考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（北京）考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（北京）考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Adversecircumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unfamiliar

B.local

C.unfavorable

D.good

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：……環(huán)境迫使他關(guān)閉了生意。A選項(xiàng)unfamiliar“不熟悉的，沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”；B選項(xiàng)local“當(dāng)?shù)氐模植康摹?；C選項(xiàng)unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D選項(xiàng)good“好的”。根據(jù)下文的“closehisbusiness”可知，肯定是不好的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致他停業(yè)，adverse意為“不利的”，選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

2.單選題

Everyoneshouldbefreetoenjoytherightsandfreedoms______intheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidinto

C.laiddown

D.laidoff

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.laidout展示；安排B.laidinto痛打；痛斥

C.laiddown放下；制定D.laidoff解雇；休息

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息therightsandfreedoms（權(quán)利和自由）和theUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights（《世界人權(quán)宣言》）可知，《世界人權(quán)宣言》規(guī)定了人們享有的權(quán)利和自由，空格處表示“制定，規(guī)定”符合句意，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】人人都應(yīng)享有《世界人權(quán)宣言》規(guī)定的權(quán)利和自由。

3.單選題

Ifit（）toomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupofcoffee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadn’tbeen

B.isn’t

C.weren’t

D.maynotbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：如果不是很麻煩，我想要來(lái)杯咖啡。本題的would是一種委婉、禮貌的語(yǔ)氣，表示請(qǐng)求，所以if從句是一個(gè)真實(shí)條件句，不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Duringthesummerholidayseasonthereareno（）roomsinthisseasidehotel.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.empty

B.blank

C.deserted

D.vacant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)empty“空的；無(wú)意義的；無(wú)知的；徒勞的”，一般指可容納人或者物的容器還未容納進(jìn)去；B選項(xiàng)blank“空白的；空虛的；單調(diào)的”，一般指表面無(wú)字跡的；C選項(xiàng)deserted“荒蕪的；被遺棄的；無(wú)人居住的”；D選項(xiàng)vacant“空的；空缺的；空閑的”，多側(cè)重于指某個(gè)位置沒(méi)有人居住或者占用導(dǎo)致空閑的。由本句關(guān)鍵詞“rooms”（房間）可知，這里是指沒(méi)有空余的房間，所以與vacant相對(duì)應(yīng)。句意：在夏季假期期間，這家海濱旅館沒(méi)有空房了。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theirrefusaltocompromiseisamajor（）thatstandsinthewayoffurtherpace.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complication

B.danger

C.obstacle

D.hazard

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complication“并發(fā)癥，復(fù)雜”；B選項(xiàng)danger“危險(xiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)obstacle“障礙”；D選項(xiàng)hazard“危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。句意：他們拒絕妥協(xié)是阻礙進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的主要（）。這里原句表達(dá)的意思是“阻礙進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的障礙”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmattersasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwriting,anddevelopmentalmathematics.

Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Themanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyearaswellasnewwaysofreportingpupils’progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.

Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatrip,andengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.

Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematicsandatthesametime,enjoyingthework.

Toooften,however,teachers’conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren’smisdemeanors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionsforpenaltiesandrewardsathome.

Whatisneededisamorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatarechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.

Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters’capacities.

1.Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovepassageisthat（）.

2.Theauthordirectlydiscussesthefactthat（）.

3.Amethodofparent-teachercommunicationNotmentionedorreferredtobytheauthoris（）.

4.Itismostreasonabletoinferthattheauthorisa(n)（）.

5.Theauthorwouldmostapproveofwhichofthefollowingparentalactivitiestoassistinthelearningofcompositionandwritingskills?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparents.

B.teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheschool.

C.parentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurricularobjectives.

D.parentshavearesponsibilitytohelpstudentstodotheirhomework.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.parentsdrilltheirchildrentoomuchinarithmetic.

B.thereisnotsufficientindividualinstructionintheclassroom.

C.principalshaveexplainedthenewartprogramstoparents.

D.aparent’smisguidedeffortscanberedirectedtoproperchannels.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.demonstrationlesson

B.informalteas

C.classesforparents

D.newprogressreportforms

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.professorofeducation

B.collegeteacher

C.elementary-schoolteacher

D.parent

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.onehourofsupervisedwritingexercisesnightly.

B.encouragingthechildtowriteletterstorelatives.

C.reviewingallthechild’swrittenschool-work.

D.givingthechildmoneyforgoodgradesonwrittenwork.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.”，可知不管我們認(rèn)為學(xué)校生活有多重要，孩子們呆在家里的時(shí)間比呆在教室里的時(shí)間多這一事實(shí)是不容否認(rèn)的。因此，父母的巨大影響不能被老師忽視或輕視。們可以成為學(xué)校工作人員的盟友，也可以有意無(wú)意地阻礙課程目標(biāo)?？膳袛喑隼蠋熀图议L(zhǎng)之間是合作的關(guān)系，并且能夠共同對(duì)學(xué)校的教育安排構(gòu)成影響，所以教師可以也應(yīng)該幫助家長(zhǎng)理解和推進(jìn)學(xué)校的目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，“asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatarechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.”，可知教師作為一名專業(yè)顧問(wèn)，在父母的頭腦中植入更多的方法，以便最好地利用孩子在課堂之外的時(shí)間。上文也通過(guò)多個(gè)例子說(shuō)明了老師可以引導(dǎo)家長(zhǎng)更好的發(fā)揮他們的輔導(dǎo)作用，合力促進(jìn)學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。可推斷出父母錯(cuò)誤的努力可以在老師的指導(dǎo)下，轉(zhuǎn)向正確的方向。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段，“Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshops”，選項(xiàng)C可排除；根據(jù)文章第三段，“newwaysofreportingpupils’progress”，選項(xiàng)D可排除；根據(jù)文章第二段，“Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.”，選項(xiàng)B可排除。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推斷題。文章主要提到了學(xué)?？梢暂o導(dǎo)家長(zhǎng)，使家長(zhǎng)了解學(xué)校的教學(xué)方法和教學(xué)計(jì)劃，然后促進(jìn)學(xué)校教學(xué)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。家長(zhǎng)也是教育不可忽視的一環(huán)，只有學(xué)校和家長(zhǎng)共同努力才能促進(jìn)青少年的全面發(fā)展?？芍恼轮饕岬降氖墙逃龑W(xué)的內(nèi)容，可推斷出作者最有可能是一位教育學(xué)教授。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatrip,andengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.”，可知如果一名家長(zhǎng)想提高孩子的算術(shù)能力，他可能會(huì)被說(shuō)服讓孩子參與討論家庭預(yù)算、購(gòu)買食物、在家里使用碼尺或量杯、設(shè)置時(shí)鐘、計(jì)算旅行里程，以及從事許多其他有數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的活動(dòng)?？膳袛喑鲎髡哔澩ㄟ^(guò)將知識(shí)運(yùn)用到生活中來(lái)提高某種能力。所以要想提高孩子的寫作技能，鼓勵(lì)孩子給親戚寫信是作者最贊成的方式。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”

Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.

Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.

Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate（波動(dòng)）persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.

Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.

Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.

Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1.088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.

1.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto（

）.

2.Soundisproducedby

（

）.

3.Decibelis

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound

B.amachine

C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist

D.thepilotoftheplane

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair

B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond

C.thunders

D.aflyingplane

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves

B.thepressureofradiatingwaves

C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound

D.thespeedofsound

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.

B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.

C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.

D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThePrefixMach.

B.TheSpeedofSound.

C.TheFrequencyofSound.

D.TheIntensityofSound.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”（馬赫被定義為“在被考慮的媒介中，火箭或飛機(jī)的速度與聲速的比率”）可知選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules（聲音是由物體的振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的，并通過(guò)分子的物質(zhì)介質(zhì)向外輻射的壓力的交替增加和減少而傳播）可知A選項(xiàng)“物體通過(guò)空氣的振動(dòng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞decibel定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中，由Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.（強(qiáng)度，或響度，是這些輻射波的壓力強(qiáng)度，以分貝為單位）可知C選項(xiàng)“測(cè)量聲音強(qiáng)度的單位”符合題意。

4.推理判讀題。文章最后一段的“Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.（它在其他溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中變化）”中的it指的是前句中的“thespendofsound（聲音的速度）”，然后介紹了在不同介質(zhì)中傳播的速度不同，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音以不同的速度在不同的溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中傳播”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)僅適合文章第一段的主題；C選項(xiàng)僅適合第四段和第五段的主題；D選項(xiàng)僅適合第六段的主題。文章首段與尾段都提到了聲音的速度，中間也有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音的速度”符合題意。

8.單選題

Shehastakengreatpainstoconcealheremotions,andtherebymadethem（

）conspicuous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allthemore

B.allthemuch

C.allmore

D.allmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：她竭力隱藏她的情緒，但是她卻讓他們更加明顯了。這里選固定搭配A選項(xiàng)allthemore“更加”；其他選項(xiàng)不能作為副詞修飾conspicuous這個(gè)形容詞。

9.單選題

Ihaveneverlaid（）tobeinganexpertinthisfield.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reclaim

B.exclamation

C.affirmation

D.claim

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。layclaimto“聲稱……的權(quán)力，自稱有知識(shí)等”。句意：我從不認(rèn)為自己是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

10.翻譯題

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性選擇理論

理性選擇理論，也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論，是用于理解社會(huì)，正式對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的框架。理性，被解釋為“對(duì)最大利益的追求”，在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)模型中被廣泛用作個(gè)人行為的假設(shè)，并出現(xiàn)在幾乎所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書中關(guān)于人類決策的處理。它也是現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和哲學(xué)的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯(lián)系起來(lái)，這涉及到尋求最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)特定目標(biāo)，而不考慮該目標(biāo)的價(jià)值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運(yùn)用理性行為者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

在理性選擇理論中，這些成本僅是非本質(zhì)的或外部的，而不是本質(zhì)的或者內(nèi)部的。也就是說(shuō)，嚴(yán)格的理性選擇理論不會(huì)根據(jù)罪犯的內(nèi)心的悔恨，內(nèi)疚，或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，理性選擇理論并不涉及個(gè)人道德或倫理意識(shí)在決策中的作用。因此，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者AmartyaSen認(rèn)為，遵循理性選擇模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

11.單選題

Hisflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singular

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題干flamboyant“炫耀的，浮夸的”。A項(xiàng)“迂回的；不正直的”，B項(xiàng)“幽默的”，C項(xiàng)“單一的；異常的”，D項(xiàng)“炫耀的，浮夸的”，因此只有D符合。句意：他浮夸的性格結(jié)合了機(jī)智和感性。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.

Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.ButthevillagesIstayedinhadmuchincommon—poor,dirtyandbackward.Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.IhadcometobelievethatwhatwashappeningintheThirdWorldwasmoreimportantthananythingelse.Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,IfeltthatIfirsthadtotryandsharetheirwayoflife.

IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.Itookthebusfromtownalongarockyroad.Thencamearoughwalkdownasteeppathtotheriver.AfterthisIbegantheclimbintothehills.WheneverIstoppedtocatchmybreath,therewasabeautifulscene.Afterseveralhours’walkthevillagecameintosight.

1.AfterthewriterhadarrivedinIndia,（）.

2.Whilelookingforatypicalvillage,thewriterfound（）.

3.BeforecomingtoIndia,thewriter（）.

4.Thewritedecidedtochangehiswayoflifebecause（）.

5.Thevillagethewriterfinallychosetolivein（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hespentayearwritingabouttheplacehelivedin

B.hespentquitesometimelookingforasuitableplacetolivein

C.hestayedinanIndianvillageworkingforthepoor

D.helivedinaHimalayancommunityformanymonths

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hewassearchingfortheimpossible

B.allthevillageswereexactlythesame

C.hewasdoingsomethingenjoyable

D.thevillagerswerecuriousabouthim

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeenasuccessfulpolitician

B.hadmadeadecisiontoworkforIndia

C.hadstudiedIndiacultureforsomemonths

D.hadworkedfornewspapersandmagazines

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.henolongerfoundhisworkinteresting

B.hehopedtoliveapeacefullifeinthecountryside

C.hewantedtofindoutmoreabouttheThirdWorld

D.hewantedtotryhisluckinaforeigncountry

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.layattheendofarockyroad

B.hadabeautifulsightoftheriver

C.wasashortwalkfromtheriver

D.hadbetterweatherthanthoseintheplains

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第一段首句IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.（一年前，我來(lái)到印度，想找到一個(gè)可以生活和寫作的村莊，但過(guò)了好幾個(gè)月，我才愉快地在這個(gè)喜馬拉雅社區(qū)安頓下來(lái)）可知選B選項(xiàng)“他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間找一個(gè)合適的地方住”，A選項(xiàng)“他花了一年的時(shí)間寫他居住過(guò)的地方”，C選項(xiàng)“他住在印度的一個(gè)村子里，為窮人干活”，A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)原文沒(méi)有提及，D選項(xiàng)“他在一個(gè)喜馬拉雅社區(qū)住了好幾個(gè)月”，原文只說(shuō)了在喜馬拉雅社區(qū)安頓下來(lái)，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)多久，因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第二段的首句Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.（我浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間尋找“典型的”村莊。然而，這樣的事情并不存在）可知A選項(xiàng)“他在搜索不可能的事”正確，B選項(xiàng)“所有的村莊都一模一樣”，原文第二段的第三句Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.可得知每個(gè)村莊之間的情況都是很不一樣的，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)“他在做一些令人愉快的事情”，C選項(xiàng)原文沒(méi)有提及，D選項(xiàng)“村民們對(duì)他很好奇”第二段的第五句Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.可得知村民們自己也常常感到困惑和懷疑，而不是好奇。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段的第六句“WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.”（我為什么要來(lái)？我放下了政治記者的工作，因?yàn)槲业南敕ㄒ呀?jīng)改變了）可知選D選項(xiàng)“曾經(jīng)為報(bào)紙和雜志工作過(guò)”。作者放棄了政治記者的工作來(lái)到了印度，也就是說(shuō)來(lái)印度之前作者是一個(gè)政治記者。A選項(xiàng)“是一個(gè)成功的政治家”，文中說(shuō)的是政治記者，而不是政治家，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，B選項(xiàng)“決定為印度工作”，C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)印度文化好幾個(gè)月了”，在原文均沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,（他的想法改變是希望了解和體驗(yàn)發(fā)展中國(guó)家人們的生活和未來(lái)）可知選擇C選項(xiàng)“他想更多的了解第三世界”，A選項(xiàng)“他不再覺(jué)得他的工作有趣了”，B選項(xiàng)“他希望在鄉(xiāng)下過(guò)平靜的生活”，D選項(xiàng)“他想在外國(guó)碰碰運(yùn)氣”，在原文均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文末段首句IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.（最后，我選擇了一個(gè)山村，因?yàn)槟抢锉绕皆系拇迩f涼快一點(diǎn)）可知選擇D選項(xiàng)“比平原上的天氣好”。A選項(xiàng)“躺在崎嶇道路的盡頭”，B選項(xiàng)“可以看到河邊的美景”，C選項(xiàng)“離河不遠(yuǎn)”，在原文均沒(méi)有提及，因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense這種策略通常是實(shí)現(xiàn)另一個(gè)社區(qū)的代價(jià),”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通過(guò)這種做法帶來(lái)的就業(yè)和相關(guān)收入的轉(zhuǎn)移，一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的勝利可能成為另一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的悲劇”，可知，在八十年代以前，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都是本地化的，只能為自己所在的社區(qū)帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。C項(xiàng)“它們可以為它們所處的地區(qū)提供真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益?！闭_。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企業(yè)只雇傭了一小部分受過(guò)專門訓(xùn)練的制造勞動(dòng)力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土產(chǎn)業(yè)和人才被留在國(guó)內(nèi)，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)既提供就業(yè)又促進(jìn)進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)業(yè)的環(huán)境”。可知作者是對(duì)本土的企業(yè)持有比較樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs這種辦法比奪走其他地理地區(qū)的工作而使其受害要好”可知與B項(xiàng)“它不會(huì)犧牲一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力的利益而使另一個(gè)勞動(dòng)力受益?！毕喾?。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要目的在于通過(guò)講解三種不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展策略，告訴讀者哪種發(fā)展策略優(yōu)勢(shì)比較明顯，同時(shí)三種發(fā)展策略對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有哪些好的促進(jìn)作用。故D項(xiàng)“審查和評(píng)估用于刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略和方案?！狈项}意。

14.單選題

“Veryfewpeopleliketotalkabouthowmuchmoneytheymake—especiallypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,”wroteSalmoninhispostWhySalariesShouldn’tBeSecret,inthewakeofnewsthatrecently—departedNewYorkTimeseditorJillAbramsonhadstartedaskingquestionsaboutthepaydiscrepancybetweenherandherpredecessor.“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.”

Thereareseveralsurprisingreasons.“Secrecysurroundingpayisgenerallyabadideaforanyorganizations,”Salmonwrote.“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen,”Salmonwrote.“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.”

“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”

“Ifyouworkforacompanywhereeverybodyknowswhateverybodyelseisearning,thenit’sgoingtobeveryeasytoseewhat’sgoingon.You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.WhatisapossiblereasonwhymenusuallyearnmorethanwomenaccordingtoSalmon?

3.Theitalicizedphrase“playfavoriteswith”mostlikelymeansto______.

4.Anotherbigproblemsecrecyaboutpaymightcauseis______.

5.WhatdoesSalmonsuggestmighthappenifthereisnosecrecyinpay?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Salmonisthefirstwriterwhoputforwardthequestionofpaydiscrepancy.

B.JillAbramsonleftNewYorkTimeswhensheknewthatdifferenceinpay.

C.Managersseldomtalkabouttheirpaybecauseitisatraditionnotto.

D.JillAbramsondidn’tgetthesamepaywithsomeonewhodidthesamejob.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Menaremorelikelytogetthetrustoftheirboss.

B.Managerstendtothinkmenaremorecapablethanwomen.

C.Menexpectmorepressureonthebossforpayraisethanwomen.

D.Menaremorelikelytomakesecretdealwiththemanageraboutpay.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.makesecretdealswith

B.treatdifferently

C.showprejudiceagainst

D.cheat

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.employees’lackoffullcommitment

B.lowproductivity

C.unhappyemployees

D.frequentconfrontations

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Managerswillearnlessthantheydotoday.

B.Employeeswillbemoreskilledthantoday.

C.Itwillbeclearwhotheboss’sfavoriteis.

D.Thecompanywillbecomeafairerplacethantoday.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.（由于公司往往是由賺大錢的人經(jīng)營(yíng)的，其結(jié)果是在薪酬方面形成了一種沉默和保密的文化。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們很少談?wù)撍麄兊男匠?，因?yàn)檫@是一種傳統(tǒng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“薩爾蒙是第一個(gè)提出工資差距問(wèn)題的作家”文中沒(méi)有說(shuō)到；B選項(xiàng)“吉爾?艾布拉姆森知道工資的差別后離開了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》”文章也沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)到這二者有因果關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)“吉爾?艾布拉姆森沒(méi)有和做同樣工作的人得到同樣的報(bào)酬”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中只提到吉爾?艾布拉姆森質(zhì)疑她和自己前輩的工資差異，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)到他們是否是做的同樣的工作，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen.（一方面，工資保密對(duì)女性不利，因?yàn)榕员饶行愿簧朴谝蠹有?。如果男人偷偷地要求加薪，然后偷偷地得到加薪，而女人卻沒(méi)有，那么這就有助于解釋，至少在一定程度上，為什么男人最終會(huì)比女人掙得多。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“男人更容易和經(jīng)理就工資問(wèn)題做秘密交易”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男人更容易得到老板的信任”；B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們傾向于認(rèn)為男人比女人更有能力”以及C選項(xiàng)“男性施加給經(jīng)理的加薪壓力比女性更大”文章都沒(méi)有提及，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.（關(guān)于薪酬的保密也是一個(gè)很好的方法，可以讓管理者有意識(shí)或無(wú)意識(shí)地與員工達(dá)成某種協(xié)議）”以及前文可知A選項(xiàng)“與……做秘密交易”與playfavoritewith意思更接近。B選項(xiàng)“區(qū)別對(duì)待”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)……有偏見(jiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)“欺騙”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,since