appointedadj.約定的；指定的9．electvt.選舉；推選→electionn．選舉；推選；當(dāng)選10．tendvt.照顧；照料vi.傾向；趨于→tendencyn．趨勢(shì)；趨向11．retirevt.&vi.退休；退職；退出→retirementn．退休→retiredadj.退休的12．savingn．節(jié)省物；節(jié)??；節(jié)約；[pl.]儲(chǔ)蓄金；存款→savevt.救；節(jié)??；儲(chǔ)蓄13．scaredadj.害怕的；對(duì)……感到驚慌或恐懼的→scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇→scaryadj.令人恐懼的14．sharpadj.(增長(zhǎng)、下跌等)急劇的；鋒利的；明顯的→sharplyadv.急劇地；嚴(yán)厲地→sharpenvt.削尖；磨快；使提高15．energeticadj.精力充沛的；充滿活力的→energyn．精力；活力；能量16．replacevt.接替；取代；更換→replacementn．更換；更替；替換的人/物17．a(chǎn)ccidentn．事故；車禍；失事→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的→accidentallyadv.偶然地18．operationn．手術(shù)；企業(yè)；經(jīng)營(yíng)→operatevt.&vi.做手術(shù)；經(jīng)營(yíng)；操作；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)→operatorn．操作員；話務(wù)員；經(jīng)營(yíng)者19．a(chǎn)ssistvt.幫助；援助→assistantn．助理；助手→assistancen．幫助；援助20．memoryn．記憶力；回憶→memoriz(s)evt.記??；記憶21．harmn．&vt.傷害；損害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmfullyadv.有害地→harmlessadj.無害的22．flexibleadj.靈活的；可變通的→flexiblyadv.靈活地→flexibilityn．靈活性23．tensionn．緊張關(guān)系；緊張；焦慮→tenseadj.緊張的；擔(dān)心的；令人緊張的Ⅳ.背核心短語(yǔ)1．carrysb.throughsth.幫助某人渡過難關(guān)2．tuitionfees學(xué)費(fèi)3．tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往會(huì)發(fā)生某事4．firstaid急救5．passaway去世6．inmemoryof作為對(duì)……的紀(jì)念7．tripover被……絆倒8．intears流著淚；含著淚9．indespair處于絕望中10．a(chǎn)greatdeal(of)大量1．compulsoryadj.義務(wù)的；強(qiáng)制的2．condemnvt.譴責(zé)；使注定3．conflictvt.沖突；斗爭(zhēng)4．consciousadj.神志清醒的；有意識(shí)的5．consequencen．結(jié)果；后果6．conservativeadj.保守的；守舊的7．considerateadj.體貼的；考慮周到的8．consistentadj.一貫的；一致的1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...(“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義)對(duì)一個(gè)人來說，沒有什么比他們的生命更加珍貴的了……2．SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.(the＋序數(shù)詞＋名詞＋todo)她隨即成為北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院婦產(chǎn)科有史以來第一位被聘為住院醫(yī)師的女性。3．ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime.(havingdone作狀語(yǔ))雖然林巧稚終身未婚，但是她被稱為“萬嬰之母”，她一生中親手接生的嬰兒有五萬多名。4．DrLindidnotretireuntilthedayshedied,22April1983.(not...until)林醫(yī)生直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天才退休。5．Nothinggoodcancometoanationwhosepeopleonlycomplainandexpectotherstosolvetheirproblems.(whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)如果一個(gè)國(guó)家的人民只會(huì)抱怨，而且指望別人來解決他們的問題，那么就不會(huì)有好的事情發(fā)生在這個(gè)國(guó)家。請(qǐng)先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該短文。eq\x(complain，scare，whisper，reject，precious，despair，replace)LiHua，anenergeticmedicalstudent，waswalkingbyakindergartenwhenanaccidenthappened.Apregnantwomantrippedoverandfainted.Seeingthis，herfirstresponsewastoconductfirstaid，butapasser-by1.whisperedtoher“Thinktwice.”Shewasinamoraldilemma.Afterashorthesitation，shechosetosendthewomantoaclinic.Aphysicianwhohadjustretiredcametoassisther.However，plainedaboutthisforfearofablackmail(訛詐)．LiHuabecame3.scared.Shehadnoincome，savingsorinsurance.Whatifthewomanaskedherforagreatdealofmoney?Maybeshecouldearntuitionfeesorworkasawaitressinanearbycaf．Herscholarshipmightalsohelp.Achainofterriblethoughtsflashingthroughhermind，shewasalmostin4.despair，andthereforecouldnotsleepuntilmidnight.Herfather’swordscarriedherthroughthehardtime.“Patientstendtoentrustadoctorwithlifeandadoctorwillsaveapatientwithallthemight.Whatis5.morepreciousthanlife?Howcanyou6.rejectyourdutyandignoreyourprinciples？”Thefollowingday，shefoundthepregnantwoman’shusbandwaitinginherclassroom.HethankedLiHuaagainandagainintears.Atlast，hertension7.wasreplacedwithpride.Afterwards，LiHuawashiredbyahospitalandacceptedbyhercolleaguesquickly.Soon，shewasabletoperformoperationsinawonderfulway.Adecadelater，shewasappointedtobechairwomanofthehospitalunion.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vi.回答；響應(yīng)；做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)(responsen．回答，答復(fù)；反應(yīng))?respondto對(duì)……做出回應(yīng)或反應(yīng)；答復(fù)?inresponseto對(duì)……的答復(fù)；對(duì)……做出反應(yīng)makea/noresponseto對(duì)……做出回應(yīng)/不予回答(1)Shemadenoresponse(respond)totheprinciple，whichmademeboilwithanger.(2)作為對(duì)您投訴信的回應(yīng)，我做出以下承諾。Inresponsetoyourletterofcomplaint，Imadethefollowingpromises.(3)每當(dāng)我向他尋求建議時(shí)，他總是立即給我回復(fù)。(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ，書面表達(dá))EverytimeIaskedhimforadvice，hewouldrespondto/makearesponsetomeimmediately.appointvt.任命；委派(appointmentn．約會(huì)；約定，預(yù)約；委任appointedadj.約定的；指定的)?appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人為……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事?make/haveanappointment(withsb.)(與某人)約會(huì)/預(yù)約(1)Ihavesomethingurgenttohandleandtherefore，Ihavetocanceltheappointment(appoint)withyou，andIwillappointmybrothertomeet(meet)youattheairport.(2)得知你已被任命為學(xué)生會(huì)主席，我真誠(chéng)地祝賀你。(應(yīng)用文寫作之祝賀信)Learningthatyouhavebeenappointedas/tobechairmanoftheStudentAssociation，Isincerelycongratulateyou.(3)我不得不向你道歉，因?yàn)槲也荒茉诩s定時(shí)間陪你去書店了。(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)Ihavetoapologizetoyoufornotbeingabletoaccompanyyoutothebookshopattheappointedtime.scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇(scaredadj.害怕的；對(duì)……感到驚慌或恐懼的scaryadj.嚇人的；恐怖的)?bescaredtodosth.害怕/不敢做某事bescaredofsb./sth.害怕某人/某事bescaredtodeath嚇得要死?scareodoingsth.恐嚇某人做某事(1)Afterwatchingascary(scare)filminthecinema，shewasscaredofwalkinghomealoneandtherefore，shecalledataxi.(2)Someparentstrytoscaretheirill-behavedchildrenintobehaving(behave)well.(3)當(dāng)我意識(shí)到那頭熊要回來攻擊我們的時(shí)候，我?guī)缀跻獓標(biāo)懒恕?2020·浙江，讀后續(xù)寫)WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus，Iwasnearlyscaredtodeath.(4)我膽怯地低著頭，不敢看爸爸那張陰云密布的臉。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)Ibowedmyheadtimidlyandwasscaredtolookatmyfather’scloudyface.assistvt.幫助；協(xié)助；援助(assistancen．幫助；協(xié)助assistantn．助手；助理)?assistsb.todo/indoingsth.幫助某人做某事assistsb.with/insth.在某方面幫助某人?come/gotoone’sassistance來/去援助某人withtheassistanceof...在……的幫助下(1)Havingagreatdealofteachingexperienceataprimaryschool，IdobelievethatIamqualifiedtobeyourteachingassistant(assist)．(2)作為對(duì)你上封信的回復(fù)，我確保我會(huì)在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)方面幫你。首先，我會(huì)幫你改正你的發(fā)音。(應(yīng)用文寫作之回復(fù)求助信)Inresponsetoyourlastletter，ImakesurethatIwillassistyouwith/inyouroralEnglish.Firstly，Iwillassistyoutocorrect/incorrectingyourpronunciation.(3)正當(dāng)這對(duì)雙胞胎擔(dān)心做不出一頓美味的母親節(jié)早餐的時(shí)候，爸爸來幫他們了。在他們爸爸的幫助下，這對(duì)雙胞胎成功了，臉上洋溢著快樂的笑容。(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)Whenthetwinswereworriedthattheycouldn’tsucceedinmakingadeliciousMother’sDaybreakfast，theirfathercametotheirassistance.Withtheassistanceoftheirfather/Withtheirfatherassistingthem，thetwinsmadeit，theirfacesbrimmingwithhappysmiles.harmn．&v．傷害；損害；危害(harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.無害的；不致傷害的)?dosb.harm/doharmtosb.對(duì)某人有害Thereisnoharm(in)doingsth.做某事無害處。?beharmfulto對(duì)……有害(1)Thephysiciansaysthatthemedicineisharmfultochildrenbutharmless(harm)toadults.(2)沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲?qū)ξ覀兊纳硇慕】涤泻?。因此，戒掉它沒有害處。(2021·全國(guó)乙)Beingaddictedtoonlinegamesisharmfulto/doesharmtoourphysicalandmentalhealth.Therefore，thereisnoharm(in)gettingridofit.agreat/gooddealof許多的；大量的?agreat/gooddealof許多的，大量的，只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。修飾可數(shù)名詞可以用agreatmany(of)。?agreat/gooddeal用作副詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用于修飾形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)來加強(qiáng)程度，也可以用來修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。?agreatdeal用作名詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“大量，許多”，作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)。(1)Thethiefranagreatdealfaster(fast)thanthepolicemanbutatlasthedidn’tescapebeingcaught.(2)他花了大量的時(shí)間和這些貧困家庭待在一起，而且他從中學(xué)到了很多東西。Hespentagreat/gooddealoftimewiththepoorfamilies，andhelearnedagreat/gooddealfromtheexperience.Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...對(duì)一個(gè)人來說，沒有什么比他們的生命更加珍貴的了……本句中形容詞比較級(jí)與否定詞連用，表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。常用的否定詞有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意義為：沒有比這更……的了。(1)還有什么比幫助別人更有意義的事嗎？(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)Isthereanythingthatismoremeaningfulthanassistingothers?(2)“我從來沒吃過比這更美味的早餐了！”媽媽激動(dòng)地回答道。(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)“Ihaveneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthisone！”themotherrespondedexcitedly.SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.她隨即成為北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院婦產(chǎn)科有史以來第一位被聘為住院醫(yī)師的女性。?此句中的不定式tobehired...作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞woman。當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)或前面有theonly，thelast，theright等時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。?在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名詞后，常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(1)Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptstocontact(contact)youfailed.(2)約翰是第一個(gè)想出做爆米花幫助伯納德掙外快的人。他相信他有能力幫助伯納德走出困境。(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)JohnwasthefirstpersontothinkofmakingpopcorntohelpBernardearnsomeextramoney.HewasconvincedthathehadtheabilitytohelpBernardoutofthedifficulty.(3)我能說一口流利的英語(yǔ)，而且我是班上唯一一個(gè)出國(guó)深造的學(xué)生。毫無疑問我是負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請(qǐng)信)IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIamtheonlystudentinmyclasstogoabroadforfurtherstudy.ThereisnodoubtthatIamthebestpersontoberesponsibleforthejob.(4)我不能錯(cuò)過這樣一個(gè)增進(jìn)彼此了解的寶貴機(jī)會(huì)。Ican’taffordtomisssuchapreciouschancetostrengtheneachother’sunderstanding.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．sharpA.adj.急劇的B.adj.敏銳的C.adj.鋒利的D.adv.整點(diǎn)地E.adj.急轉(zhuǎn)的F.adj.清晰的(1)Shestudiedtheyoungmanwithhersharpbrighteyes.B(2)Recentlytherehasbeenasharpdeclineininterestingardeningthroughoutthetown.A(3)Iwasapproachingafairlysharpbendthatsweptdownhilltotheleft.E(4)Sheplannedtounlocktheshopat8∶00sharpthenextmorning.D(5)Allthefootprintsarequitesharpandclear.F(6)Shehadherfingercutbyasharpknifebyaccidentwhileshewascuttingpotatoes.C2．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)Hetendstheflowerbedsthathehasplantedinthedriveway.料理；照顧(2)Theoperationofthismachineseemstobesimplebutinfactitisn’t.操作(3)Ithinkthemoralofthestoryistoletpeoplemindtheirownbehaviors.寓意(4)Wewillplaybasketballforhalfanhourinabasketballcourt.球場(chǎng)Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)1．It’stypicalofhimtorespondtoothers’requestsinspiteofhisownbusiness.2．Themajority(major)ofstudentsshowgreatrespectfortheirteachers.3．Hiscolleaguesassistedhimtodecorate(decorate)thehouseforhiswedding.4．Weappointedhertorepresent(represent)ustosendourcongratulationsattheweddingceremony.5．Theboyssetofffirecrackerstoscarethemonkeysintorunningaway.6．Whenthebossarrived，thejoyfulatmospherewasreplacedby/withaseriousone.7.Afterall，itisimmoraltotakeadvantageofothers’weaknesstodoharmtothem.8．Tohissurprise，hefoundagreatdealofmoneyintheenvelope.9．Somefestivalsareheldinmemoryoftheancestors.10．Ihaveneverexperiencedamoreexciting(exciting)momentthannow.Ⅰ.單句寫作——應(yīng)用文增分練感謝信——感激被任命為學(xué)生會(huì)主席1．感謝您任命我為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。(appoint)Thankyouforappointingme(tobe/as)chairmanoftheStudentUnion.2．我將是第一個(gè)幫助那些有困難的同學(xué)解決他們困境的人。(the＋序數(shù)詞＋名詞＋todo；assistsb.todo)Iwillbethefirstonetoassistthoseintroubletosolvetheirdilemmas.of)Iwillrespondtoothers’questionspatientlyandsparenoeffortto