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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Themostobviousandleastnoticedman-mademarvelinCaliforniaisitshighwaysystem.Itisanengineeringeventonthescaleofthetranscontinentalrailroad,over15,000mileslongandfiftyyearsinthemaking.Byalongmeasure,itisthebesthighwaysysteminthecountry,whichmeansthatitisthebesthighwaysystemintheworld.California,itsvariousdepartmentsandagencies,hastaughtnumberlessnationshowtobuildmodemroads,andiftheworldisnowlessconvincedaboutthenecessityofsuperhighwaysthatitusedtobe,thathasmoretodowithgeologythanwithdesignandengineering.

TheCaliforniahighwaysystemisalsowheremanyofuslearnedthepleasuresofmotoring.Muchhasbeenwrittenabout(California’sloveaffairwiththeautomobile,andmuchofitiswrong.Tobesure,afewcitizenslavishaninordinateamountofattentionontheircars,butformostofusroutinemaintenanceandasportylittleironcladwarrantyareallnecessary.Therealpleasuresoftheroadhavetodowithdrivingtheexperienceratherthanthevehicle,theverbratherthanthenoun.Thepleasuresofdrivingareanobviousextensionofthepleasuresofthetrail,theprogressiverevelationofnaturalwondersandculturalinformation.Drivingisanaestheticexperiencesocommonplacethatitisfrequentlyignored,yetabaddriveisaspainfulasabadpaintingandrequiresmuchmorestaminatoendure.ForAmericans,drivingisalsonearlyuniversal;morepeoplehaverevealedinagooddrivethanhave,say,attendedabaseballgameorgottendivorced.

Soitisthegooddrivesthatwecelebratehere.Thefollowinglistisarbitraryandpersonal—andincomplete.IhavenotdriveneveryroadinCalifornia,Ihaveheard,forinstance,that299fromReddingtoAlturasisworthadetour(繞道),butIhavenotincludeditbecauseI’veneverdoneit.Callthislistrather,atalkingpaper,aworkinprogress,asetofnominations(thereareonlysevendrivesonit,whichsuggeststhattheCaliforniatoptenhasthreeslotsopen).Mycriteriaweremostlypredictablescenicbeauty,surprise,transformation,easeofdriving,trafficflow,plusaleaveningofwhim.Theyarelistedinavagueorderofreference,asfollows.

1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthefirstparagraph?

2.ItisonCaliforniahighwaysthatmanypeople______.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,afewcitizenstendto______.

4.Thesecondparagraphsuggeststhedrivingis______.

5.IftheauthorintroducessomeroadsinCaliforniatothereaderinthefollowingparagraph,howmanyroadsaretotheintroduced?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheCaliforniahighwaysystemisawonder.

B.Californiahasanadvantageingeologyandgeography.

C.RoadsinCaliforniaareallsuperhighways.

D.Highwayswon’tbenecessaryinthefuture.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.learntomotorcycle

B.begintoenjoydriving

C.fallinlove

D.learnhowtodrive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.taketoomuchcareoftheircars

B.Ignorethemaintenanceoftheircars

C.paintwhiledrivingalongtheroads

D.lacktheabilitytoappreciatethebeauty

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.consideredaworld-widegamebyAmericans

B.asinterestingaswatchingbaseballgames

C.averypopularentertainmentforAmericans

D.oneofthereasonsofsomedivorces

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.3

B.7

C.10

D.299

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“第一段作者想要告訴我們什么?”。文章第一段開頭提到Themostobviousandleastnoticedman-mademarvelinCaliforniaisitshighwaysystem.(加州最明顯、最不引人注意的人造奇跡是高速公路系統(tǒng)),接著就加州的高速公路系統(tǒng)展開了論述,故A項(xiàng)“加州的高速公路系統(tǒng)是個(gè)奇跡”正確;B項(xiàng)“加州在地質(zhì)和地理上有優(yōu)勢(shì)”、C項(xiàng)“加州的公路都是高速公路”和D項(xiàng)“高速公路在未來(lái)是沒有必要的”沒有提到。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在加州高速公路上許多人……”。根據(jù)第二段第一句TheCaliforniahighwaysystemisalsowheremanyofuslearnedthepleasuresofmotoring.(加州高速公路系統(tǒng)也是大部分的我們了解到駕駛樂趣的地方)可知,B項(xiàng)“開始享受駕駛”正確;A項(xiàng)“學(xué)會(huì)摩托車”和D項(xiàng)“學(xué)會(huì)開車”都屬于駕駛;C項(xiàng)“墜入愛河”沒有提到。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的說法,少數(shù)公民傾向于……”。文章第二段第三句提到Tobesure,afewcitizenslavishaninordinateamountofattentionontheircars,butformostofusroutinemaintenanceandasportylittleironcladwarrantyareallnecessary.(誠(chéng)然,少數(shù)市民在他們的汽車上花費(fèi)了過多的精力,但對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說,例行維護(hù)和小小的保修都是必要的)可知,A項(xiàng)“過多關(guān)注他們的汽車”正確;B項(xiàng)“忽視他們的汽車維護(hù)”這是以過多關(guān)注汽車為前提的,故不選;C項(xiàng)“在路上開車時(shí)刷漆”沒有提到;D項(xiàng)“缺乏欣賞美的能力”,文中只是提到“開車作為一種常見的審美體驗(yàn)經(jīng)常被忽視”,并沒有提到缺乏。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第二段暗示駕駛是……”。第二段最后一句指出ForAmericans,drivingisalsonearlyuniversal;morepeoplehaverevealedinagooddrivethanhave,say,attendedabaseballgameorgottendivorced.(對(duì)美國(guó)人來(lái)說,駕駛幾乎是非常普遍的事情;比起去看棒球賽或離婚的人,更多的人在良好的駕駛中展露出來(lái)),可知在美國(guó),駕駛是一件很普遍的事情,且前面提到駕駛是一種樂趣,所以是一個(gè)大眾娛樂,C項(xiàng)“對(duì)美國(guó)人來(lái)說是一個(gè)大眾娛樂”正確;由此可知A項(xiàng)“被美國(guó)人視為一個(gè)遍布世界的活動(dòng)”錯(cuò)誤;關(guān)于B項(xiàng)“和看棒球比賽一樣有趣”和D項(xiàng)“離婚的其中原因之一”,文中只是把看棒球比賽的人和離婚的人與駕駛的人們進(jìn)行了比較,重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)駕駛是一種大眾娛樂,并沒有提到這兩項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“如果作者在接下來(lái)的段落中向讀者介紹了一些加州的道路,那么有多少條路可以被介紹給讀者?”。最后一段提到thereareonlysevendrivesonit,whichsuggeststhattheCaliforniatoptenhasthreeslotsopen.(名單上只有7條道路,這意味著加州前10名還有3個(gè)空缺)可知,有7條道路可以介紹給讀者,B項(xiàng)正確;由此也可知A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不正確;D項(xiàng)在最后一段中的299fromReddingtoAlturasisworthadetour(從雷丁到阿爾圖拉斯的299路值得繞道而行)提到,可知299只是一條道路的編號(hào)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

“Avoidcompulsion,”saidPlatointheRepublic,“andletyourchildren’slessonstaketheformofplay.”Horace,amongothers,recommendedrewardingachildwithcakes.ErasmustellsofanEnglishgentlemanwhotriedtoteachhissonGreekandLatinwithoutpunishment.HetaughttheboytouseabowandarrowandsetuptargetsintheshapeofGreekandLatinletters,rewardingeachhitwithacherry.Healsofedtheboyletterscutfromdeliciousbiscuits.Privilegesandfavorsareoftensuggested,andtheteachermaybepersonallyreinforcingasfriendorentertainer.Inindustrialeducationstudentsarepaidforlearning.Certainexplicitcontrivedreinforcers,suchasmarks,grades,anddiplomas,arecharacteristicofeducationasaninstitution.(Thesesuggestprogress,butlikeprogresstheymustbemadereinforcingforotherreasons.)Prizesareintrinsicallyreinforcing.Honorsandmedalsderivetheirpowerfromprestigeoresteem.Thisvariesbetweenculturesandepochs.In1876OscarWilde,then22yearsoldandhalfwaytowardhisB.A.atOxford,gota“firstinMods.”Hewrotetoafriend:“...IdidnotknowwhatIhadgottillthenextmorningat12o’clock,breakfastingattheMitre,IreaditintheTimes.AltogetherIswaggeredhorriblybutamreallypleasedwithmyself.Mypoormotherisingreatdelight,andIwasoverwhelmedwithtelegramsonThursdayfromeveryoneIknew.”Thecontemporarystudentgraduatingsummacumlaudeislesswidelyacclaimed.

Althoughfreeofsomeoftheby-productsofaversivecontrol,positivereinforcersofthissortarenotwithouttheirproblems.Manyareeffectiveonlyincertainstatesofdeprivationwhicharenotalwayseasilyarranged.Makingastudenthungryinordertoreinforcehimwithfoodwouldraisepersonalissueswhicharenotentirelyavoidedwithotherkindsofreinforcers.Wecannotallgetprizes,andifsomestudentsgetshighgrades,othersmustgetlow.

Butthemainproblemagainisthecontingencies.Muchofwhatthechildistodoinschooldoesnothavetheformofplay,withitsnaturallyreinforcingconsequences,noristhereanynaturalconnectionwithfoodorapassinggradeoramedal.Suchcontingenciesmustbearrangedbytheteacher,andthearrangementisoftendefective.TheboymentionedbyErasmusmayhavesalivatedslightlyuponseekingaGreekorLatintext,andhewasprobablyabetterarcher,buthisknowledgeofGreekandLatincouldnothavebeenappreciablyimproved.Gradesarealmostalwaysgivenlongafterthestudenthadstoppedbehavingasastudent.Wemustknowthatsuchcontingenciesareweakbecausewewouldneverusethemtoshapeskilledbehavior.Inindustrialeducationpayisusuallybythehour—inotherwords,contingentmainlyonbeingpresent.Scholarshipsarecontingentonagenerallevelofperformance.Allthesecontingenciescouldnodoubtbeimproved,butthereisprobablygoodreasonwhytheyremaindefective.

26.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“Englishgentleman”believedthatgoodteachingutilized______.

27.TheparentheticalremarkinParagraph1(Thesesuggestprogress...forotherreasons)isintendedtocautioneducatorsagainst______.

28.Thispassageindicatesthat“culturesandepochs”(Paragraph1)varyinwaysthat______.

29.TheWildestoryinParagraph1,“In1876…everyoneIknew,”isintendedtoillustrate______.

30.Thispassagementionswhichofthefollowingas“problems”(Paragraph2)inherentintheuseofpositivereinforcersineducation?

I.difficultiesinschedulingthereinforcers

II.limitationsinthesupplyofreinforcers

III.thefactthatrewardsencourageonlysuperficiallearning

31.Inthefinalparagraphofthispassage,theauthorsuggeststhatgradesareproblematicasreinforcersbecausethey______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.punishment

B.well-writtenbooks

C.reward

D.carefulgrading

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.failingtomakegradesanddiplomasmeaningfultostudents

B.punishingstudentsunnecessarily

C.emphasizingentertainmentoverrigor

D.usingrewardsasreinforcers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.universitieschoosefromamongtheirapplicants

B.academicawardsareeffectiveasmotivations

C.universitiesteachliterature

D.themediaportrayeducationalcrisis

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.howafamousauthorusedrewardstoteachhisstudents

B.thedangerouseffectsofusingacademicrewards

C.thepointthatPlatomakesinthefirstsentence

D.howthemodernculturalperceptionofacademichonorsdiffersfromthatofapreviousera

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.IandIIIonly

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.cannotbegiventoeverystudent

B.arenotpublicizedenough

C.arenotgivenimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehaviorisexhibited

D.arenotasusefultothestudentasmoney

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:C

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“Englishgentleman”believedthatgoodteachingutilized______.26.可以推斷,“英國(guó)紳士”認(rèn)為好的教學(xué)是通過______來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

A.punishmentA.懲罰

B.well-writtenbooksB.好的書

C.rewardC.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

D.carefulgradingD.認(rèn)真的評(píng)分

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第三至五句“伊拉斯謨講述了一位英國(guó)紳士試圖不使用懲罰來(lái)教他的兒子希臘語(yǔ)和拉丁語(yǔ)的故事。他教男孩使用弓和箭,并設(shè)置希臘和拉丁字母形狀的靶子,每擊中一次獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)一顆櫻桃。他還把從美味的餅干上剪下來(lái)的字母喂給小男孩吃。”,從中我們可知,英國(guó)紳士是通過獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)教兒子,那么我們推斷,英國(guó)紳士認(rèn)為好的教學(xué)是通過獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,所以C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反,英國(guó)紳士是不使用懲罰來(lái)教學(xué)的,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;

B、D選項(xiàng)沒有提到,并不是英國(guó)紳士的教學(xué)手段,屬于無(wú)中生有。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.TheparentheticalremarkinParagraph1(Thesesuggestprogress...forotherreasons)isintendedtocautioneducatorsagainst______.27.第1段的插入語(yǔ)Thesesuggestprogress...forotherreasons是為了提醒教育工作者不要______。

A.failingtomakegradesanddiplomasmeaningfultostudentsA.使得成績(jī)和文憑對(duì)學(xué)生沒有意義

B.punishingstudentsunnecessarilyB.不必要地懲罰學(xué)生

C.emphasizingentertainmentoverrigorC.強(qiáng)調(diào)娛樂多于嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)

D.usingrewardsasreinforcersD.使用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)作為強(qiáng)化物

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到文中第一段第九句插入語(yǔ)“這意味著進(jìn)步,但與進(jìn)步一樣,由于其他原因,它們必須得到加強(qiáng)(theymustbemadereinforcing)”,而前一句是提到“某些明確的人為強(qiáng)化條件,如分?jǐn)?shù)、成績(jī)和文憑,是教育作為一種機(jī)構(gòu)的特征”,從這可知,某些人為的強(qiáng)化條件對(duì)教育是有作用的,但是同樣需要reinforcing(強(qiáng)化);那么根據(jù)第十句“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)具有內(nèi)在的加強(qiáng)作用(Prizesareintrinsicallyreinforcing)”我們可知,這些人為強(qiáng)化條件可以使用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)作為強(qiáng)化物,所以D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反,原文提到的是成績(jī)和文憑等人為強(qiáng)化條件對(duì)教育是有作用的,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;

B、C選項(xiàng)在這沒有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.Thispassageindicatesthat“culturesandepochs”(Paragraph1)varyinwaysthat______.28.這篇文章第1段指出,“文化和時(shí)代”在______方面不同。

A.universitieschoosefromamongtheirapplicantsA.在大學(xué)選擇申請(qǐng)者

B.academicawardsareeffectiveasmotivationsB.學(xué)術(shù)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是有效的動(dòng)機(jī)

C.universitiesteachliteratureC.大學(xué)教授文學(xué)

D.themediaportrayeducationalcrisisD.媒體描繪教育危機(jī)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的信息定位到第一段第十一句“這一點(diǎn)因文化和時(shí)代的不同而不同(Thisvariesbetweenculturesandepochs)”,其中this指的是上一句提到的“榮譽(yù)和獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌牧α縼?lái)自聲望和尊重”,所以我們可知,榮譽(yù)和獎(jiǎng)?wù)聲?huì)因文化和時(shí)代的不同而變化,而榮譽(yù)和獎(jiǎng)?wù)露紝儆谝环N獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。隨后,作者用OscarWilde舉了一個(gè)例子,他獲得了“牛津大學(xué)文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位考試第一名”,于是他給朋友寫了一封信“我不知道我得到了什么,直到第二天早上12點(diǎn),在教堂吃早餐時(shí),我在《泰晤士報(bào)》上看到了我得第一名的消息……星期四那天,我收到了一大堆我認(rèn)識(shí)的人發(fā)來(lái)的電報(bào)”;然后提到了當(dāng)代的情況:“而當(dāng)代以最優(yōu)秀成績(jī)畢業(yè)的學(xué)生(contemporarystudent)就沒那么受歡迎了(lesswidelyacclaimed)”;從中我們可知,當(dāng)代和以前對(duì)于優(yōu)秀學(xué)生的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)方式不同。因此,我們可以推斷,獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)作為一種動(dòng)機(jī)是因“時(shí)代和文化”的不同而變化,B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)沒有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有;

D選項(xiàng)中的educationalcrisis并沒有提到,文中提到的是報(bào)刊這類媒體是用來(lái)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)學(xué)生聲望和尊重的,該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.TheWildestoryinParagraph1,“In1876…everyoneIknew,”isintendedtoillustrate______.29.第一段中Wilde的故事(In1876…everyoneIknew)是為了說明______。

A.howafamousauthorusedrewardstoteachhisstudentsA.一位著名作家是如何用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)教育他的學(xué)生的

B.thedangerouseffectsofusingacademicrewardsB.使用學(xué)術(shù)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的危險(xiǎn)后果

C.thepointthatPlatomakesinthefirstsentenceC.柏拉圖在第一句話中提出的觀點(diǎn)

D.howthemodernculturalperceptionofacademichonorsdiffersfromthatofapreviouseraD.現(xiàn)代文化對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)榮譽(yù)的認(rèn)知與以往有何不同

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到文章第一段末尾,這里提到了Wilde的故事,他獲得了“牛津大學(xué)文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位考試第一名”,他在給朋友的信中寫道:“我不知道我得到了什么,直到第二天早上12點(diǎn),在教堂吃早餐時(shí),我在《泰晤士報(bào)》上看到了我得第一名的消息……星期四那天,我收到了一大堆我認(rèn)識(shí)的人發(fā)來(lái)的電報(bào)”,然后和當(dāng)代進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,最后一句說“而當(dāng)代以最優(yōu)秀成績(jī)畢業(yè)的學(xué)生(contemporarystudent)就沒那么受歡迎了(lesswidelyacclaimed)”,從中我們可知,以前對(duì)于優(yōu)秀學(xué)生是進(jìn)行登報(bào),讓他得到很多人的尊重,而在當(dāng)代,最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生很少人知道,所以我們可以推斷,第一段使用Wilde的故事是為了對(duì)比當(dāng)代與以前對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)榮譽(yù)的認(rèn)知,D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)在該段沒有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有;

B選項(xiàng)中的dangerouseffects不符合原文,屬于曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)中,柏拉圖在第一句話的觀點(diǎn)是“避免強(qiáng)迫,讓你的孩子以玩的形式學(xué)習(xí)”,這和Wilde的故事并沒有相似處,屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.Thispassagementionswhichofthefollowingas“problems”(Paragraph2)inherentintheuseofpositivereinforcersineducation?

I.difficultiesinschedulingthereinforcers

II.limitationsinthesupplyofreinforcers

III.thefactthatrewardsencourageonlysuperficiallearning

30.這篇文章提到下列哪一個(gè)是在教育中使用積極強(qiáng)化物所固有的“問題”(第二段)?

I.計(jì)劃強(qiáng)化物的困難

II.提供強(qiáng)化物的限制

III.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)只鼓勵(lì)膚淺的學(xué)習(xí)

A.IonlyA.只有第一點(diǎn)

B.IIonlyB.只有第二點(diǎn)

C.IandIIonlyC.只有第一點(diǎn)和第二點(diǎn)

D.IandIIIonlyD.只有第一點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到文章第二段,中間兩句說到“許多強(qiáng)化物只有在某些缺乏狀態(tài)下才有效,這并不總是容易去安排(notalwayseasilyarranged)。如果讓一個(gè)學(xué)生餓著肚子,以食物來(lái)強(qiáng)化他,會(huì)引發(fā)個(gè)人問題,這是其他強(qiáng)化物無(wú)法完全避免的(notentirelyavoidedwithotherkindsofreinforcers)。”,從中可知,即便是積極的強(qiáng)化物也并非沒有問題,許多的強(qiáng)化物只有在一定的狀態(tài)下才有效,并不容易去安排(notalwayseasilyarranged),而且其他強(qiáng)化物也很難完全避免;那么從中我們可以推知,“計(jì)劃強(qiáng)化物的困難”和“提供強(qiáng)化物的限制”都是使用積極強(qiáng)化物所存在的問題,故C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均曲解原文。

31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Inthefinalparagraphofthispassage,theauthorsuggeststhatgradesareproblematicasreinforcersbecausethey______.31.在這篇文章的最后一段,作者認(rèn)為分?jǐn)?shù)作為強(qiáng)化因素是有問題的,因?yàn)樗鼈僟_____。

A.cannotbegiventoeverystudentA.不能給予每個(gè)學(xué)生

B.arenotpublicizedenoughB.宣傳不夠

C.arenotgivenimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehaviorisexhibitedC.不是在期望的行為出現(xiàn)后立即給予

D.arenotasusefultothestudentasmoneyD.對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說沒有錢有用

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到最后一段,第二句提到“孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校里要做的很多事情都沒有游戲的形式,也沒有任何與食物、及格分?jǐn)?shù)或獎(jiǎng)牌的自然聯(lián)系(noristhereanynaturalconnectionwithfoodorapassinggradeoramedal)”,可知,孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校做的大部分事情或者學(xué)習(xí)并不是以玩的形式,也沒有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),包括食物、及格分?jǐn)?shù)或獎(jiǎng)牌等;然后第四句提到“分?jǐn)?shù)幾乎總是在學(xué)生不再表現(xiàn)得像個(gè)學(xué)生之后很久才給的(longafter)”,隨后用實(shí)業(yè)教育進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,實(shí)業(yè)教育是“工資通常按小時(shí)計(jì)算”;從longafter和實(shí)業(yè)教育的對(duì)比,我們可以推知,分?jǐn)?shù)作為強(qiáng)化因素有問題是因?yàn)榭偸窃诤芫弥蟛沤o,故C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B選項(xiàng)沒有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有;

D選項(xiàng)在文中只是做一個(gè)對(duì)比,并不是表達(dá)該項(xiàng)意思,屬于曲解原文。

3.單選題

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas()asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.certainly

B.insignificantly

C.fundamentally

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)certainly“當(dāng)然;必定”;B選項(xiàng)insignificantly“無(wú)關(guān)緊要地”;C選項(xiàng)fundamentally“根本地,從根本上;基礎(chǔ)地”;D選項(xiàng)comparatively“比較地;相當(dāng)?shù)亍?。句意:?jì)算機(jī)革命可能會(huì)像工業(yè)革命一樣從根本上改變我們的社會(huì)。因此C符合句意。

4.單選題

Ifailedinmynewjob.IfonlyI()myparents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.listenedto

B.hadlistenedto

C.havelistenedto

D.wouldlistento

【答案】B

【解析】虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句,對(duì)過去事情的虛擬用“haddone”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Governmentreports,examinationcompositions,legaldocumentsandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations______formallanguageisused.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inwhich

B.onwhich

C.inthat

D.atwhat

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。formallanguageisused是用來(lái)修飾situations的定語(yǔ)從句,并且是一個(gè)完整的句子,可知橫線上的部分充當(dāng)關(guān)系副詞,根據(jù)短語(yǔ)inthesituation可知橫線部分表示地點(diǎn),所以答案選A選項(xiàng)inwhich,B選項(xiàng)onwhich錯(cuò)誤。inwhat用法錯(cuò)誤,故C選項(xiàng)inwhat錯(cuò)誤。atwhat用法錯(cuò)誤,D選項(xiàng)atwhat錯(cuò)誤。句意:政府報(bào)告、考試作文、法律文件和大多數(shù)商務(wù)信函是使用正式語(yǔ)言的主要情況。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Beforethegeneralelectionmanyseniorcitizenssignedthe()againstthespreadingofnucleararms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contract

B.petition

C.supplication

D.potential

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。contract合同,契約;petition請(qǐng)?jiān)笗冈S多人簽名的向當(dāng)權(quán)者提出某種要求;supplication祈愿,祈求,懇求;potential潛力,潛勢(shì)。句意:好多老年人簽訂反對(duì)核武器的擴(kuò)散。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Theseisolatedelephantpopulationsare______toextinction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fragile

B.primitive

C.vulnerable

D.susceptible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fragile“易碎的;不牢固的;虛弱的”;B選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的;落后的;(感覺或欲望)原始本能的”;C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“(身體上或感情上)脆弱的;易受……傷害的”,側(cè)重指(由于有夾縫或弱點(diǎn)而)易受責(zé)難或攻擊;D選項(xiàng)susceptible“易受(傷)的;易患(?。┑摹保瑐?cè)重指易受影響。句意:這些______的大象種群很容易滅絕。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,容易滅絕是因?yàn)槿菀资軅?,C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“(身體上或感情上)脆弱的;易受……傷害的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Providingfirst-classserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.methods

B.attitudes

C.thoughts

D.solutions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tactic“策略,手段”;A選項(xiàng)method“方法;手段”;B選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度;意見”;C選項(xiàng)thought“思想;想法;關(guān)心”;D選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案;溶液;溶解”。句意:提供一流的服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。根據(jù)句中“toattractpassengers為吸引乘客”可知tactic在這里的意思為“手段”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Someparentsdidnotappear()theirchildrentosummerschools.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tofavortosend

B.tofavorsending

C.favoringtosend

D.thattheyfavortosend

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞搭配辨析。appear后面接不定式,appeartodo,好像做了某事,排除C;favor后面接動(dòng)名詞,favordoingsth.,喜歡、贊成做某事,排除A,D。句意:一些家長(zhǎng)似乎不贊成把孩子送到暑期學(xué)校。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

從1992年到2003年的11年間,這些科學(xué)家按照農(nóng)民的方法種植水稻,控制一切可能

妨礙取得良好收成的因素,但是并不包括溫度和二氧化碳這兩種因素。在研究所的農(nóng)場(chǎng),夜間平均溫度比外面高出1.8o華氏度,結(jié)果水稻產(chǎn)量平均下降了10%??茖W(xué)家就此得出的結(jié)論是:較熱的夜晚可能會(huì)加快水稻的呼吸作用,并使其活動(dòng)加劇并消耗能量。

【答案】【參考譯文】11yearsfrom1992to2003,thescientistsinaccordancewiththemethodoffarmersgrowrice,controlallobstaclesmayachievegoodharvest,butnotthesetwofactorsincludingtemperatureandcarbondioxide.Ontheinstitute'sfarm,theaveragenighttimetemperaturewas1.8degreesFahrenheithigherthanoutside,resultinginanaverage10percentdropinriceproduction.Thescientistsconcludedthatwarmernightsmayspeedupricerespiration,increaseactivityandexpendenergy.

11.單選題

Thediscoveryofdistillationisusually()totheArahsofthe11thcentury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accredited

B.credited

C.regarded

D.accomplished

【答案】A

【解析】句意:通常認(rèn)為,蒸餾法是阿拉伯人在11世紀(jì)發(fā)明的。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。Accredit把……歸于;認(rèn)為(某事為某人所說、所做),常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),常見搭配為sth.tosb.或?sb.withsth.;credit把…記入貸方;認(rèn)為是…的功勞,常用搭配為?A(withB)或?B(toA);regard將…認(rèn)為;把…視為,常見搭配為sb./sth.(withsth.)或?sb./sth.assth.;accomplish完成;實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此符合句意并且能跟介詞to搭配的為選項(xiàng)A。

12.單選題

MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itcatalyzedphysicalexpansion,itsortedoutpeopleandlanduses,anditacceleratedtheinherentinstabilityofurbanlife.Byopeningvastareasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion,theomnibuses,horserailways,commutertrains,andelectrictrolleyspulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistantfromcitycentersthantheywereinthepre-modernera.In1850,forexample,bordersofBostonlayscarcelytwomilesfromtheoldbusinessdistrict;bytheturnofthecenturytheradiusextendedtenmiles.Nowthosewhocouldafforditcouldlivefarremovedfromtheoldcitycenterandstillcommutethereforwork,shopping,andentertainment.Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenowknowasurbansprawl.Between1890and1920,forexample,some250,000newresidentiallotswererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago,mostofthemlocatedinoutlyingareas.Overthesameperiod,another550,000wereplottedoutsidethecitylimitsbutwithinthemetropolitanarea.Anxioustotakeadvantageofthepossibilitiesofcommuting,realestatedevelopersadded800,000potentialbuildingsitestotheChicagoregioninjustthirtyyears—lotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosixmillionpeople.

Ofcourse,manywereneveroccupied;therewasalwaysahugesurplusofsubdivided,butvacant,landaroundChicagoandothercities.Theseexcessesunderscoreafeatureofresidentialexpansionrelatedtothegrowthofmasstransportation:urbansprawlwasessentiallyunplanned.Itwascarriedoutbythousandsofsmallinvestorswhopaidlittleheedtocoordinatedlanduseortofuturelandusers.Thosewhopurchasedandpreparedlandforresidentialpurposes,particularlylandnearoroutsidecityborderswheretransitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated,didsotocreatedemandasmuchastorespondtoit.Chicagoisaprimeexampleofthisprocess.Realestatesubdivisionthereproceededmuchfasterthanpopulationgrowth.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingsubjectisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.WhydoestheauthormentionbothBostonandChicago?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasonedisadvantageofresidentialexpansion?

4.TheauthormentionsChicagointhesecondparagraphasanexampleofacity,().

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"anticipate"meaninthesecondparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Typesofmasstransportation

B.Instabilityofurbanlife

C.Howsupplyanddemanddeterminelanduse

D.Theeffectofmasstransportationonurbanexpansion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Todemonstratepositiveandnegativeeffectsofgrowth

B.Toexemplifycitieswithandwithoutmasstransportation

C.Toshowmasstransportationchangedmanycities

D.Tocontrasttheirrateofgrowth

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasexpensive

B.Ithappenedtooslowly

C.Itwasunplanned

D.Itcreatedademandforpublictransportation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatislarge

B.thatisusedasamodelforlanddevelopment

C.wherethedevelopmentoflandexceededpopulationgrowth

D.withanexcellentmasstransportationsystem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Totakepartin

B.Toexpect

C.Tobeagainst

D.Topayfor

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章首句即文章主題句:MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways(公共交通從三個(gè)方面改變了美國(guó)城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu))。后面則是就此三方面進(jìn)行論述。因此D項(xiàng)“公共交通對(duì)城市擴(kuò)張的影響”比較符合文章大意。

第2題:判斷推理題。作者舉例“波士頓及芝加哥城市受公共交通影響發(fā)生的擴(kuò)張”是為了論證前面的主題句:公共交通從三個(gè)方面改變了美國(guó)城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知作者是為了論證“公共交通改變了城市”。故選C項(xiàng)。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:urbansprawlwasessentiallyunplanned.Itwascarriedoutbythousandsofsmallinvestorswhopaidlittleheedtocoordinatedlanduseortofuturelandusers(城市擴(kuò)張基本上是沒有規(guī)劃的。它是由成千上萬(wàn)的小投資者執(zhí)行的,他們很少注意到土地的協(xié)調(diào)使用或未來(lái)的土地使用者)。因此,C項(xiàng)“(住宅擴(kuò)張)沒有規(guī)劃”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段最后指出:Chicagoisaprimeexampleofthisprocess.Realestatesubdivisionthereproceededmuchfasterthanpopulationgrowth(芝加哥就是這一過程的一個(gè)典型例子。那里房地產(chǎn)區(qū)域的發(fā)展比人口的增長(zhǎng)更快)。由此可知,芝加哥“土地開發(fā)超過人口增長(zhǎng)”。故選C。

第5題:詞義題。"anticipate"所在句為:Thosewhopurchasedandpreparedlandforresidentialpurposes,particularlylandnearoroutsidecityborderswheretransitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated,didsotocreatedemandasmuchastorespondtoit(那些購(gòu)買和準(zhǔn)備住宅用地的人,特別是城市邊界附近或城外的土地,因?yàn)槟抢镉泄痪€路和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)居民,這樣做既是為了滿足需求,也是為了創(chuàng)造需求)。wheretransitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated是定語(yǔ)從句修飾landnearoroutsidecityborders(靠近城市邊緣或城市之外的區(qū)域)。而這些區(qū)域曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是具有公交線路和中層階級(jí)居住的地方,由此推斷,與anticipated意思相近的是B項(xiàng)“期望”。

13.單選題

HurricaneHugowill_____intherecordbooksasthecostlieststormeverfacedbyinsurers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.godown

B.goup

C.goby

D.gothrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。godown“下降,傳下去”;goup“增長(zhǎng),上升”;goby“經(jīng)過,順便拜訪”;gothrough“經(jīng)受,通過,仔細(xì)檢查”。句意:颶風(fēng)雨果將作為有史以來(lái)遭遇損失最嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨被載入史冊(cè)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Thestudentswillputoffthematchuntilnextweek,(

)theywon’tbesobusy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.as

C.when

D.while

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。此句的先行詞為nextweek,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此引導(dǎo)詞用when。句意:學(xué)生們將把比賽推遲到下周,那時(shí)他們不會(huì)那么忙。

15.單選題

Thecarenginemay()aswegoupthehill.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinguish

B.stall

C.cease

D.start

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。extinguish“熄滅,壓制,消滅”;stall“熄火,拖延”;cease“停止,結(jié)束”;start“開始”。句意:當(dāng)我們上山時(shí),汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可能會(huì)熄火。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause().

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto().

5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohave

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